{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,10]],"date-time":"2025-09-10T22:44:26Z","timestamp":1757544266963},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,11]],"date-time":"2022-06-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1654905600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,11]],"date-time":"2022-06-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1654905600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Objective &amp; aim<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The coronavirus disease, so far (COVID-19) has brought about millions of infections and fatalities throughout the world. Our aim was to determine the correlation between rubella IGG titers with the severity COVID-19.\u00a0<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Materials &amp; methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>This study was conducted among COVID-19 confirmed patients over 18\u00a0years of age. The disease severity levels were categorized by WHO interim guidance. The rubella-specific IgG antibody-titer spectrum was measured (within first 48\u00a0h of hospitalization) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Result<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>In a study of 46 inpatients with varying COVID-19 disease severity (mild, moderate, severe, and critical), we observed a negative correlation between rubella IgG antibody titers and COVID\u201019 severity (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>-Value\u2009=\u20090.017), There was an interaction between COVID-19 vaccination history and rubella IGG on severity COVID-19 (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>-Value\u2009=\u20090.0015). There was an interaction between age group under 44\u00a0years (including national measles- rubella (MR) vaccination in Iran) and rubella IGG titers on severity COVID-19 too (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>-value\u2009=\u20090.014).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>In conclusion, MR vaccination seems to have a positive effect in reducing the severity of the disease, emphasizing that, the important and separate effect of the IGG rubella (due to natural or extrinsic immunity) titers is determining.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12866-022-02563-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,11]],"date-time":"2022-06-11T08:02:56Z","timestamp":1654934576000},"update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Does the rubella immunoglobulin G affect the severity of COVID- 19?\u00a0"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Leyla","family":"Sahebi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohsen","family":"Hosseini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alireza","family":"Abdollahi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nahid","family":"Farrokhzad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Samrand","family":"Fattah Ghazi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Farzaneh","family":"Samaei Noroozi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fereshteh","family":"Ghiasvand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,11]]},"reference":[{"issue":"9","key":"2563_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2217","DOI":"10.1080\/21645515.2020.1773141","volume":"16","author":"AAO Anbarasu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Anbarasu AAO, Ramaiah SAOX, Livingstone P. 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