{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T00:05:19Z","timestamp":1792800319949,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":86,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,3]],"date-time":"2024-08-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1722643200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,3]],"date-time":"2024-08-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1722643200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"The Department of scintifc reaserch at The Hashemite University\/Jordan.","id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04a1r5z94","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Microbiol"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s12866-024-03441-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,2]],"date-time":"2024-08-02T22:01:56Z","timestamp":1722636116000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Low-dose zinc oxide nanoparticles trigger the growth and biofilm formation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa: a hormetic response"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Hafez","family":"Al-Momani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Iman","family":"Aolymat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lujain","family":"Ibrahim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hadeel","family":"Albalawi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dua\u2019a","family":"Al Balawi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Borhan Aldeen","family":"Albiss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muna","family":"Almasri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sahar","family":"Alghweiri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"3441_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"913","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2019.00913","volume":"10","author":"O Ciofu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ciofu O, Tolker-Nielsen T. Tolerance and resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms to antimicrobial agents\u2014how P. Aeruginosa can escape antibiotics. Front Microbiol. 2019;10:913.","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"3441_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2018.07.003","volume":"24","author":"MW Azam","year":"2019","unstructured":"Azam MW, Khan AU. Updates on the pathogenicity status of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Drug Discovery Today. 2019;24(1):350\u20139.","journal-title":"Drug Discovery Today"},{"issue":"6","key":"3441_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1080\/17476348.2016.1177460","volume":"10","author":"H Lund-Palau","year":"2016","unstructured":"Lund-Palau H, Turnbull AR, Bush A, Bardin E, Cameron L, Soren O, et al. Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection in cystic fibrosis: pathophysiological mechanisms and therapeutic approaches. Expert Rev Respir Med. 2016;10(6):685\u201397.","journal-title":"Expert Rev Respir Med"},{"key":"3441_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2416","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.02416","volume":"9","author":"E Faure","year":"2018","unstructured":"Faure E, Kwong K, Nguyen D. Pseudomonas aeruginosa in chronic lung infections: how to adapt within the host? Front Immunol. 2018;9:2416.","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"1","key":"3441_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13104-020-4890-z","volume":"13","author":"E Kamali","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kamali E, Jamali A, Ardebili A, Ezadi F, Mohebbi A. Evaluation of antimicrobial resistance, biofilm forming potential, and the presence of biofilm-related genes among clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. BMC Res Notes. 2020;13(1):1\u20136.","journal-title":"BMC Res Notes"},{"issue":"7","key":"3441_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.12998\/wjcc.v3.i7.575","volume":"3","author":"I Castillo-Ju\u00e1rez","year":"2015","unstructured":"Castillo-Ju\u00e1rez I, Maeda T, Mandujano-Tinoco EA, Tom\u00e1s M, P\u00e9rez-Eretza B, Garc\u00eda-Contreras SJ, et al. Role of quorum sensing in bacterial infections. World J Clin Cases: WJCC. 2015;3(7):575.","journal-title":"World J Clin Cases: WJCC"},{"key":"3441_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procbio.2020.06.001","volume":"96","author":"K Brindhadevi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Brindhadevi K, LewisOscar F, Mylonakis E, Shanmugam S, Verma TN, Pugazhendhi A. Biofilm and Quorum sensing mediated pathogenicity in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Process Biochem. 