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Bacteriophages have been explored as a promising approach for controlling bacterial growth in different matrices. Moreover, their specific interaction and self-replication, put them apart from traditional methods for controlling bacteria in different matrices.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Sixteen <jats:italic>Enterobacter cloacae<\/jats:italic> strains were recovered from raw chicken. These strains were used to isolate bacteriophages using enrichment protocol. The broad-spectrum bacteriophage was evaluated in terms of thermal, pH, shearing stress and storge. Moreover, its infection kinetics, in vitro antibacterial activity, cytotoxicity were also assessed. Genomic sequencing was performed to exclude any potential virulence or resistance genes. Finally, the capability of the isolated phages to control bacterial growth in different chicken samples was assessed alone and in combination with sodium nitrite.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The lytic bacteriophage vB_EclM_HK6 was isolated and showed the broadest spectrum being able to infect 8\/16 <jats:italic>E. cloacae<\/jats:italic> strains with a lytic activity against its host strain, <jats:italic>E. cloacae<\/jats:italic> EC21, as low as MOI of 10<jats:sup>\u20136<\/jats:sup>. The phage displays a latent period of 10 min and burst size of 115\u2009\u00b1\u200944 and resistance frequency of 5.7\u2009\u00d7\u200910<jats:sup>\u20134<\/jats:sup>\u2009\u00b1\u20093.0\u2009\u00d7\u200910<jats:sup>\u20134<\/jats:sup>. Stability assessment revealed a thermal tolerance up to 60 \u02daC, wide range pH stability (3\u201310) and the ability to withstand shearing stress up to 250 rpm. HK6 shows no cytotoxicity against oral epithelial cells up to 10<jats:sup>12<\/jats:sup> PFU\/ml. Genomic analysis revealed a Strabovirus with total size of 177,845 bp that is free from known resistance and virulence genes. Finally, HK6 pretreatment of raw chicken, chicken nuggets and ready-made cheese salad shows a reduced bacterial count up to 4.6, 2.96 and 2.81 log-units, respectively. Moreover, combing HK6 with sodium nitrite further improved the antibacterial activity in both raw chicken and chicken nuggets without significant enhancement in case of cheese salad.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Enterobacter bacteriophage vB_EclM_HK6 presents a safe and effective approach for controlling <jats:italic>E. cloacae<\/jats:italic> contaminating stored chicken food samples. Moreover, they could be combined with a reduced concentrations of sodium nitrite to improve the killing capacity.\n<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12866-024-03541-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,15]],"date-time":"2024-10-15T02:01:52Z","timestamp":1728957712000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Characterization and genomic analysis of the lytic bacteriophage vB_EclM_HK6 as a potential approach to biocontrol the spread of Enterobacter cloacae contaminating food"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Hasnaa R.","family":"Temsaah","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmed F.","family":"Azmy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amr E.","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hend Ali","family":"Elshebrawy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nahed Gomaa","family":"Kasem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fatma A.","family":"El-Gohary","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C\u00e9dric","family":"Lood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rob","family":"Lavigne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karim","family":"Abdelkader","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"3541_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apjtb.2015.05.001","volume":"5","author":"HA Khan","year":"2015","unstructured":"Khan HA, Ahmad A, Mehboob R. 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