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We aimed to investigate the pathogenic potential of these isolates in relation to ocular surface health. To this end, we performed whole genome sequencing in combination with biochemical, enzymatic, and antibiotic susceptibility tests. In addition, we employed deferred growth inhibition assays to examine how\n                      <jats:italic>Corynebacterium<\/jats:italic>\n                      isolates may impact the growth of potentially competing microorganisms including the ocular pathogens\n                      <jats:italic>Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                      , as well as other\n                      <jats:italic>Corynebacterium<\/jats:italic>\n                      present on the eye.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The 23 isolates were found to belong to 8 different species of\n                      <jats:italic>Corynebacterium<\/jats:italic>\n                      with genomes ranging from 2.12 mega base pairs in a novel\n                      <jats:italic>Corynebacterium<\/jats:italic>\n                      sp. to 2.65 mega base pairs in\n                      <jats:italic>C. bovis.<\/jats:italic>\n                      Whole genome sequencing revealed the presence of a range of antimicrobial targets present in all isolates. Pangenome analysis showed the presence of 516 core genes and that the pangenome is open. Phenotypic characterization showed variously urease, lipase, mucinase, protease and DNase activity in some isolates. Attention was\u00a0particularly drawn to  a potentially new or novel\n                      <jats:italic>Corynebacterium<\/jats:italic>\n                      species which had the smallest genome, and which produced a range of hydrolytic enzymes. Strikingly the isolate inhibited in vitro the growth of a range of possible pathogenic bacteria as well as other\n                      <jats:italic>Corynebacterium<\/jats:italic>\n                      isolates. The majority of\n                      <jats:italic>Corynebacterium<\/jats:italic>\n                      species included in this study did not seem to possess canonical pathogenic activity.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This study is the first reported genomic and biochemical characterization of ocular\n                      <jats:italic>Corynebacterium.<\/jats:italic>\n                      A number of potential virulence factors were identified which may have direct relevance for ocular health and contribute to the finding of our previous report on the ocular microbiome, where it was shown that DNA libraries were often dominated by members of this genus. Particularly interesting in this regard was the observation that some\n                      <jats:italic>Corynebacterium<\/jats:italic>\n                      , particularly new or novel\n                      <jats:italic>Corynebacterium<\/jats:italic>\n                      sp. can inhibit the growth of other ocular\n                      <jats:italic>Corynebacterium<\/jats:italic>\n                      as well as known pathogens of the eye.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12866-024-03517-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,28]],"date-time":"2024-09-28T00:02:00Z","timestamp":1727481720000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Whole genome sequencing and characterization of Corynebacterium isolated from the healthy and dry eye ocular surface"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Maria","family":"Naqvi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tor P.","family":"Utheim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Colin","family":"Charnock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"3517_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2016.04.023","volume":"48","author":"A Tauch","year":"2016","unstructured":"Tauch A, Fern\u00e1ndez-Natal I, Soriano F. 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Informed consent was obtained from all participants. No new approval was required for this study.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"MN and CC declare that they have no conflicts of interest.TPU: Irrespective of any potential conflicts of interest, for the sake of transparency, Tor Paaske Utheim is co-founder and co-owner of The Norwegian dry eye clinic and the Clinic of eye health, Oslo, Norway, which delivers talks for and\/or receives financial support from the following: ABIGO, Alcon, Allergan, AMWO, Bausch&Lomb, Bayer, European school for advanced studies in ophthalmology, InnZ Medical, Medilens Nordic, Medistim, Novartis, Santen, Specsavers, Shire Pharmaceuticals and Thea Laboratories. He has served on the global scientific advisory board for Novartis and Alcon as well as the European advisory board for Shire Pharmaceuticals. Utheim is the Norwegian Global Ambassador for Tear Film and Ocular Surface Society (TFOS), a Board Member of the International Ocular Surface Society, an International Member of the Japanese Lid and Meibomian gland working group (LIME), a Consultant at the Norwegian Association for the Blind and Partially Sighted, the President of the Oslo Society of ophthalmology, and the Editor-in-Chief of Oftalmolog, an eye journal distributed to all eye doctors in the Nordic region since 1980. Besides publishing articles of presumed interest to our readers, Oftalmolog publishes advertisements from pharmaceutical companies, companies selling ophthalmological equipment, and associations organizing conferences and events in ophthalmology. For more information, visit: oftalmolog.com.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"368"}}