{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T16:13:50Z","timestamp":1789748030217,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,5]],"date-time":"2022-05-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1651708800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,5]],"date-time":"2022-05-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1651708800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>Haemophilus influenzae<\/jats:italic>was the most aggressive pathogen and formed a major cause of bacterial meningitis and pneumonia in young children and infants, which need medical emergency requiring immediate diagnosis and treatment. However, From isolation to identification of<jats:italic>H. influenzae<\/jats:italic>, the traditional diagnose strategy was time-consuming and expensive. Therefore, the establishment of a convenient, highly sensitive, and stable detection system is urgent and critical.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this study, we used a combined method to detect<jats:italic>H. influenzae<\/jats:italic>. Six specific primers were designed on the basis of outer membrane protein<jats:italic>P6<\/jats:italic>gene sequence of<jats:italic>H. influenzae<\/jats:italic>. The reaction condition such as the optimum temperature was 65\u2103, and the optimum reaction time was 30\u00a0min, respectively. Through the loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) in combination with nanoparticle-based lateral flow biosensor (LFB), the sensitivity of LAMP-LFB showed 100\u00a0fg was the lowest genomic DNA templates concentration in the pure cultures. Meanwhile, the specificity of<jats:italic>H. influenzae<\/jats:italic>-LAMP-LFB assay showed the exclusive positive results, which were detected in<jats:italic>H. influenzae<\/jats:italic>templates. In 55 clinical sputum samples, 22 samples were positive with LAMP-LFB method, which was in accordance with the traditional culture and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) method. The accuracy in diagnosing<jats:italic>H. influenzae<\/jats:italic>with LAMP-LFB could reach 100%, compared to culture and PCR method, indicating the LAMP-LFB had more advantages in target pathogen detection.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Taken together, LAMP-LFB could be used as an effective diagnostic approach for<jats:italic>H<\/jats:italic>.<jats:italic>influenzae<\/jats:italic>in the conditions of basic and clinical labs, which would allow clinicians to make better informed decisions regarding patient treatment without delay.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12866-022-02547-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,5]],"date-time":"2022-05-05T12:11:49Z","timestamp":1651752709000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Detection of Haemophilus influenzae by loop-mediated isothermal amplification coupled with nanoparticle-based lateral flow biosensor assay"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Qilong","family":"Cao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shaoshuai","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Feng","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hui","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mengyang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yajuan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lijun","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaolong","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,5]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"2547_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.7883\/yoken.JJID.2007.55","volume":"60","author":"H Torigoe","year":"2007","unstructured":"Torigoe H, Seki M, Yamashita Y, Sugaya A, Maeno M. Detection of Haemophilus influenzae by loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) of the outer membrane protein P6 gene. Jpn J Infect Dis. 2007;60(1):55\u20138.","journal-title":"Jpn J Infect Dis"},{"key":"2547_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1075","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/171.4.1075","volume":"171","author":"TJ Falla","year":"1995","unstructured":"Falla TJ, Crook DWM, Anderson EC, Ward JI, Santosham M, Eskola J, Moxon ER. Characterization of capsular genes in Haemophilus influenzae isolates from H. influenzae type b vaccine recipients. J Infect Dis. 1995;171:1075\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/infdis\/171.4.1075.","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"2547_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1016\/S0890-8508(06)80009-5","volume":"5","author":"JS Kroll","year":"1991","unstructured":"Kroll JS, Ely S, Moxon ER. Capsular typing of Haemophilus influenzae with a DNA probe. Mol Cell Probes. 1991;5:375\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0890-8508(06)80009-5.","journal-title":"Mol Cell Probes"},{"key":"2547_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.41.1.393-396.2003","volume":"41","author":"LL LaClaire","year":"2003","unstructured":"LaClaire LL, Tondella M, Beall DS, Noble CA, Raghunathan PL, Rosenstein NE, Popovic T. Identification of Haemophilus influenzae serotypes by standard slide agglutination serotyping and PCR-based capsule typing. J Clin Microbiol. 