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This study aimed to determine the distribution of anti-microbial resistance among\n                      <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n                      (\n                      <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                      ) isolated from the feces of apparently healthy camels in Egyptian abattoirs. Additionally, we sought to characterize Shiga toxin-producing\n                      <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                      (STEC) strains, assess their virulence potential, and investigate the possibility of camels spreading carbapenem- and colistin-resistant\n                      <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                      .\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      121 fecal swaps were collected from camels in different abattoirs in Egypt. Isolation and identification of\n                      <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                      were performed using conventional culture techniques and biochemical identification. All isolates obtained from the examined samples underwent genotyping through polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of the Shiga toxin-encoding genes (\n                      <jats:italic>Stx1<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>Stx2<\/jats:italic>\n                      ), the carbapenemase-encoding genes (\n                      <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>\n                        <jats:italic>KPC<\/jats:italic>\n                      <\/jats:sub>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>\n                        <jats:italic>OXA\u221248<\/jats:italic>\n                      <\/jats:sub>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>\n                        <jats:italic>NDM<\/jats:italic>\n                      <\/jats:sub>\n                      , and\n                      <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>\n                        <jats:italic>VIM<\/jats:italic>\n                      <\/jats:sub>\n                      ), and the\n                      <jats:italic>mcr<\/jats:italic>\n                      genes for\n                      <jats:italic>mcr-1<\/jats:italic>\n                      to\n                      <jats:italic>mcr-5<\/jats:italic>\n                      .\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Result<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Bacteriological examination revealed 75\n                      <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                      isolates. PCR results revealed that one strain (1.3%) tested positive for\n                      <jats:italic>Stx1<\/jats:italic>\n                      , and five (6.6%) were positive for\n                      <jats:italic>Stx2<\/jats:italic>\n                      . Among the total 75 strains of\n                      <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                      , the overall prevalence of carbapenemase-producing\n                      <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                      was 27, with 7 carrying\n                      <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>OXA48<\/jats:sub>\n                      , 14 carrying bla\n                      <jats:sub>\n                        <jats:italic>NDM<\/jats:italic>\n                      <\/jats:sub>\n                      , and 6 carrying bla\n                      <jats:sub>\n                        <jats:italic>VIM<\/jats:italic>\n                      <\/jats:sub>\n                      . Notably, no strains were positive for\n                      <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>\n                        <jats:italic>KPC<\/jats:italic>\n                      <\/jats:sub>\n                      but a high prevalence rate of\n                      <jats:italic>mcr<\/jats:italic>\n                      genes were detected.\n                      <jats:italic>mcr-1, mcr-2, mcr-3, and mcr-4<\/jats:italic>\n                      genes were detected among 3, 2, 21, and 3 strains, respectively.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The results indicate that camels in Egypt may be a primary source of anti-microbial resistance (AMR)\n                      <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                      , which could potentially be transmitted directly to humans or through the food chain.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12866-024-03215-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,24]],"date-time":"2024-02-24T04:02:09Z","timestamp":1708747329000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Escherichia coli and their potential transmission of carbapenem and colistin-resistant genes in camels"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Marwa","family":"youseef","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fatma","family":"Karam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mona","family":"Kadry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mahmoud","family":"Elhariri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rehab","family":"Elhelw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,24]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"3215_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.3390\/vetsci10020141","volume":"10","author":"R Ashour","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ashour R, Hamza D, Kadry M, Sabry MA. 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