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Echinocandins are the first-line treatment of invasive candidiasis caused by <jats:italic>C. glabrata<\/jats:italic>. The epidemiological echinocandin sensitivity requires long-term surveillance and the understanding about whole genome characteristics of echinocandin non-susceptible isolates was limited.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The present study investigated the echinocandin susceptibility of 1650\u00a0<jats:italic>C. glabrata<\/jats:italic> clinical isolates in China from August 2014 to July 2019. The in vitro activity of micafungin was significantly better than those of caspofungin and anidulafungin (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001), assessed by MIC<jats:sub>50\/90<\/jats:sub> values. Whole genome sequencing was conducted on non-susceptible isolates and geography-matched susceptible isolates. Thirteen isolates (0.79%) were resistant to at least one echinocandin. Six isolates (0.36%) were solely intermediate to caspofungin. Common evolutionary analysis of echinocandin-resistant and echinocandin-intermediate isolates revealed genes related with reduced caspofungin sensitivity, including previously identified sphinganine hydroxylase encoding gene <jats:italic>SUR2<\/jats:italic>. Genome-wide association study identified SNPs at subtelometric regions that were associated with echinocandin non-susceptibility. In-host evolution of echinocandin resistance of serial isolates revealed an enrichment for non-synonymous mutations in adhesins genes and loss of subtelometric regions containing adhesin genes.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The echinocandins are highly active against <jats:italic>C. glabrata<\/jats:italic> in China with a resistant rate of 0.79%. Echinocandin non-susceptible isolates carried common evolved genes which are related with reduced caspofungin sensitivity. In-host evolution of <jats:italic>C. glabrata<\/jats:italic> accompanied intensive changing of adhesins profile.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12866-023-03105-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,16]],"date-time":"2023-11-16T06:01:46Z","timestamp":1700114506000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Whole genome analysis of echinocandin non-susceptible Candida Glabrata clinical isolates: a multi-center study in China"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Yi","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Hou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruoyu","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kang","family":"Liao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ling","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoming","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ping","family":"Ji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haishen","family":"Kong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yun","family":"Xia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hui","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ge","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jin","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meng","family":"Xiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yingxing","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yingchun","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,16]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"3105_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-013-2009-3","volume":"33","author":"CF Rodrigues","year":"2014","unstructured":"Rodrigues CF, Silva S, Henriques M. 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