2003;41:393\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/JCM.41.1.393-396.2003.","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"2547_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"560","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.34.3.560-563.1996","volume":"34","author":"K Muhlemann","year":"1996","unstructured":"Muhlemann K, Balz M, Aebi S, Schopfer K. Molecular characteristics of Haemophilus influenzae causing invasive disease during the period of vaccination in Switzerland: analysis of strains isolated between 1986 and 1993. J Clin Microbiol. 1996;34:560\u20133. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/jcm.34.3.560-563.1996.","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"2547_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1099\/00222615-33-4-271","volume":"33","author":"RJ van Ketel","year":"1990","unstructured":"van Ketel RJ, Wever BD, Alphen LV. Detection of Haemophilus influenzae in cerebrospinal fluids by polymerase chain reaction DNA amplification. J Med Microbiol. 1990;33(4):271\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1099\/00222615-33-4-271.","journal-title":"J Med Microbiol"},{"issue":"11","key":"2547_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2854","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.35.11.2854-2858.1997","volume":"35","author":"PH Hendolin","year":"1997","unstructured":"Hendolin PH, Markkanen A, Ylikoski J, Wahlfors JJ. Use of multiplex PCR for simultaneous detection of four bacterial species in middle ear effusions. J Clin Microbiol. 1997;35(11):2854\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/jcm.35.11.2854-2858.1997.","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"2547_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2076","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.38.6.2076-2080.2000","volume":"38","author":"JJ Lu","year":"2000","unstructured":"Lu JJ, Perng CL, Lee SY, Wan CC. Use of PCR with universal primers and restriction endonuclease digestions for detection and identification of common bacterial pathogens in cerebrospinal fluid. J Clin Microbiol. 2000;38(6):2076\u201380. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/JCM.38.6.2076-2080.2000.","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2547_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"774","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.54.3.774-779.1986","volume":"54","author":"TF Murphy","year":"1986","unstructured":"Murphy TF, Bartos LC, Campagnari AA, Nelson MB, Apicella MA. Antigenic characterization of the P6 protein of nontypable Haemophilus influenzae. Infect Immun. 1986;54(3):774\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/iai.54.3.774-779.1986.","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"issue":"8","key":"2547_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2658","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.59.8.2658-2663.1991","volume":"59","author":"MB Nelson","year":"1991","unstructured":"Nelson MB, Munson RS, Apicella MA, Sikkema DJ, Molleston JP, Murphy TF. Molecular conservation of the P6 outer membrane protein among strains of Haemophilus influenzae: analysis of antigenic determinants, gene sequences, and restriction fragment length polymorphisms. Infect Immun. 1991;59(8):2658\u201363. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/iai.59.8.2658-2663.1991.","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"issue":"2","key":"2547_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-695X.1999.tb01384.x","volume":"26","author":"RJ Karalus","year":"1999","unstructured":"Karalus RJ, Murphy TF. Purification and characterization of outer membrane protein P6, a vaccine antigen of non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae. FEMS Immunol Med Mic. 1999;26(2):159\u201366. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1574-695X.1999.tb01384.x.","journal-title":"FEMS Immunol Med Mic"},{"issue":"12","key":"2547_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E63","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/28.12.e63","volume":"28","author":"T Notomi","year":"2000","unstructured":"Notomi T, Okayama H, Masubuchi H, Yonekawa T, Watanabe K, Amino N, Hase T. Loop-mediated isothermal amplification of DNA. Nucleic Acids Res. 2000;28(12):E63. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/nar\/28.12.e63.","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"2547_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1007\/s10156-013-0590-0","volume":"19","author":"Y Mori","year":"2013","unstructured":"Mori Y, Kanda H, Notomi T. Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP): recent progress in research and development. J Infect Chemother. 2013;19(3):404\u201311. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10156-013-0590-0.","journal-title":"J Infect Chemother"},{"issue":"2","key":"2547_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1007\/s12088-015-0563-3","volume":"56","author":"BR Prusty","year":"2016","unstructured":"Prusty BR, Chaudhuri P, Chaturvedi VK, Saini M, Mishra BP, Gupta PK. Visual Detection of Brucella spp. in Spiked Bovine Semen Using Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification (LAMP) Assay. Indian J Microbiol. 2016;56(2):142\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12088-015-0563-3.","journal-title":"Indian J Microbiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2547_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2013.05.002","volume":"95","author":"M P\u00e9rez-Sancho","year":"2013","unstructured":"P\u00e9rez-Sancho M, Garc\u00eda-Seco T, Arrogante L, Garcia N, Martinez I, Diez-Guerrier A, Perales A, Goyache J, Dominguez L, Alvarez J. Development and evaluation of an IS711-based loop mediated isothermal amplification method (LAMP) for detection of Brucella spp. on clinical samples. Res Vet Sci. 2013;95(2):489\u201394. