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However, current treatment modalities still only alleviate IOH and do not eradicate it. Therefore, based on the differential performance of oral microecology in IOH patients, we propose a microbiota transplantation treatment aimed at restoring oral microecological balance and analyze its feasibility by oral flora colonization test in Wistar rats.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Saliva flora samples were collected from IOH patients and healthy subjects to analyze the feasibility of oral microbiota transplantation (OMT) for the treatment of IOH by the Wistar rat oral flora colonization test.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Seven patients with IOH who visited the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University from June 2017 to June 2022 with the main complaint of halitosis and three healthy subjects were randomly selected. A Halimeter portable breath detector was used to record breath values and collect saliva flora samples. Sixteen SPF-grade male Wistar rats were housed in the Animal Experiment Center of Xinjiang Medical University and randomly divided into an experimental group (Group E) and a control group (Group C) for the oral flora colonization test. Species composition and associated metabolic analysis of oral flora during the Wistar rat test using 16SrRNA sequencing technology and PICRUSt metabolic analysis. Also, the changes in the breath values of the rats were recorded during the test.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The proportion of <jats:italic>Porphyromonas<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Fusobacterium<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Leptotrichia<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>Peptostreptococcus<\/jats:italic> was significantly higher in group E compared to group C after colonization of salivary flora of IOH patients (all <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05), and the abundance with <jats:italic>Gemella<\/jats:italic> was zero before colonization, while no colonization was seen in group C after colonization compared to baseline. PICRUSt metabolic analysis also showed significantly enhanced IOH-related metabolic pathways after colonization in group E (all <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05), as well as significantly higher breath values compared to baseline and group C (all <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.0001). After colonization by salivary flora from healthy subjects, group E rats showed a decrease in the abundance of associated odor-causing bacteria colonization, a reduction in associated metabolism, and a significant decrease in breath values. In contrast, group C also showed differential changes in flora structure and breath values compared to baseline after salivary flora colonization of IOH patients.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>OMT for IOH is a promising green treatment option, but the influence of environmental factors and individual differences still cannot be ignored.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12866-024-03322-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,17]],"date-time":"2024-05-17T10:02:35Z","timestamp":1715940155000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Oral microbiota transplantation for intra-oral halitosis: a feasibility analysis based on an oral microbiota colonization trial in Wistar rats"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Zhiqiang","family":"Huang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yongbo","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"3322_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-017-2164-5","volume":"22","author":"MF Silva","year":"2018","unstructured":"Silva MF, Leite FRM, Ferreira LB, Pola NM, Scannapieco FA, Demarco FF, et al. 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The production license number is SCXK (Xin) 2018-0002. All animal work was carried out in accordance within the guidelines of the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of Xinjiang Medical University (Approval No: IACUC-20210405-14). And this study conforms to ARRIVE guidelines (). Subject Ethics approval was granted by the Ethics Committee of the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University (K202303-23). Written informed consent was obtained from all volunteer participants.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"170"}}