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The composition of the microbial communities in tear test paper and conjunctival swab samples was analyzed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      There was no statistically significant difference in Alpha diversity of ocular surface microorganisms represented by tear strip and conjunctival swab in diabetic group (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&gt;\u20090.05), but there was statistically significant difference in Alpha diversity of ocular surface microorganisms detected by tear strip and conjunctival swab in nondiabetic group (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05). There were statistically significant differences in Beta diversity of ocular surface microorganisms detected by two sampling methods between diabetic group and nondiabetic group (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05). There were statistically significant differences in ocular surface microorganisms detected by tear strip method between diabetic group and nondiabetic group (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05), but there was no statistically significant difference in conjunctival swab method (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&gt;\u20090.05).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Tear test paper and conjunctival swabs detect different compositions of microbes through two different techniques of eye surface microbe sampling. Tear test paper cannot completely replace conjunctival swab specimens for the study of microbes related to eye surface diseases.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12866-023-02775-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,27]],"date-time":"2023-01-27T22:05:08Z","timestamp":1674857108000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Significantly different results in the ocular surface microbiome detected by tear paper and conjunctival swab"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Zhangling","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhaoyu","family":"Xiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lipu","family":"Cui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinran","family":"Qin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuli","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huiyi","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haidong","family":"Zou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,28]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"2775_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2016.04.004","volume":"14","author":"A Kugadas","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kugadas A, Gadjeva M. 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