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These substances can be used as supplements to medicine or to strengthen their effects. The current study investigated the effect of oleuropein on the inhibition of fungal and bacterial biofilm in-vitro and at the molecular level.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Materials and methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>In this experimental study, antimicrobial properties were evaluated using microbroth dilution method. The effect of oleuropein on the formation and eradication of biofilm was assessed on 96-well flat bottom microtiter plates and their effects were observed through scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Its effect on key genes (<jats:italic>Hwp1, Als3, Epa1, Epa6, LuxS<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Pfs<\/jats:italic>) involved in biofilm formation was investigated using the quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) method.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum fungicidal\/bactericidal concentration (MFC\/MBC) for oleuropein were found to be 65\u2009mg\/ml and 130\u2009mg\/ml, respectively. Oleuropein significantly inhibited biofilm formation at MIC\/2 (32.5\u2009mg\/ml), MIC\/4 (16.25\u2009mg\/ml), MIC\/8 (8.125\u2009mg\/ml) and MIC\/16 (4.062\u2009mg\/ml) (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.0001). The anti-biofilm effect of oleuropein was confirmed by SEM. RT-qPCR indicated significant down regulation of expression genes involved in biofilm formation in <jats:italic>Candida albicans<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>Hwp1, Als3<\/jats:italic>) and <jats:italic>Candida glabrata<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>Epa1, Epa6<\/jats:italic>) as well as <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>LuxS, Pfs<\/jats:italic>) genes after culture with a MIC\/2 of oleuropein (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.0001).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The results indicate that oleuropein has antifungal and antibacterial properties that enable it to inhibit or destroy the formation of fungal and bacterial biofilm.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12866-024-03305-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,4]],"date-time":"2024-05-04T07:01:50Z","timestamp":1714806110000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Antimicrobial and anti-biofilm properties of oleuropein against Escherichia coli and fluconazole-resistant isolates of Candida albicans and Candida glabrata"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Mohammad Ali","family":"Esfandiary","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ali Reza","family":"Khosravi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sepideh","family":"Asadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Donya","family":"Nikaein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jalal","family":"Hassan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aghil","family":"Sharifzadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"3305_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rather MA, Gupta K, Mandal M. 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