{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,29]],"date-time":"2026-08-29T21:11:42Z","timestamp":1788037902825,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,19]],"date-time":"2024-06-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1718755200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,19]],"date-time":"2024-06-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1718755200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Microbiol"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>This study aims to conduct an in-depth genomic analysis of a carbapenem-resistant <jats:italic>Proteus mirabilis<\/jats:italic> strain to uncover the distribution and mechanisms of its resistance genes.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The research primarily utilized whole-genome sequencing to analyze the genome of the <jats:italic>Proteus mirabilis<\/jats:italic> strain. Additionally, antibiotic susceptibility tests were conducted to evaluate the strain\u2019s sensitivity to various antibiotics, and related case information was collected to analyze the clinical distribution characteristics of the resistant strain.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Study on bacterial strain WF3430 from a tetanus and pneumonia patient reveals resistance to multiple antibiotics due to extensive use. Whole-genome sequencing exposes a 4,045,480\u00a0bp chromosome carrying 29 antibiotic resistance genes. Two multidrug-resistant (MDR) gene regions, resembling Tn<jats:italic>6577<\/jats:italic> and Tn<jats:italic>6589<\/jats:italic>, were identified (MDR Region 1: 64.83 Kb, MDR Region 2: 85.64 Kbp). These regions, consist of integrative and conjugative elements (ICE) structures, highlight the intricate multidrug resistance in clinical settings.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>This study found that a CR-PMI strain exhibits a unique mechanism for acquiring antimicrobial resistance genes, such as <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>NDM\u22121<\/jats:sub>, located on the chromosome instead of plasmids. According to the results, there is increasing complexity in the mechanisms of horizontal transmission of resistance, necessitating a comprehensive understanding and implementation of targeted control measures in both hospital and community settings.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12866-024-03365-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,19]],"date-time":"2024-06-19T03:40:29Z","timestamp":1718768429000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Genetic characteristics of chromosomally integrated carbapenemase gene (blaNDM\u22121) in isolates of Proteus mirabilis"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Qingyu","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kai","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xudong","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wanxiang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qianyu","family":"Bian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"3365_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105385","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2021.105385","volume":"163","author":"R Selmi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Selmi R, Tayh G, Srairi S, Mamlouk A, Ben Chehida F, Lahmar S, et al. Prevalence, risk factors and emergence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase producing-, carbapenem- and colistin-resistant Enterobacterales isolated from wild boar (Sus scrofa) in Tunisia. Microb Pathog. 2022;163:105385.","journal-title":"Microb Pathog"},{"key":"3365_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2022.01.012","volume":"28","author":"X Chen","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chen X, Lei CW, Liu SY, Li TY, Chen Y, Wang YT, et al. Characterisation of novel Tn7-derivatives and Tn7-like transposon found in Proteus mirabilis of food-producing animal origin in China. J Global Antimicrob Resist. 2022;28:233\u20137.","journal-title":"J Global Antimicrob Resist"},{"issue":"2","key":"3365_CR3","first-page":"162","volume":"27","author":"Z Rubic","year":"2021","unstructured":"Rubic Z, Soprek S, Jelic M, Novak A, Goic-Barisic I, Radic M, et al. Molecular characterization of beta-Lactam Resistance and Antimicrobial susceptibility to possible therapeutic options of AmpC-Producing multidrug-resistant Proteus mirabilis in a University Hospital of Split, Croatia. Microbial drug resistance (Larchmont. NY). 2021;27(2):162\u20139.","journal-title":"NY)"},{"key":"3365_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lecuru M, Nicolas-Chanoine MH, Tanaka S, Montravers P, Armand-Lefevre L, Denamur E et al. Emergence of Imipenem Resistance in a CpxA-H208P-Variant-producing Proteus mirabilis Clinical isolate. Microbial drug resistance (Larchmont, NY). 2021;27(6):747\u201351.","DOI":"10.1089\/mdr.2020.0295"},{"issue":"6","key":"3365_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"798","DOI":"10.1111\/1749-4877.12510","volume":"16","author":"Q Kang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kang Q, Wang X, Zhao J, Liu Z, Ji F, Chang H, et al. Multidrug-resistant Proteus mirabilis isolates carrying bla(OXA-1) and bla(NDM-1) from wildlife in China: increasing public health risk. Integr Zool. 2021;16(6):798\u2013809.","journal-title":"Integr Zool"},{"issue":"4","key":"3365_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0058821","DOI":"10.1128\/mSphere.00588-21","volume":"6","author":"J He","year":"2021","unstructured":"He J, Sun L, Zhang L, Leptihn S, Yu Y, Hua X. A novel SXT\/R391 integrative and conjugative element carries two copies of the blaNDM-1 gene in Proteus mirabilis. mSphere. 