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The novelty lies in the characterization of KZag1, a Myovirus with specific efficacy against multidrug-resistant\n                      <jats:italic>K. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n                      strains. This highlights the significance of exploring alternative strategies, particularly phage therapy, in addressing biofilm-associated infections.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      KZag1, characterized by a typical Myovirus structure with a 75\u2009\u00b1\u20095 nm diameter icosahedral head and a 15\u2009\u00b1\u20095 nm short tail, was evaluated in experimental trials against 15 strains of\n                      <jats:italic>K. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n                      . The infection cycle duration was determined to be 50 min, resulting in an estimated burst size of approximately 83 plaque-forming units per colony-forming unit (PFU\/CFU). Stability assessments were conducted within a pH range of 4 to 12 and temperatures ranging from 45\u00b0C to 60\u00b0C. Biofilm biomass reduction was observed, particularly at a multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 10.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      KZag1 demonstrated infection efficacy against 12 out of 15 tested\n                      <jats:italic>K. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n                      strains. The phage exhibited stability across a broad pH range and at elevated temperatures. Notably, treatment with KZag1 significantly reduced\n                      <jats:italic>K. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n                      biofilm biomass, emphasizing its potential in combating biofilm formation. Genomic analysis revealed a complete genome of 157,089 base pairs with a GC content of 46.38%, encompassing 203 open reading frames (ORFs) and a cysteine-specific tRNA sequence. Comparison with phage GP4 highlighted similarities, with KZag1 having a longer genome by approximately 4829 base pairs and a higher GC content by approximately 0.93%. Phylogenetic analysis classified KZag1 within the\n                      <jats:italic>Myoviridae<\/jats:italic>\n                      family.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The efficacy of KZag1 against\n                      <jats:italic>K. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n                      biofilm suggests its potential as a therapeutic candidate, especially for drug-resistant infections. Further clinical research is warranted to explore its synergy with other treatments, elucidate genomic traits, compare with\n                      <jats:italic>Myoviridae<\/jats:italic>\n                      phages, and understand its host interactions. These findings underscore the promising role of KZag1 in addressing drug-resistant bacterial infections.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12866-024-03355-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,14]],"date-time":"2024-06-14T10:02:16Z","timestamp":1718359336000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Analysis of a new phage, KZag1, infecting biofilm of Klebsiella pneumoniae: genome sequence and characterization"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Ebtsam","family":"Saqr","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mahmoud W.","family":"Sadik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gamal","family":"El-Didamony","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmed","family":"Askora","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,14]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"3355_CR1","first-page":"49","volume":"13","author":"K Farzana","year":"2019","unstructured":"Farzana K, Rizvi M, Al-Shahrani AM. 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As this study only focused on bacterial strains and their phages alone and did not use any human material or patient information, the Review Board of the Ethics Committee of The Zagazig University Hospital exempted this study from review and waived the need for informed consent. All methods were carried out in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"<!--Emphasis Type='Bold' removed-->Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"211"}}