2020;96:49\u201357.","journal-title":"Process Biochem"},{"key":"3441_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.2174\/1874285801711010053","volume":"11","author":"S Singh","year":"2017","unstructured":"Singh S, Singh SK, Chowdhury I, Singh R. Understanding the mechanism of bacterial biofilms resistance to antimicrobial agents. open Microbiol J. 2017;11:53.","journal-title":"open Microbiol J"},{"issue":"8","key":"3441_CR9","first-page":"1079","volume":"11","author":"R Urban-Chmiel","year":"2022","unstructured":"Urban-Chmiel R, Marek A, St\u0119pie\u0144-Py\u015bniak D, Wieczorek K, Dec M, Nowaczek A, et al. Antibiotic Resist Bacteria\u2014A Rev Antibiot. 2022;11(8):1079.","journal-title":"Antibiotic Resist Bacteria\u2014A Rev Antibiot"},{"issue":"5","key":"3441_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1515\/ntrev-2016-0054","volume":"6","author":"C Han","year":"2017","unstructured":"Han C, Romero N, Fischer S, Dookran J, Berger A, Doiron AL. Recent developments in the use of nanoparticles for treatment of biofilms. Nanatechnol Reviews. 2017;6(5):383\u2013404.","journal-title":"Nanatechnol Reviews"},{"issue":"5","key":"3441_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1447","DOI":"10.1007\/s11947-012-0797-6","volume":"5","author":"PJP Espitia","year":"2012","unstructured":"Espitia PJP, Soares NFF, Coimbra JSR, de Andrade NJ, Cruz RS, Medeiros EAA. Zinc oxide nanoparticles: synthesis, antimicrobial activity and food packaging applications. Food Bioprocess Technol. 2012;5(5):1447\u201364.","journal-title":"Food Bioprocess Technol"},{"key":"3441_CR12","first-page":"457","volume":"5","author":"P Singh","year":"2013","unstructured":"Singh P, Nanda A. Antimicrobial and antifungal potential of zinc oxide nanoparticles in comparison to conventional zinc oxide particles. J Chem Pharm Res. 2013;5:457\u201363.","journal-title":"J Chem Pharm Res"},{"issue":"21","key":"3441_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"213902","DOI":"10.1063\/1.2742324","volume":"90","author":"KM Reddy","year":"2007","unstructured":"Reddy KM, Feris K, Bell J, Wingett DG, Hanley C, Punnoose A. Selective toxicity of zinc oxide nanoparticles to prokaryotic and eukaryotic systems. Appl Phys Lett. 2007;90(21):213902.","journal-title":"Appl Phys Lett"},{"issue":"5","key":"3441_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3940","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ceramint.2016.12.062","volume":"43","author":"R Kumar","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kumar R, Umar A, Kumar G, Nalwa HS. Antimicrobial properties of ZnO nanomaterials: a review. Ceram Int. 2017;43(5):3940\u201361.","journal-title":"Ceram Int"},{"key":"3441_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s11671-020-03418-6","volume":"15","author":"B Abebe","year":"2020","unstructured":"Abebe B, Zereffa EA, Tadesse A, Murthy HA. A review on enhancing the antibacterial activity of ZnO: mechanisms and microscopic investigation. Nanoscale Res Lett. 2020;15:1\u201319.","journal-title":"Nanoscale Res Lett"},{"key":"3441_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1007\/s11051-006-9150-1","volume":"9","author":"L Zhang","year":"2007","unstructured":"Zhang L, Jiang Y, Ding Y, Povey M, York D. Investigation into the antibacterial behaviour of suspensions of ZnO nanoparticles (ZnO nanofluids). J Nanopart Res. 2007;9:479\u201389.","journal-title":"J Nanopart Res"},{"key":"3441_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1007\/s40820-015-0040-x","volume":"7","author":"A Sirelkhatim","year":"2015","unstructured":"Sirelkhatim A, Mahmud S, Seeni A, Kaus NHM, Ann LC, Bakhori SKM, et al. Review on zinc oxide nanoparticles: antibacterial activity and toxicity mechanism. Nano-micro Lett. 2015;7:219\u201342.","journal-title":"Nano-micro Lett"},{"issue":"1","key":"3441_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8148","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-12134-3","volume":"12","author":"N Babayevska","year":"2022","unstructured":"Babayevska N, Przysiecka \u0141, Iatsunskyi I, Nowaczyk G, Jarek M, Janiszewska E, et al. ZnO size and shape effect on antibacterial activity and cytotoxicity profile. Sci Rep. 2022;12(1):8148.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"3441_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s11671-015-1047-4","volume":"10","author":"B-L Guo","year":"2015","unstructured":"Guo B-L, Han P, Guo L-C, Cao Y-Q, Li A-D, Kong J-Z, et al. The antibacterial activity of Ta-doped ZnO nanoparticles. Nanoscale Res Lett. 2015;10:1\u201310.","journal-title":"Nanoscale Res Lett"},{"issue":"1","key":"3441_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1080\/10408444.2020.1726282","volume":"50","author":"S Keerthana","year":"2020","unstructured":"Keerthana S, Kumar A. Potential risks and benefits of zinc oxide nanoparticles: a systematic review. Crit Rev Toxicol. 