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This study aimed to evaluate the clinical characteristics of\n                      <jats:italic>Chlamydia psittaci<\/jats:italic>\n                      infection diagnosed based on metagenomic next-generation sequencing(mNGS), as well as the risk factors affecting the progress of\n                      <jats:italic>Chlamydia psittaci<\/jats:italic>\n                      infection, in order to improve the effect of therapeutics.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of patients infected with\n                      <jats:italic>chlamydia psittaci<\/jats:italic>\n                      in the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University from January 2021 to December 2021. The patient\u2019s past medical history, clinical manifestations, laboratory examinations, chest CT results, treatment status, and prognosis data were collected. we also investigated both the pathogenic profile characteristics and the lower respiratory tract microbiota of patients with C\n                      <jats:italic>hlamydia psittaci<\/jats:italic>\n                      pneumonia using mNGS.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      All cases of\n                      <jats:italic>Chlamydia psittaci<\/jats:italic>\n                      in our research have been confirmed by mNGS. Among 46 cases of\n                      <jats:italic>Chlamydia psittaci<\/jats:italic>\n                      pneumonia, Poultry exposure was reported in 35 cases. In severe cases of\n                      <jats:italic>Chlamydia psittaci<\/jats:italic>\n                      pneumonia, Neutrophils, Procalcitonin (PCT), Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH), Hydroxybutyrate Dehydrogenase (HBDH), Creatine Kinase Isoenzymes-B (CK-MB) and D-Dimer levels were remarkably higher than that of non-severe cases, except for lymphocytes (all\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05). Chest CT scans showed Bilateral (77.8%), multiple lobar lungs (85.2%), pleural effusions (44.4%) involvement in those suffering from severe\n                      <jats:italic>Chlamydia psittaci<\/jats:italic>\n                      pneumonia, whereas its incidence was 0%, 21.1% and 10.5% in non-severe patients, respectively (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05). Multivariate analysis revealed that higher lymphocyte concentrations (OR 0.836, 95% CI 0.714\u20130.962,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.041) were the only protective factor for survival. mNGS results indicated that 41.3% of patients (19\/46) had suspected coinfections with a coinfection rate of 84.2% (16\/19) in the severe group, much higher than that in the non severe group (\n                      <jats:italic>p\u2009&lt;<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u20090.05). No significantly different profiles of lower respiratory tract microbiota diversity were found between non severe group and severe group.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A history of poultry exposure in patients can serve as an important basis for diagnosing\n                      <jats:italic>Chlamydia psittaci<\/jats:italic>\n                      pneumonia, and patients with severe\n                      <jats:italic>Chlamydia psittaci<\/jats:italic>\n                      pneumonia are more likely to develop elevated inflammatory biomarkers as well as elevated cardiac markers. Higher lymphocyte concentrations are protective factors associated with severe\n                      <jats:italic>C. psittaci<\/jats:italic>\n                      pneumonia. The higher proportion of patients with coinfections in our study supports the use of mNGS for comprehensive early detection of respiratory infections in patients with\n                      <jats:italic>C. psittaci<\/jats:italic>\n                      pneumonia.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12866-024-03236-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,13]],"date-time":"2024-03-13T06:14:15Z","timestamp":1710310455000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Evaluation of clinical characteristics and risk factors associated with Chlamydia psittaci infection based on metagenomic next-generation sequencing"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Lei","family":"Yuan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiang","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xin Yu","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lan Min","family":"Lai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rui","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,13]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"3236_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-019-05519-y","volume":"45","author":"A Torres","year":"2019","unstructured":"Torres A, Chalmers JD, Dela Cruz CS, Domined\u00f2 C, Kollef M, Martin-Loeches I, et al. 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As this is a retrospective Cohort study based on previous clinical diagnosis and treatment results, the Ethics Committee of the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University granted the study exemption status. In addition, we declare that this study is in line with the ethical guidelines of the Declaration of Helsinki, and the patient related data is strictly confidential.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"86"}}