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Vaccines are not yet available worldwide and currently under development. In this regard, it is important to produce a whole cell antigen, with preserved structural and antigenic properties and free of chemical modifications. Thus, inactivation of <jats:italic>Coxiella burnetii<\/jats:italic> with ultraviolet light C (UVC) was evaluated. <jats:italic>C. burnetii<\/jats:italic> Nine Mile phase I (NMI) and phase II (NMII) were exposed to decreasing intensities in a time-dependent manner and viability was tested by rescue cultivation in axenic medium or cell culture. Effects on the cell structure were visualized by transmission electron microscopy and antigenicity of UVC-treated NMI was studied by immunization of rabbits. NMI and NMII were inactivated at UVC intensities of 250 \u00b5W\/cm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> for 5\u00a0min or 100 \u00b5W\/cm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> for 20\u00a0min. Reactivation by DNA repair was considered to be unlikely. No morphological changes were observed directly after UVC inactivation by transmission electron microscopy, but severe swelling and membrane degradation of bacteria with increasing severity occurred after 24 and 48\u00a0h. Immunization of rabbits resulted in a pronounced antibody response. UVC inactivation of <jats:italic>C. burnetii<\/jats:italic> resulted in a structural preserved, safe whole cell antigen and might be useful as antigen for diagnostic purposes or as vaccine candidate.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12866-024-03246-z","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,4]],"date-time":"2024-04-04T09:12:20Z","timestamp":1712221940000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Ultraviolet C inactivation of Coxiella burnetii for production of a structurally preserved whole cell vaccine antigen"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Katja","family":"Mertens-Scholz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amira A.","family":"Moawad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elisabeth M.","family":"Liebler-Tenorio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Helming","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Andrack","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Miethe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heinrich","family":"Neubauer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mathias W.","family":"Pletz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ina-Gabriele","family":"Richter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,4]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"3246_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2009.07.016","volume":"140","author":"E Angelakis","year":"2010","unstructured":"Angelakis E, Raoult D. 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