2020;50(1):47\u201371.","journal-title":"Crit Rev Toxicol"},{"key":"3441_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sahu D, Kannan G, Vijayaraghavan R, Anand T, Khanum F. Nanosized zinc oxide induces toxicity in human lung cells. Int Sch Res Notices. 2013;2013.","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/316075"},{"key":"3441_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Marwat SK, ur Rehman F. Medicinal and pharmacological potential of harmala (Peganum harmala L.) seeds. Nuts and seeds in Health and Disease Prevention. Elsevier; 2011. pp. 585\u201399.","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-375688-6.10070-2"},{"issue":"14","key":"3441_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.4103\/0973-7847.120524","volume":"7","author":"M Moloudizargari","year":"2013","unstructured":"Moloudizargari M, Mikaili P, Aghajanshakeri S, Asghari MH, Shayegh J. Pharmacological and therapeutic effects of Peganum harmala and its main alkaloids. Pharmacogn Rev. 2013;7(14):199.","journal-title":"Pharmacogn Rev"},{"issue":"22","key":"3441_CR24","first-page":"1573","volume":"6","author":"A Jinous","year":"2012","unstructured":"Jinous A, Fereshteh R. Chemistry, pharmacology and medicinal properties of Peganum harmala L. Afr J Pharm Pharmacol. 2012;6(22):1573\u201380.","journal-title":"Afr J Pharm Pharmacol"},{"issue":"3","key":"3441_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2549","DOI":"10.20964\/2020.03.70","volume":"15","author":"B Davarnia","year":"2020","unstructured":"Davarnia B, Shahidi S-A, Karimi-Maleh H, Ghorbani-HasanSaraei A, Karimi F. Biosynthesis of Ag nanoparticle by peganum harmala extract; antimicrobial activity and ability for fabrication of quercetin food electrochemical sensor. Int J Electrochem Sci. 2020;15(3):2549\u201360.","journal-title":"Int J Electrochem Sci"},{"issue":"6799","key":"3441_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"959","DOI":"10.1038\/35023079","volume":"406","author":"C Stover","year":"2000","unstructured":"Stover C, Pham X, Erwin A, Mizoguchi S, Warrener P, Hickey M, et al. Complete genome sequence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1, an opportunistic pathogen. Nature. 2000;406(6799):959.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"1","key":"3441_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5096","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-32366-1","volume":"13","author":"H Al-Momani","year":"2023","unstructured":"Al-Momani H, Al Balawi Da, Hamed S, Albiss BA, Almasri M, AlGhawrie H, et al. The impact of biosynthesized ZnO nanoparticles from Olea europaea (Common Olive) on Pseudomonas aeruginosa growth and biofilm formation. Sci Rep. 2023;13(1):5096.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"11","key":"3441_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4125","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00208-07","volume":"51","author":"N Beckloff","year":"2007","unstructured":"Beckloff N, Laube D, Castro T, Furgang D, Park S, Perlin D, et al. Activity of an antimicrobial peptide mimetic against planktonic and biofilm cultures of oral pathogens. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2007;51(11):4125\u201332.","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"issue":"3","key":"3441_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acthis.2018.02.005","volume":"120","author":"JC Stockert","year":"2018","unstructured":"Stockert JC, Horobin RW, Colombo LL, Bl\u00e1zquez-Castro A. Tetrazolium salts and formazan products in Cell Biology: viability assessment, fluorescence imaging, and labeling perspectives. Acta Histochem. 2018;120(3):159\u201367.","journal-title":"Acta Histochem"},{"issue":"4","key":"3441_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acthis.2018.03.007","volume":"120","author":"E Grela","year":"2018","unstructured":"Grela E, Koz\u0142owska J, Grabowiecka A. Current methodology of MTT assay in bacteria\u2013A review. Acta Histochem. 2018;120(4):303\u201311.","journal-title":"Acta Histochem"},{"issue":"4","key":"3441_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1472-765X.2008.02417.x","volume":"47","author":"S Sieuwerts","year":"2008","unstructured":"Sieuwerts S, De Bok FA, Mols E, De Vos WM, van Hylckama Vlieg J. A simple and fast method for determining colony forming units. Lett Appl Microbiol. 2008;47(4):275\u20138.","journal-title":"Lett Appl Microbiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"3441_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2005.04.008","volume":"61","author":"C-C Hung","year":"2005","unstructured":"Hung C-C, Santschi PH, Gillow JB. Isolation and characterization of extracellular polysaccharides produced by Pseudomonas fluorescens Biovar II. Carbohydr Polym. 