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To date, no commercial vaccine against <jats:italic>R. equi<\/jats:italic> exists. We previously screened all potential vaccine candidates from the complete genome of <jats:italic>R. equi<\/jats:italic> using a reverse vaccinology approach. Five of these candidates, namely ABC transporter substrate-binding protein (ABC transporter), penicillin-binding protein 2 (PBD2), NlpC\/P60 family protein (NlpC\/P60), esterase family protein (Esterase), and M23 family metallopeptidase (M23) were selected for the evaluation of immunogenicity and immunoprotective effects in BALB\/c mice model challenged with <jats:italic>R. equi<\/jats:italic>. The results showed that all five vaccine candidate-immunized mice experienced a significant increase in spleen antigen-specific IFN-\u03b3- and TNF-\u03b1-positive CD4\u2009+\u2009and CD8\u2009+\u2009T lymphocytes and generated robust Th1- and Th2-type immune responses and antibody responses. Two weeks after the <jats:italic>R. equi<\/jats:italic> challenge, immunization with the five vaccine candidates reduced the bacterial load in the lungs and improved the pathological damage to the lungs and livers compared with those in the control group. NlpC\/P60, Esterase, and M23 were more effective than the ABC transporter and PBD2 in inducing protective immunity against <jats:italic>R. equi<\/jats:italic> challenge in mice. In addition, these vaccine candidates have the potential to induce T lymphocyte memory immune responses in mice. In summary, these antigens are effective candidates for the development of protective vaccines against <jats:italic>R. equi<\/jats:italic>. The <jats:italic>R. equi<\/jats:italic> antigen library has been expanded and provides new ideas for the development of multivalent vaccines.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12866-024-03408-z","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,8]],"date-time":"2024-07-08T08:02:00Z","timestamp":1720425720000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Evaluation of vaccine candidates against Rhodococcus equi in BALB\/c mice infection model: cellular and humoral immune responses"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Lu","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peng","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weifang","family":"Gu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xingxun","family":"Duan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shiwen","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuelian","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuhui","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Siyuan","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guoqing","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiangyu","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kuojun","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanfeng","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tao","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongqiong","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"3408_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1186\/s12866-015-0445-1","volume":"15","author":"L Witkowski","year":"2015","unstructured":"Witkowski L, Rzewuska M, Cisek AA, Chrobak-Chmiel D, Kizerwetter-\u015awida M, Czopowicz M, et al. 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