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The giant panda is an endangered species, classified as vulnerable by the World Wildlife Foundation. Continuous monitoring for the emergence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) among bacterial isolates from giant pandas is vital not only for their protection but also for public health.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>A total of 166 <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>, 68 <jats:italic>Enterobacter<\/jats:italic> spp.<jats:italic>,<\/jats:italic> 116\u2009<jats:italic>K. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic> and 117 <jats:italic>Enterococcus<\/jats:italic> spp. isolates were collected from fecal samples of 166 giant pandas. In the antimicrobial susceptibility tests, 144 <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic> isolates, 66 <jats:italic>Enterobacter<\/jats:italic> spp. isolates, 110\u2009<jats:italic>K. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic> isolates and 43 <jats:italic>Enterococcus<\/jats:italic> spp. isolates were resistant to at least one antimicrobial. The resistant isolates carried antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs), including <jats:italic>sul3<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>TEM<\/jats:sub>, <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>SHV<\/jats:sub> and <jats:italic>tetA<\/jats:italic>. The differences in the prevalence of the <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic> types implied that the genetic basis for \u03b2-lactam resistance among the <jats:italic>E. coli, Enterobacter<\/jats:italic> spp. and <jats:italic>K. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic> isolates was different. The strain <jats:italic>K. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic> K85 that was resistant to sixteen antimicrobials was selected for whole genome sequencing. The genome contained Col440I, IncFIB<jats:sub>K<\/jats:sub> and IncFII<jats:sub>K<\/jats:sub> plasmids and altogether 258 ARGs were predicted in the genome; 179 of the predicted ARGs were efflux pump genes. The genetic environment of the \u03b2-lactamase genes <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>CTX-M-3<\/jats:sub> and <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>TEM-1<\/jats:sub> in the <jats:italic>K. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic> K85 genome was relatively similar to those in other sequenced <jats:italic>K. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic> genomes. In comparing the giant panda age groups, the differences in the resistance rates among <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>K. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Enterobacter<\/jats:italic> spp. isolates suggested that the infections in giant pandas of different age should be treated differently.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Antimicrobial resistance was prevalent in the bacterial isolates from the giant pandas, implying that the gut bacteria may pose serious health risks for captive giant pandas. The resistance genes in the genome of <jats:italic>K. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic> K85 were associated with insertion sequences and integron-integrase genes, implying a potential for the further spread of the antimicrobial resistance.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12866-022-02514-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,14]],"date-time":"2022-04-14T07:03:01Z","timestamp":1649919781000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Antimicrobial resistance of Escherichia coli, Enterobacter spp., Klebsiella pneumoniae and Enterococcus spp. isolated from the feces of giant panda"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Xin","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caiwu","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guo","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daifu","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ti","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuanyuan","family":"Qu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenwen","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yongguo","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Petri","family":"Penttinen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hemin","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ke","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Likou","family":"Zou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,14]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"2514_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1644\/BRB-226.1","volume":"86","author":"W Qiu-Hong","year":"2005","unstructured":"Qiu-Hong W, Hua W, Sheng-Guo F. 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