2005;61(2):141\u20137.","journal-title":"Carbohydr Polym"},{"issue":"2","key":"3441_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.3934\/microbiol.2018.2.274","volume":"4","author":"P Di Martino","year":"2018","unstructured":"Di Martino P. Extracellular polymeric substances, a key element in understanding biofilm phenotype. AIMS Microbiol. 2018;4(2):274.","journal-title":"AIMS Microbiol"},{"key":"3441_CR34","volume-title":"Pseudomonas aeruginosa as a cause of nosocomial infections. Pseudomonas aeruginosa-biofilm formation","author":"S Labovsk\u00e1","year":"2021","unstructured":"Labovsk\u00e1 S. Pseudomonas aeruginosa as a cause of nosocomial infections. Pseudomonas aeruginosa-biofilm formation. Infections and Treatments: IntechOpen; 2021."},{"issue":"12","key":"3441_CR35","first-page":"12","volume":"65","author":"Z Ali","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ali Z, Mumtaz N, Naz SA, Jabeen N, Shafique M. Multi-drug resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa: a threat of nosocomial infections in tertiary care hospitals. JPMA. 2015;65(12):12\u20136.","journal-title":"JPMA"},{"key":"3441_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vimbela GV, Ngo SM, Fraze C, Yang L, Stout DA. Antibacterial properties and toxicity from metallic nanomaterials. Int J Nanomed. 2017:3941\u201365.","DOI":"10.2147\/IJN.S134526"},{"key":"3441_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"641481","DOI":"10.3389\/fphy.2021.641481","volume":"9","author":"SV Gudkov","year":"2021","unstructured":"Gudkov SV, Burmistrov DE, Serov DA, Rebezov MB, Semenova AA, Lisitsyn AB. A mini review of antibacterial properties of ZnO nanoparticles. Front Phys. 2021;9:641481.","journal-title":"Front Phys"},{"key":"3441_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nasrollahzadeh M, Sajjadi M, Sajadi SM, Issaabadi Z. Green nanotechnology. Interface science and technology. Volume 28. Elsevier; 2019. pp. 145\u201398.","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-813586-0.00005-5"},{"issue":"03","key":"3441_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.4236\/anp.2016.53019","volume":"5","author":"AN Geraldes","year":"2016","unstructured":"Geraldes AN, da Silva AA, Leal J, Estrada-Villegas GM, Lincopan N, Katti KV, et al. Green nanotechnology from plant extracts: synthesis and characterization of gold nanoparticles. Adv Nanopart. 2016;5(03):176.","journal-title":"Adv Nanopart"},{"key":"3441_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1007\/s12011-020-02138-3","volume":"199","author":"SS Salem","year":"2021","unstructured":"Salem SS, Fouda A. Green synthesis of metallic nanoparticles and their prospective biotechnological applications: an overview. Biol Trace Elem Res. 2021;199:344\u201370.","journal-title":"Biol Trace Elem Res"},{"issue":"8","key":"3441_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"902","DOI":"10.3390\/catal11080902","volume":"11","author":"PK Dikshit","year":"2021","unstructured":"Dikshit PK, Kumar J, Das AK, Sadhu S, Sharma S, Singh S, et al. Green synthesis of metallic nanoparticles: applications and limitations. Catalysts. 2021;11(8):902.","journal-title":"Catalysts"},{"key":"3441_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115363","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mseb.2021.115363","volume":"272","author":"AD Terna","year":"2021","unstructured":"Terna AD, Elemike EE, Mbonu JI, Osafile OE, Ezeani RO. The future of semiconductors nanoparticles: synthesis, properties and applications. Mater Sci Engineering: B. 2021;272:115363.","journal-title":"Mater Sci Engineering: B"},{"issue":"10","key":"3441_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2470","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics15102470","volume":"15","author":"L Motelica","year":"2023","unstructured":"Motelica L, Vasile B-S, Ficai A, Surdu A-V, Ficai D, Oprea O-C, et al. Antibacterial activity of Zinc Oxide nanoparticles loaded with essential oils. Pharmaceutics. 2023;15(10):2470.","journal-title":"Pharmaceutics"},{"key":"3441_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"898","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jallcom.2018.12.330","volume":"783","author":"J Liu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Liu J, Wang Y, Ma J, Peng Y, Wang A. A review on bidirectional analogies between the photocatalysis and antibacterial properties of ZnO. J Alloys Compd. 