2021;6(4):e0058821.","journal-title":"mSphere"},{"key":"3365_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4363","DOI":"10.2147\/IDR.S337611","volume":"14","author":"M Tilahun","year":"2021","unstructured":"Tilahun M, Kassa Y, Gedefie A, Ashagire M. Emerging carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae infection, its epidemiology and Novel Treatment options: a review. Infect Drug Resist. 2021;14:4363\u201374.","journal-title":"Infect Drug Resist"},{"key":"3365_CR8","first-page":"204993612110534","volume":"8","author":"DSK Sahitya","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sahitya DSK, Jandiyal A, Jain A, Senapati J, Nanda S, Aggarwal M, et al. Prevention and management of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae in haematopoietic cell transplantation. Ther Adv Infect Dis. 2021;8:20499361211053480.","journal-title":"Ther Adv Infect Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"3365_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(21)00399-6","volume":"22","author":"M Wang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wang M, Earley M, Chen L, Hanson BM, Yu Y, Liu Z, et al. Clinical outcomes and bacterial characteristics of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae complex among patients from different global regions (CRACKLE-2): a prospective, multicentre, cohort study. Lancet Infect Dis. 2022;22(3):401\u201312.","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"3365_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.4103\/ijmr.IJMR_685_19","volume":"155","author":"P Bose","year":"2022","unstructured":"Bose P, Rangnekar A, Desikan P. NDM-beta-lactamase-1: where do we stand? Indian J Med Res. 2022;155(2):243\u201352.","journal-title":"Indian J Med Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"3365_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(16)30257-2","volume":"17","author":"H Grundmann","year":"2017","unstructured":"Grundmann H, Glasner C, Albiger B, Aanensen DM, Tomlinson CT, Andrasevi\u0107 AT, et al. Occurrence of carbapenemase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli in the European survey of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (EuSCAPE): a prospective, multinational study. Lancet Infect Dis. 2017;17(2):153\u201363.","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"3365_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0127522","DOI":"10.1128\/msystems.01275-22","volume":"8","author":"R Abe","year":"2023","unstructured":"Abe R, Akeda Y, Sugawara Y, Matsumoto Y, Motooka D, Iida T, Hamada S. Carbapenem triggers dissemination of chromosomally integrated carbapenemase genes via conjugative plasmids in Escherichia coli. mSystems. 2023;8(3):e0127522.","journal-title":"mSystems"},{"issue":"12","key":"3365_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01520-18","volume":"62","author":"N Sakamoto","year":"2018","unstructured":"Sakamoto N, et al. Genomic characterization of carbapenemase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae with chromosomally carried blaNDM-1. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2018;62(12):10\u20131128.","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"3365_CR14","unstructured":"Anonymous. 2022. Performance standards for antimicrobial susceptibility testing. 31st ed CLSI supplement M100. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute, Wayne, PA."},{"issue":"6","key":"3365_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1005595","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1005595","volume":"13","author":"RR Wick","year":"2017","unstructured":"Wick RR, Judd LM, Gorrie CL, Holt KE, Unicycler. Resolving bacterial genome assemblies from short and long sequencing reads. PLoS Comput Biol. 2017;13(6):e1005595.","journal-title":"PLoS Comput Biol"},{"key":"3365_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8365","DOI":"10.1038\/srep08365","volume":"5","author":"T Brettin","year":"2015","unstructured":"Brettin T, Davis JJ, Disz T, Edwards RA, Gerdes S, Olsen GJ, et al. RASTtk: a modular and extensible implementation of the RAST algorithm for building custom annotation pipelines and annotating batches of genomes. Sci Rep. 2015;5:8365.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"D1","key":"3365_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"D733","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkv1189","volume":"44","author":"NA O\u2019Leary","year":"2016","unstructured":"O\u2019Leary NA, Wright MW, Brister JR, Ciufo S, Haddad D, McVeigh R, et al. Reference sequence (RefSeq) database at NCBI: current status, taxonomic expansion, and functional annotation. Nucleic Acids Res. 2016;44(D1):D733\u201345.","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"3365_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang P, Jiang X, Mu K et al. DANMEL: a manually curated reference database for analyzing mobile genetic elements associated with bacterial drug resistance. mLife, 2022.","DOI":"10.1002\/mlf2.12046"},{"key":"3365_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2019.08.026","volume":"21","author":"EF Firmo","year":"2020","unstructured":"Firmo EF, Beltrao EMB, Silva F, Alves LC, Brayner FA, Veras DL, et al. Association of blaNDM-1 with blaKPC-2 and aminoglycoside-modifying enzyme genes among Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis and Serratia marcescens clinical isolates in Brazil. J Global Antimicrob Resist. 