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.rvsc.2013.05.002.","journal-title":"Res Vet Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"2547_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"828","DOI":"10.1111\/jam.12290","volume":"115","author":"M Soleimani","year":"2013","unstructured":"Soleimani M, Shams S, Majidzadeh-A K. Developing a real-time quantitative loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay as a rapid and accurate method for detection of Brucellosis. J Appl Microbiol. 2013;115(3):828\u201334. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jam.12290.","journal-title":"J Appl Microbiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2547_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-695X.2011.00785.x","volume":"62","author":"P Francois","year":"2011","unstructured":"Francois P, Tangomo M, Hibbs J, Bonetti EJ, Boehme CC, Notomi T, Perkins MD, Schrenzel J. Robustness of a loop-mediated isothermal amplification reaction for diagnostic applications. FEMS Immunol Med Mic. 2011;62(1):41\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1574-695X.2011.00785.x.","journal-title":"FEMS Immunol Med Mic"},{"issue":"2","key":"2547_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1007\/s10156-009-0669-9","volume":"15","author":"Y Mori","year":"2009","unstructured":"Mori Y, Notomi T. Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP): a rapid, accurate, and cost-effective diagnostic method for infectious diseases. J Infect Chemother. 2009;15(2):62\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10156-009-0669-9.","journal-title":"J Infect Chemother"},{"issue":"10","key":"2547_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3621","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00515-11","volume":"49","author":"DW Kim","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kim DW, Kilgore PE, Kim EJ, Kim SA, Anh DD, Seki M. Loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay for detection of Haemophilus influenzae type b in cerebrospinal fluid. J Clin Microbiol. 2011;49(10):3621\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/JCM.00515-11.","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"2547_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1877","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2017.01877","volume":"8","author":"C Takano","year":"2017","unstructured":"Takano C, Seki M, Kim DW, Kilgore PE, Fuwa K, Takahashi K, Inazaki T, Hayakawa S. Molecular serotype-specific identification of non-type b Haemophilus influenzae by loop-mediated isothermal amplification. Front Microbiol. 2017;8:1877. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmicb.2017.01877.","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"key":"2547_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2014.05.039","volume":"61","author":"X Zhang","year":"2014","unstructured":"Zhang X, Lowe SB, Gooding JJ. Brief review of monitoring methods for loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP). Biosens Bioelectron. 2014;61:491\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bios.2014.05.039.","journal-title":"Biosens Bioelectron"},{"key":"2547_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1251","DOI":"10.2147\/IDR.S243881","volume":"13","author":"LX Jiang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Jiang LX, Li XM, Gu RM, Mu DG. Nanoparticles-Based biosensor coupled with multiplex loop-mediated isothermal amplification for detection of Staphylococcus aureus and identification of methicillin-resistant S. aureus. Infect Drug Resist. 2020;13:1251\u201362. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/IDR.S243881.","journal-title":"Infect Drug Resist."},{"key":"2547_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2343","DOI":"10.2147\/idr.s211644","volume":"12","author":"S Li","year":"2019","unstructured":"Li S, Liu Y, Wang Y, Chen H, Liu C, Wang Y. Lateral flow biosensor combined with loop-mediated isothermal amplification for simple, rapid, sensitive, and reliable detection of Brucella spp. Infect Drug Resist. 2019;12:2343\u201353. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/idr.s211644.","journal-title":"Infect Drug Resist"},{"key":"2547_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2015.05.050","volume":"73","author":"D Quesada-Gonz\u00e1lez","year":"2015","unstructured":"Quesada-Gonz\u00e1lez D, Merkoci A. Nanoparticle-based lateral flow biosensors. Biosens Bioelectron. 2015;73:47\u201363. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bios.2015.05.050.","journal-title":"Biosens Bioelectron"},{"issue":"1","key":"2547_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13568-019-0921-3","volume":"9","author":"YC Wang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wang YC, Wang Y, Jiao WW, Li JQ, Quan ST, Sun L, Wang YH, Qi X, Wang XY, Shen A. Development of loop-mediated isothermal amplification coupled with nanoparticle-based lateral flow biosensor assay for Mycoplasma pneumoniae detection. AMB Express. 