2019;783:898\u2013918.","journal-title":"J Alloys Compd"},{"key":"3441_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2019.02.013","volume":"177","author":"BL da Silva","year":"2019","unstructured":"da Silva BL, Caetano BL, Chiari-Andr\u00e9o BG, Pietro RCLR, Chiavacci LA. Increased antibacterial activity of ZnO nanoparticles: influence of size and surface modification. Colloids Surf B. 2019;177:440\u20137.","journal-title":"Colloids Surf B"},{"issue":"1","key":"3441_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1186\/s12941-023-00639-2","volume":"22","author":"H Valadbeigi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Valadbeigi H, Sadeghifard N, Kaviar VH, Haddadi MH, Ghafourian S, Maleki A. Effect of ZnO nanoparticles on biofilm formation and gene expression of the toxin-antitoxin system in clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob. 2023;22(1):89.","journal-title":"Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob"},{"issue":"5","key":"3441_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics9050260","volume":"9","author":"SG Ali","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ali SG, Ansari MA, Alzohairy MA, Alomary MN, Jalal M, AlYahya S, et al. Effect of biosynthesized ZnO nanoparticles on multi-drug resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Antibiotics. 2020;9(5):260.","journal-title":"Antibiotics"},{"issue":"3","key":"3441_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1111\/lam.12456","volume":"61","author":"B Garc\u00eda-Lara","year":"2015","unstructured":"Garc\u00eda-Lara B, Saucedo\u2010Mora M, Rold\u00e1n\u2010S\u00e1nchez J, P\u00e9rez\u2010Eretza B, Ramasamy M, Lee J, et al. Inhibition of quorum\u2010sensing\u2010dependent virulence factors and biofilm formation of clinical and environmental Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains by ZnO nanoparticles. Lett Appl Microbiol. 2015;61(3):299\u2013305.","journal-title":"Lett Appl Microbiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"3441_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.15698\/mic2014.05.148","volume":"1","author":"A Zimmermann","year":"2014","unstructured":"Zimmermann A, Bauer MA, Kroemer G, Madeo F, Carmona-Gutierrez D. When less is more: hormesis against stress and disease. Microb Cell. 2014;1(5):150.","journal-title":"Microb Cell"},{"issue":"02","key":"3441_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/j.homp.2015.02.007","volume":"104","author":"EJ Calabrese","year":"2015","unstructured":"Calabrese EJ. Hormesis: principles and applications. Homeopathy. 2015;104(02):69\u201382.","journal-title":"Homeopathy"},{"key":"3441_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111300","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2020.111300","volume":"205","author":"X Li","year":"2020","unstructured":"Li X, Shi J, Sun H, Lin Z. Hormetic dose-dependent response about typical antibiotics and their mixtures on plasmid conjugative transfer of Escherichia coli and its relationship with toxic effects on growth. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2020;205:111300.","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol Environ Saf"},{"key":"3441_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"149255","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.149255","volume":"798","author":"I Iavicoli","year":"2021","unstructured":"Iavicoli I, Fontana L, Agathokleous E, Santocono C, Russo F, Vetrani I, et al. Hormetic dose responses induced by antibiotics in bacteria: a phantom menace to be thoroughly evaluated to address the environmental risk and tackle the antibiotic resistance phenomenon. Sci Total Environ. 2021;798:149255.","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"key":"3441_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2018.08.035","volume":"120","author":"E Agathokleous","year":"2018","unstructured":"Agathokleous E, Kitao M, Calabrese EJ. Human and veterinary antibiotics induce hormesis in plants: scientific and regulatory issues and an environmental perspective. Environ Int. 2018;120:489\u201395.","journal-title":"Environ Int"},{"issue":"4","key":"3441_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"dose","DOI":"10.2203\/dose-response.13-002.Migliore","volume":"11","author":"L Migliore","year":"2013","unstructured":"Migliore L, Rotini A, Thaller MC. Low doses of tetracycline trigger the E. Coli growth: a case of hormetic response. Dose-response. 2013;11(4):dose\u2013response. 13\u2009\u2013\u2009002. Migliore.","journal-title":"Dose-response"},{"issue":"8","key":"3441_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.estlett.5b00159","volume":"2","author":"Y Yang","year":"2015","unstructured":"Yang Y, Alvarez PJ. Sublethal concentrations of silver nanoparticles stimulate biofilm development. Environ Sci Technol Lett. 2015;2(8):221\u20136.","journal-title":"Environ Sci Technol Lett"},{"issue":"3","key":"3441_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms19030805","volume":"19","author":"I Iavicoli","year":"2018","unstructured":"Iavicoli I, Leso V, Fontana L, Calabrese EJ. Nanoparticle exposure and hormetic dose\u2013responses: an update. Int J Mol Sci. 2018;19(3):805.","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"3441_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijmm.2014.11.005","volume":"305","author":"W Salem","year":"2015","unstructured":"Salem W, Leitner DR, Zingl FG, Schratter G, Prassl R, Goessler W, et al. Antibacterial activity of silver and zinc nanoparticles against Vibrio cholerae and enterotoxic Escherichia coli. Int J Med Microbiol. 