2020;21:255\u201361.","journal-title":"J Global Antimicrob Resist"},{"issue":"4","key":"3365_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"903","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkz542","volume":"75","author":"M Aires-de-Sousa","year":"2020","unstructured":"Aires-de-Sousa M, de la Ortiz JM, Goncalves ML, Costa A, Nordmann P, Poirel L. Occurrence of NDM-1-producing Morganella morganii and Proteus mirabilis in a single patient in Portugal: probable in vivo transfer by conjugation. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2020;75(4):903\u20136.","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"3365_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2019.10.025","volume":"19","author":"L Sun","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sun L, Xu J, He F. Genomic characterisation of a Proteus mirabilis clinical isolate from China carrying bla(NDM-5) on an IncX3 plasmid. J Global Antimicrob Resist. 2019;19:317\u20139.","journal-title":"J Global Antimicrob Resist"},{"key":"3365_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jean SS, Chang YC, Lin WC, Lee WS, Hsueh PR, Hsu CW. Epidemiology, treatment, and Prevention of Nosocomial bacterial pneumonia. J Clin Med. 2020;9(1).","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9010275"},{"issue":"1","key":"3365_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1093\/jpids\/piz085","volume":"9","author":"K Chiotos","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chiotos K, Hayes M, Gerber JS, Tamma PD. Treatment of Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae infections in Children. J Pediatr Infect Dis Soc. 2020;9(1):56\u201366.","journal-title":"J Pediatr Infect Dis Soc"},{"issue":"10","key":"3365_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"819","DOI":"10.1080\/14787210.2019.1673731","volume":"17","author":"R Pascale","year":"2019","unstructured":"Pascale R, Giannella M, Bartoletti M, Viale P, Pea F. Use of meropenem in treating carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae infections. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther. 2019;17(10):819\u201327.","journal-title":"Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther"},{"issue":"3","key":"3365_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1053\/j.semdp.2019.04.011","volume":"36","author":"JD Lutgring","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lutgring JD. Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae: an emerging bacterial threat. Semin Diagn Pathol. 2019;36(3):182\u20136.","journal-title":"Semin Diagn Pathol"},{"key":"3365_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lv P, Hao G, Cao Y, Cui L, Wang G, Sun S. Detection of Carbapenem Resistance of Proteus mirabilis strains isolated from foxes, raccoons and minks in China. Biology (Basel). 2022;11(2).","DOI":"10.3390\/biology11020292"},{"key":"3365_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li CA, Guo CH, Yang TY, Li FY, Song FJ, Liu BT. Whole-genome analysis of bla(NDM)-Bearing Proteus mirabilis isolates and mcr-1-Positive Escherichia coli isolates carrying bla(NDM) from the same fresh vegetables in China. Foods. 2023;12(3).","DOI":"10.3390\/foods12030492"},{"key":"3365_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"977356","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2022.977356","volume":"13","author":"Y Li","year":"2022","unstructured":"Li Y, Liu Q, Qiu Y, Fang C, Zhou Y, She J, et al. Genomic characteristics of clinical multidrug-resistant Proteus isolates from a tertiary care hospital in southwest China. Front Microbiol. 2022;13:977356.","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"issue":"12","key":"3365_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2443","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms9122443","volume":"9","author":"X Zhu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhu X, Zhang Y, Shen Z, et al. Characterization of NDM-1-producing carbapenemase in Proteus mirabilis among broilers in China[J]. Microorganisms. 2021;9(12):2443.","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"key":"3365_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2023.12.032","volume":"36","author":"L Li","year":"2024","unstructured":"Li L, Zhang Y, Guo H, Yang J, He F. Genomic insights into a bla(NDM-5)-carrying Escherichia coli ST167 isolate recovered from faecal sample of a healthy individual in China. J Global Antimicrob Resist. 2024;36:240\u20133.","journal-title":"J Global Antimicrob Resist"},{"issue":"2","key":"3365_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0215621","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.02156-21","volume":"10","author":"H Dong","year":"2022","unstructured":"Dong H, Li Y, Cheng J, Xia Z, Liu W, Yan T, Chen F, Wang Z, Li R, Shi J, Qin S. Genomic epidemiology insights on NDM-Producing pathogens revealed the pivotal role of plasmids on blaNDM Transmission. Microbiol Spectr. 2022;10(2):e0215621. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/spectrum.02156-21. Epub 2022 Feb 28. PMID: 35225688; PMCID: PMC9049954.","journal-title":"Microbiol Spectr"},{"issue":"1","key":"3365_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"dlab015","DOI":"10.1093\/jacamr\/dlab015","volume":"3","author":"P Manohar","year":"2021","unstructured":"Manohar P, Leptihn S, Lopes BS, Nachimuthu R. Dissemination of carbapenem resistance and plasmids encoding carbapenemases in Gram-negative bacteria isolated in India. JAC Antimicrob Resist. 2021;3(1):dlab015.","journal-title":"JAC Antimicrob Resist"},{"key":"3365_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2017.00133","volume":"8","author":"L Xie","year":"2017","unstructured":"Xie L, Dou Y, Zhou K, Chen Y, Han L, Guo X, Sun J. Coexistence of blaOXA-48 and truncated blaNDM-1 on different plasmids in a Klebsiella pneumoniae isolate in China. Front Microbiol. 