2019;9(1):1\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13568-019-0921-3.","journal-title":"AMB Express"},{"key":"2547_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2020.112437","volume":"166","author":"X Zhu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhu X, Wang X, Han L, Chen T, Wang LC, Li H, Li S, He LF, Fu XY, Chen SJ, Xing M, Chen H, Wang Y. Multiplex reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification combined with nanoparticle-based lateral flow biosensor for the diagnosis of COVID-19. Biosens Bioelectron. 2020;166:112437. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bios.2020.112437.","journal-title":"Biosens Bioelectron"},{"key":"2547_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2018.03.004","volume":"182","author":"EAREN Syafirah","year":"2018","unstructured":"Syafirah EAREN, Najian ABN, Foo PC, Ali MRM, Mohamed M, Yean CY. An ambient temperature stable and ready-to-use loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay for detection of toxigenic Vibrio cholerae in outbreak settings. Acta tropica. 2018;182:223\u201331. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.actatropica.2018.03.004.","journal-title":"Acta tropica"},{"issue":"7","key":"2547_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1654","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.30.7.1654-1660.1992","volume":"30","author":"OG Brakstad","year":"1992","unstructured":"Brakstad OG, Aasbakk K, Maeland JA. Detection of Staphylococcus aureus by polymerase chain reaction amplification of the nuc gene. J Clin Microbiol. 1992;30(7):1654\u201360. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/jcm.30.7.1654-1660.1992.","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"issue":"9","key":"2547_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"944","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resmic.2005.05.004","volume":"156","author":"D Liu","year":"2005","unstructured":"Liu D, Wang C, Swiatlo EJ, Lawrence ML. PCR amplification of a species-specific putative transcriptional regulator gene reveals the identity of Enterococcus faecalis. Res microbiol. 2005;156(9):944\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.resmic.2005.05.004.","journal-title":"Res microbiol"},{"key":"2547_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aca.2017.10.022","volume":"996","author":"Y Wang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Wang Y, Liu D, Deng J, Wang Y, Xu J, Ye C. Loop-mediated isothermal amplification using self-avoiding molecular recognition systems and antarctic thermal sensitive uracil-DNA-glycosylase for detection of nucleic acid with prevention of carryover contamination. Anal Chim Acta. 2017;996:74\u201387. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.aca.2017.10.022.","journal-title":"Anal Chim Acta"},{"issue":"4","key":"2547_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1007\/s00604-018-2723-8","volume":"185","author":"Y Wang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wang Y, Wang Y, Li D, Xu J, Ye C. Detection of nucleic acids and elimination of carryover contamination by using loop-mediated iso-thermal amplification and antarctic thermal sensitive uracil-DNA-glycosylase in a lateral flow biosensor: application to the detection of Streptococcus pneumoniae. Microchim Acta. 2018;185(4):212. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00604-018-2723-8.","journal-title":"Microchim Acta"},{"issue":"4","key":"2547_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmoldx.2015.03.002","volume":"17","author":"Y Wang","year":"2015","unstructured":"Wang Y, Wang Y, Lan R, Xu H, Ma A, Li D, Dai H, Yuan X, Xu J, Ye C. Multiple Endonuclease Restriction Real-Time Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification: A Novel Analytically Rapid, Sensitive, Multiplex Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Detection Technique. J mol diagn. 2015;17(4):392\u2013401. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jmoldx.2015.03.002.","journal-title":"J mol diagn"}],"container-title":["BMC Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12866-022-02547-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12866-022-02547-5\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12866-022-02547-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,23]],"date-time":"2024-09-23T21:31:49Z","timestamp":1727127109000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcmicrobiol.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12866-022-02547-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,5]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]}},"alternative-id":["2547"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12866-022-02547-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2180"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2180","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"8 February 2022","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"27 April 2022","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"5 May 2022","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The research methods and protocols for the current study were carried out in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations\u00a0(declarations of helsinki), which has been approved by The Ethics Committee of Dingzhou People\u2019s hospital, Dingzhou, Hebei, China. The sputum samples were acquired from patients of Dingzhou People\u2019s hospital with the written informed consent. The written informed consent were obtained from all subjects or patients and\/or their legal guardian(s).","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approvals and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"123"}}