2015;305(1):85\u201395.","journal-title":"Int J Med Microbiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"3441_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1111\/jam.12000","volume":"114","author":"V Schacht","year":"2013","unstructured":"Schacht V, Neumann L, Sandhi S, Chen L, Henning T, Klar P, et al. Effects of silver nanoparticles on microbial growth dynamics. J Appl Microbiol. 2013;114(1):25\u201335.","journal-title":"J Appl Microbiol"},{"issue":"8","key":"3441_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4271","DOI":"10.1021\/nl301934w","volume":"12","author":"Z-m Xiu","year":"2012","unstructured":"Xiu Z-m, Zhang Q-b, Puppala HL, Colvin VL, Alvarez PJ. Negligible particle-specific antibacterial activity of silver nanoparticles. Nano Lett. 2012;12(8):4271\u20135.","journal-title":"Nano Lett"},{"issue":"1","key":"3441_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8876","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-35919-6","volume":"13","author":"H Al-Momani","year":"2023","unstructured":"Al-Momani H, Almasri M, Al Balawi DA, Hamed S, Albiss BA, Aldabaibeh N, et al. The efficacy of biosynthesized silver nanoparticles against Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates from cystic fibrosis patients. Sci Rep. 2023;13(1):8876.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"12","key":"3441_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4583","DOI":"10.1021\/es1005785","volume":"44","author":"DF Rodrigues","year":"2010","unstructured":"Rodrigues DF, Elimelech M. Toxic effects of single-walled carbon nanotubes in the development of E. Coli biofilm. Environ Sci Technol. 2010;44(12):4583\u20139.","journal-title":"Environ Sci Technol"},{"issue":"4","key":"3441_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5286","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules20045286","volume":"20","author":"A Penesyan","year":"2015","unstructured":"Penesyan A, Gillings M, Paulsen IT. Antibiotic discovery: combatting bacterial resistance in cells and in biofilm communities. Molecules. 2015;20(4):5286\u201398.","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"issue":"06","key":"3441_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"826","DOI":"10.3855\/jidc.13958","volume":"15","author":"WM Abdelraheem","year":"2021","unstructured":"Abdelraheem WM, Mohamed ES. The effect of Zinc Oxide nanoparticles on Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm formation and virulence genes expression. J Infect Developing Ctries. 2021;15(06):826\u201332.","journal-title":"J Infect Developing Ctries"},{"issue":"3","key":"3441_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1053\/jhin.2002.1309","volume":"52","author":"F Fitzpatrick","year":"2002","unstructured":"Fitzpatrick F, Humphreys H, Smyth E, Kennedy C, O\u2019Gara J. Environmental regulation of biofilm formation in intensive care unit isolates of Staphylococcus epidermidis. J Hosp Infect. 2002;52(3):212\u20138.","journal-title":"J Hosp Infect"},{"issue":"12","key":"3441_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3357","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.44.12.3357-3363.2000","volume":"44","author":"S Rachid","year":"2000","unstructured":"Rachid S, Ohlsen K, Witte W, Hacker W Jr. Effect of subinhibitory antibiotic concentrations on polysaccharide intercellular adhesin expression in biofilm-forming Staphylococcus epidermidis. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2000;44(12):3357\u201363.","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"issue":"6","key":"3441_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1723","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.02171-08","volume":"75","author":"C Perrin","year":"2009","unstructured":"Perrin C, Briandet R, Jubelin G, Lejeune P, Mandrand-Berthelot M-A, Rodrigue A, et al. Nickel promotes biofilm formation by Escherichia coli K-12 strains that produce curli. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2009;75(6):1723\u201333.","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"3441_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.2005.04941.x","volume":"59","author":"RM Landry","year":"2006","unstructured":"Landry RM, An D, Hupp JT, Singh PK, Parsek MR. Mucin\u2013Pseudomonas aeruginosa interactions promote biofilm formation and antibiotic resistance. Mol Microbiol. 