2017;8:133.","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"key":"3365_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2024.02.015","volume":"37","author":"S Di Marcantonio","year":"2024","unstructured":"Di Marcantonio S, Perilli M, Alloggia G, Segatore B, Miconi G, Bruno G, et al. Coexistence of bla(NDM-5), bla(CTX-M-15), bla(OXA-232), bla(SHV-182) genes in multidrug-resistant K. pneumoniae ST437-carrying OmpK36 and OmpK37 porin mutations: first report in Italy. J Global Antimicrob Resist. 2024;37:24\u20137.","journal-title":"J Global Antimicrob Resist"},{"key":"3365_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119437","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2022.119437","volume":"306","author":"H Zou","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zou H, Berglund B, Wang S, Zhou Z, Gu C, Zhao L, et al. Emergence of blaNDM-1, blaNDM-5, blaKPC-2 and blaIMP-4 carrying plasmids in Raoultella spp. in the environment. Environ Pollut. 2022;306:119437.","journal-title":"Environ Pollut"},{"key":"3365_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"790","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2019.00790","volume":"10","author":"L Xiao","year":"2019","unstructured":"Xiao L, Wang X, Kong N, Cao M, Zhang L, Wei Q, et al. Polymorphisms of Gene Cassette promoters of the class 1 Integron in Clinical Proteus isolates. Front Microbiol. 2019;10:790.","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"3365_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"973","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkt456","volume":"69","author":"Q Wei","year":"2014","unstructured":"Wei Q, Hu Q, Li S, Lu H, Chen G, Shen B, et al. A novel functional class 2 integron in clinical Proteus mirabilis isolates. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2014;69(4):973\u20136.","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"issue":"3","key":"3365_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"967","DOI":"10.1007\/s00284-021-02352-9","volume":"78","author":"X Wang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wang X, Kong N, Cao M, Zhang L, Sun M, Xiao L, et al. Comparison of class 2 Integron Integrase Activities. Curr Microbiol. 2021;78(3):967\u201378.","journal-title":"Curr Microbiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"3365_CR39","first-page":"101","volume":"12","author":"M Kalantari","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kalantari M, Sharifiyazdi H, Asasi K, Abdi-Hachesoo B. High incidence of multidrug resistance and class 1 and 2 integrons in Escherichia coli isolated from broiler chickens in South of Iran. Vet Res Forum. 2021;12(1):101\u20137.","journal-title":"Vet Res Forum"},{"key":"3365_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-genet-112414-055018","volume":"49","author":"CM Johnson","year":"2015","unstructured":"Johnson CM, Grossman AD. Integrative and conjugative elements (ICEs): what they do and how they work[J]. Annu Rev Genet. 2015;49:577\u2013601.","journal-title":"Annu Rev Genet"},{"key":"3365_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1115740","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2023.1115740","volume":"14","author":"Z Zhu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhu Z, Wu S, Zhu J, Wang T, Wen Y, Yang C, et al. Emergence of Aeromonas veronii strain co-harboring bla(KPC-2), mcr-3.17, and tmexC3.2-tmexD3.3-toprJ1b cluster from hospital sewage in China. Front Microbiol. 2023;14:1115740.","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"3365_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"488","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkac418","volume":"78","author":"A Wunderlich","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wunderlich A, Xanthopoulou K, Wille J, Wohlfarth E, Gerson S, Kaase M, et al. Carbapenem resistance in Acinetobacter pittii isolates mediated by metallo-beta-lactamases. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2023;78(2):488\u201396.","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"}],"container-title":["BMC Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12866-024-03365-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12866-024-03365-7\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12866-024-03365-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,19]],"date-time":"2024-06-19T19:04:39Z","timestamp":1718823879000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcmicrobiol.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12866-024-03365-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,19]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["3365"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12866-024-03365-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2180"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2180","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,19]]},"assertion":[{"value":"17 February 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"5 June 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"19 June 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Given that all bacterial strains in this study were isolated from routine patient samples and the study did not involve any patient\u2019s private information or data on animal subjects, it was granted an exemption from requiring ethics approval by the Ethics Committee of Weifang People\u2019s Hospital. This exemption was based on the nature of the research, which focused solely on the isolated bacterial strains, negating the need for the typical ethical review processes. All participants provided written informed consent.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"216"}}