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In this study, we present a novel CAP-associated\n                      <jats:italic>A. baumannii<\/jats:italic>\n                      (CAP-AB) strain causing severe pneumonia in an afore healthy male patient without underlying conditions. Subsequently, we investigated the pathogenicity and immunogenicity of this CAP-AB strain using a mice pneumonia model.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A 58-year-old male patient with no underlying conditions experienced worsening symptoms of a productive cough, sputum, and fever that developed acutely, in just 24\u00a0h. The diagnosis was severe community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) and type-1 respiratory failure. An\n                      <jats:italic>A. baumannii<\/jats:italic>\n                      strain was isolated from his sputum and blood cultures. To gain a deeper understanding of the rapid progression of its pathology, we utilized the CAP-associated\n                      <jats:italic>A. baumannii<\/jats:italic>\n                      strain YC128, a previously obtained hospital-acquired pneumonia\n                      <jats:italic>A. baumannii<\/jats:italic>\n                      (HAP-AB) strain YC156, and a highly virulent\n                      <jats:italic>A. baumannii<\/jats:italic>\n                      control strain LAC-4 to construct a mouse pneumonia model, and subsequently compared the mortality rate of the three groups. Following inoculation with 10\n                      <jats:sup>7<\/jats:sup>\n                      \u00a0CFU of\n                      <jats:italic>A. baumannii<\/jats:italic>\n                      , the mortality rate for the YC128, LAC-4, and YC156 groups was 60% (6\/10), 30% (3\/10), and 0%, respectively. The bacterial burden within the pulmonary, liver, and spleen tissues of mice in the YC128 group was significantly higher than that of the YC156 group, and slightly higher than that of the LAC-4 group. Pathological analysis of lung tissue using HE-staining revealed that the inflammatory pathological changes in mice from the YC128 group were significantly more severe than those in the YC156 group. Additionally, CT scan images displayed more pronounced inflammation in the lungs of mice from the YC128 group compared to the YC156 group. Local levels of cytokines\/chemokines such as IL-1\u03b2, IL-6, TNF-\u03b1, and CXCL1 were assessed via RT-qPCR in lung tissues. In comparison with the YC156 strain, the highly virulent YC128 strain induced the expression of proinflammatory cytokines more rapidly and severely. Furthermore, we examined the in vitro anti-phagocytosis ability of YC128 and YC156 strains against mice peritoneal macrophages, revealing that the highly virulent YC128 isolate displayed greater resistance to macrophage uptake in contrast to YC156. Results from Whole Genome Sequencing (WGS) indicated that YC128 harbored a complete type VI secretion system (T6SS) gene cluster, while YC156 lacked the majority of genes within the T6SS gene cluster. The other virulence-related genes exhibited minimal differences between YC128 and YC156. Drawing from previous studies, we postulated that the T6SS is linked to the hypervirulence and robust anti-phagocytic ability of YC128.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This article reports on the isolation of a novel hypervirulent CAP-AB strain, YC128, from a severe CAP patient. The results demonstrate that this CAP-AB strain, YC128, is capable of inducing fatal pneumonia and extrapulmonary dissemination in a mouse pneumonia model. Moreover, this highly virulent CAP-AB strain exhibits significantly stronger anti-phagocytic abilities compared to the HAP-AB YC156 strain. Genome sequencing comparisons reveal that the heightened hypervirulence and enhanced anti-phagocytosis abilities observed in YC128 may be attributed to the presence of the T6SS.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12866-024-03264-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,1]],"date-time":"2024-04-01T07:01:43Z","timestamp":1711954903000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["A hypervirulent Acinetobacter baumannii strain has robust anti-phagocytosis ability"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Yan","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohan","family":"Jv","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuan","family":"Zhuang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xu","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoxiong","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,1]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"3264_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1111\/2049-632X.12125","volume":"71","author":"LC Antunes","year":"2014","unstructured":"Antunes LC, Visca P, Towner KJ. 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All animals in this study were handled following the standards in Ethical Principles Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals that adopted by the Fudan University of Animal Care and Use Committee guidelines. The animal protocols were approved by the Committee of Ethics in Animal Research of Fudan University School of Pharmacy (Approve number: 2021\u201302-YCRM-01).Since the strains isolated from patient\u2019s sputum and blood, the experimental protocols and informed consent were approved by Medical Ethics Committee of Yichun People\u2019s Hospital (Approve number: 2021\u2013072), in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and Ethical Guidelines on Biomedical Research Involving Human Subjects. Then, signed informed consent was obtained from the patients.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"106"}}