2006;59(1):142\u201351.","journal-title":"Mol Microbiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"3441_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1021\/acsinfecdis.7b00170","volume":"4","author":"H Wolfmeier","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wolfmeier H, Pletzer D, Mansour SC, Hancock RE. New perspectives in biofilm eradication. ACS Infect Dis. 2018;4(2):93\u2013106.","journal-title":"ACS Infect Dis"},{"key":"3441_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2015.11.029","volume":"91","author":"J van der Heijden","year":"2016","unstructured":"van der Heijden J, Vogt SL, Reynolds LA, Pe\u00f1a-D\u00edaz J, Tupin A, Aussel L, et al. Exploring the redox balance inside gram-negative bacteria with redox-sensitive GFP. Free Radic Biol Med. 2016;91:34\u201344.","journal-title":"Free Radic Biol Med"},{"issue":"23\u201324","key":"3441_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1276","DOI":"10.1080\/15287394.2017.1376727","volume":"80","author":"C Kaweeteerawat","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kaweeteerawat C, Na Ubol P, Sangmuang S, Aueviriyavit S, Maniratanachote R. Mechanisms of antibiotic resistance in bacteria mediated by silver nanoparticles. J Toxicol Environ Health Part A. 2017;80(23\u201324):1276\u201389.","journal-title":"J Toxicol Environ Health Part A"},{"key":"3441_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Martins D, McKay G, Sampathkumar G, Khakimova M, English AM, Nguyen D. Superoxide dismutase activity confers (p) ppGpp-mediated antibiotic tolerance to stationary-phase Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 2018;115(39):9797\u2009\u2013\u2009802.","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1804525115"},{"key":"3441_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1007\/s00284-016-1043-7","volume":"73","author":"SKB Ghorbal","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ghorbal SKB, Maalej L, Chourabi K, Khefacha S, Ouzari H-I, Chatti A. Antioxidant defense mechanisms in Pseudomonas aeruginosa: role of iron-cofactored superoxide dismutase in response to UV-C radiations. Curr Microbiol. 2016;73:159\u201364.","journal-title":"Curr Microbiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"3441_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e91813","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0091813","volume":"9","author":"S Su","year":"2014","unstructured":"Su S, Panmanee W, Wilson JJ, Mahtani HK, Li Q, VanderWielen BD, et al. Catalase (KatA) plays a role in protection against anaerobic nitric oxide in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. PLoS ONE. 2014;9(3):e91813.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"9","key":"3441_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1187","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens10091187","volume":"10","author":"WS da Cruz Nizer","year":"2021","unstructured":"da Cruz Nizer WS, Inkovskiy V, Versey Z, Strempel N, Cassol E, Overhage J. Oxidative stress response in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Pathogens. 2021;10(9):1187.","journal-title":"Pathogens"},{"key":"3441_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2311","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2017.02311","volume":"8","author":"N Strempel","year":"2017","unstructured":"Strempel N, Nusser M, Neidig A, Brenner-Weiss G, Overhage J. The oxidative stress agent hypochlorite stimulates c-di-GMP synthesis and biofilm formation in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Front Microbiol. 2017;8:2311.","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"issue":"7","key":"3441_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1961","DOI":"10.1111\/1462-2920.12448","volume":"16","author":"M Fazli","year":"2014","unstructured":"Fazli M, Almblad H, Rybtke ML, Givskov M, Eberl L, Tolker-Nielsen T. Regulation of biofilm formation in P seudomonas and B urkholderia species. Environ Microbiol. 2014;16(7):1961\u201381.","journal-title":"Environ Microbiol"},{"key":"3441_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2015.11.130","volume":"544","author":"Y Xu","year":"2016","unstructured":"Xu Y, Wang C, Hou J, Dai S, Wang P, Miao L, et al. Effects of ZnO nanoparticles and Zn2\u2009+\u2009on fluvial biofilms and the related toxicity mechanisms. Sci Total Environ. 