{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T07:37:01Z","timestamp":1777621021302,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,24]],"date-time":"2023-11-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1700784000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,24]],"date-time":"2023-11-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1700784000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Microbiol"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Dental caries is a chronic oral disease caused by microbial infections, which result in erosion of the dental enamel and cause irreversible damage. Therefore, proper disease management techniques and the creation of an environment that prevents intraoral growth and biofilm formation of <jats:italic>Streptococcus mutans<\/jats:italic> in the early stages, are crucial to prevent the potential progression of dental plaque to disease. Here, we aimed to investigate antimicrobial and antibiofilm effects of the <jats:italic>Bacillus velezensis<\/jats:italic> ID-A01 supernatant (ID23029) against <jats:italic>S. mutans<\/jats:italic>, and its inhibitory effects on acidogenesis.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>A killing kinetics assay showed a peak lethality percentage of 94.5% after 6\u00a0h of exposure to ID23029. In sucrose-exposed conditions, ID23029 inhibited lactic acid formation, preventing the pH from falling below the threshold for enamel demineralization, and inhibited up to 96.6% of biofilm formation. This effect was maintained in the presence of lysozyme. Furthermore, ID23029 retained up to 92% lethality, even at an intraoral concentration at which lysozyme is ineffective against <jats:italic>S. mutans<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>This study demonstrates the potential of the <jats:italic>B. velezensis<\/jats:italic> ID-A01 supernatant for the prevention and treatment of dental caries. Its eventual use in dental practice is encouraged, although further studies are required to confirm its beneficial effects.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12866-023-03114-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,24]],"date-time":"2023-11-24T02:02:03Z","timestamp":1700791323000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Inhibitory effects of Bacillus velezensis ID-A01 supernatant against Streptococcus mutans"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Hyeoungeun","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chi-Young","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Su-Hyeon","family":"Eun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Min-Goo","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A-Rang","family":"Im","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Byeonghun","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,24]]},"reference":[{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"3114_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1046\/j..2003.com122.x","volume":"31","author":"PE Petersen","year":"2003","unstructured":"Petersen PE. The world oral health report 2003: continuous improvement of oral health in the 21st century\u2013the approach of the WHO Global Oral Health Programme. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 2003;31(Suppl 1):3\u201323.","journal-title":"Community Dent Oral Epidemiol"},{"key":"3114_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1186\/s13005-020-00237-z","volume":"16","author":"M Kazeminia","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kazeminia M, Abdi A, Shohaimi S, Jalali R, Vaisi-Raygani A, Salari N, et al. Dental caries in primary and permanent teeth in children\u2019s worldwide, 1995 to 2019: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Head Face Med. 2020;16:22.","journal-title":"Head Face Med"},{"key":"3114_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-013-1993-7","volume":"33","author":"W Krzy\u015bciak","year":"2014","unstructured":"Krzy\u015bciak W, Jurczak A, Ko\u015bcielniak D, Bystrowska B, Skalniak A. The virulence of Streptococcus mutans and the ability to form biofilms. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 2014;33:499\u2013515.","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"key":"3114_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro771","volume":"1","author":"TJ Mitchell","year":"2003","unstructured":"Mitchell TJ. The pathogenesis of streptococcal Infections: from tooth decay to Meningitis. Nat Rev Microbiol. 2003;1:219\u201330.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol"},{"key":"3114_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6283","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.68.12.6283-6291.2002","volume":"68","author":"A Yoshida","year":"2002","unstructured":"Yoshida A, Kuramitsu HK. Multiple Streptococcus mutans genes are involved in biofilm formation. 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