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Vaginal swabs were collected, 16S rRNA genes were sequenced, and <jats:italic>M. hominis<\/jats:italic> colonization was confirmed by qPCR. Cox models were used to estimate the fecundability odds ratio (FOR) for women with <jats:italic>M. hominis<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The prevalence of <jats:italic>M. hominis<\/jats:italic> was 22.47% (20\/89), and the abundance was relatively low (the cycle thresholds of the qPCR were all more than 25). In terms of the vaginal microbiome, the Simpson index of the positive group was significantly lower than that of the negative group (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.003), which means that the microbiome diversity appeared to increase with <jats:italic>M. hominis<\/jats:italic> positivity. The relative abundance of <jats:italic>M. hominis<\/jats:italic> was negatively correlated with <jats:italic>Lactobacillus crispatus<\/jats:italic> (rho\u2009=\u2009\u2212\u20090.24, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.024), but positively correlated with <jats:italic>Gardnerella vaginalis<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Atopobium vaginae<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Prevotella bivia<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> all &lt;\u20090.05). The cumulative one-year pregnancy rate for the <jats:italic>M. hominis<\/jats:italic> positive group was lower than that in the negative group (58.96% vs 66.76%, log-rank test: <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.029). After controlling for potential confounders, the risk of pregnancy in the <jats:italic>M. hominis<\/jats:italic> positive group was reduced by 38% when compared with the positive group (FOR\u2009=\u20090.62, 95% CI: 0.42\u20130.93).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The vaginal colonization of <jats:italic>M. hominis<\/jats:italic> at a low level in pre-pregnant women is negatively correlated with female fecundability.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12866-022-02545-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,5]],"date-time":"2022-05-05T10:07:48Z","timestamp":1651745268000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["The associations between low abundance of Mycoplasma hominis and female fecundability: a pregnancy-planning cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Xiang","family":"Hong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiechen","family":"Yin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fanqi","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoling","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hong","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuening","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"2545_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2018.05.003","volume":"117","author":"B Wang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wang B, Zhou W, Zhu W, Chen L, Wang W, Tian Y, et al. 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