2016;544:230\u20137.","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"issue":"1","key":"3441_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfda.2014.01.005","volume":"22","author":"PP Fu","year":"2014","unstructured":"Fu PP, Xia Q, Hwang H-M, Ray PC, Yu H. Mechanisms of nanotoxicity: generation of reactive oxygen species. J food drug Anal. 2014;22(1):64\u201375.","journal-title":"J food drug Anal"},{"issue":"1","key":"3441_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1186\/s11671-020-03344-7","volume":"15","author":"Z Yu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Yu Z, Li Q, Wang J, Yu Y, Wang Y, Zhou Q, et al. Reactive oxygen species-related nanoparticle toxicity in the biomedical field. Nanoscale Res Lett. 2020;15(1):115.","journal-title":"Nanoscale Res Lett"},{"key":"3441_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102495","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cis.2021.102495","volume":"295","author":"TA Singh","year":"2021","unstructured":"Singh TA, Sharma A, Tejwan N, Ghosh N, Das J, Sil PC. A state of the art review on the synthesis, antibacterial, antioxidant, antidiabetic and tissue regeneration activities of zinc oxide nanoparticles. Adv Colloid Interface Sci. 2021;295:102495.","journal-title":"Adv Colloid Interface Sci"},{"key":"3441_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102323","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mib.2023.102323","volume":"73","author":"A Kamat","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kamat A, Badrinarayanan A. SOS-independent bacterial DNA damage responses: diverse mechanisms, unifying function. Curr Opin Microbiol. 2023;73:102323.","journal-title":"Curr Opin Microbiol"},{"key":"3441_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ahmed MN, Porse A, Sommer MOA, H\u00f8iby N, Ciofu O. Evolution of antibiotic resistance in biofilm and planktonic Pseudomonas aeruginosa populations exposed to subinhibitory levels of ciprofloxacin. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2018;62(8). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/aac. 00320\u2009\u2013\u200918.","DOI":"10.1128\/aac"},{"issue":"2","key":"3441_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1042\/BST20190364","volume":"48","author":"MS Vincent","year":"2020","unstructured":"Vincent MS, Uphoff S. Bacterial phenotypic heterogeneity in DNA repair and mutagenesis. Biochem Soc Trans. 2020;48(2):451\u201362.","journal-title":"Biochem Soc Trans"},{"issue":"8","key":"3441_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro.2017.42","volume":"15","author":"RA Fisher","year":"2017","unstructured":"Fisher RA, Gollan B, Helaine S. Persistent bacterial infections and persister cells. Nat Rev Microbiol. 2017;15(8):453\u201364.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"3441_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13213-020-01552-1","volume":"70","author":"J Dawan","year":"2020","unstructured":"Dawan J, Wei S, Ahn J. Role of antibiotic stress in phenotypic switching to persister cells of antibiotic-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Ann Microbiol. 2020;70(1):1\u20138.","journal-title":"Ann Microbiol"},{"issue":"6318","key":"3441_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"aaf4268","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aaf4268","volume":"354","author":"A Harms","year":"2016","unstructured":"Harms A, Maisonneuve E, Gerdes K. Mechanisms of bacterial persistence during stress and antibiotic exposure. Science. 2016;354(6318):aaf4268.","journal-title":"Science"}],"container-title":["BMC Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12866-024-03441-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12866-024-03441-y\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12866-024-03441-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,2]],"date-time":"2024-08-02T23:38:52Z","timestamp":1722641932000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcmicrobiol.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12866-024-03441-y"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,3]]},"references-count":86,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["3441"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12866-024-03441-y","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2180"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2180","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"22 February 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"25 July 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"3 August 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Ethical approval for this study was given by the ethics service committees from Hashemite University and Prince Hamza Hospital (Ref No. 710\/2019\u20132020). The experiments were carried out in keeping with pertinent legislation. All patients with CF from whom clinical isolates of <i>P. aeruginosa<\/i> were obtained gave informed consent.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"290"}}