{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,31]],"date-time":"2026-10-31T07:29:53Z","timestamp":1793431793673,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,11]],"date-time":"2025-01-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1736553600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,11]],"date-time":"2025-01-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1736553600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Microbiol"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s12866-024-03727-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,11]],"date-time":"2025-01-11T07:37:54Z","timestamp":1736581074000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Comparative study of phenotypic and genotypic expression of virulence factors in colonizing and pathogenic carbapenem resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB)"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Swati","family":"Sharma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kamal","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ashish","family":"Chaurasiya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tuhina","family":"Banerjee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Royana","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ghanshyam","family":"Yadav","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ashok","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"3727_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1249","DOI":"10.2147\/IDR.S166750","volume":"11","author":"M Asif","year":"2018","unstructured":"Asif M, Alvi IA, Ur Rehman S. Insight into Acinetobacter baumannii: Pathogenesis, global resistance, mechanisms of resistance, treatment options, and alternative modalities. Infect Drug Resist. 2018;11:1249\u201360.","journal-title":"Infect Drug Resist"},{"key":"3727_CR2","unstructured":"Tacconelli E, Carrara E, Savoldi A, Kattula D, Burkert F. Global priority list of antibiotic-resistant bacteria to guide research, discovery, and development of new antibiotics."},{"key":"3727_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"861","DOI":"10.2147\/IDR.S163944","volume":"11","author":"A Mart\u00edn-Aspas","year":"2018","unstructured":"Mart\u00edn-Aspas A, Guerrero-S\u00e1nchez FM, Garc\u00eda-Colchero F, Rodr\u00edguez-Roca S, Gir\u00f3n-Gonz\u00e1lez JA. Differential characteristics of Acinetobacter baumannii colonization and infection: risk factors, clinical picture, and mortality. Infect Drug Resist. 2018;11:861\u201372.","journal-title":"Infect Drug Resist"},{"key":"3727_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.4066\/AMJ.2013.1901","volume":"6","author":"V Sivaranjani","year":"2013","unstructured":"Sivaranjani V, Umadevi S, Srirangaraj S, Kali A, Seetha KS. Multi-drug resistant Acinetobacter species from various clinical samples in a tertiary care hospital from South India. Australasian Med J. 2013;6:697\u2013700.","journal-title":"Australasian Med J"},{"key":"3727_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Boone RL, Whitehead B, Avery TM, Lu J, Francis JD, Guevara MA et al. Analysis of virulence phenotypes and antibiotic resistance in clinical strains of Acinetobacter baumannii isolated in Nashville, Tennessee. BMC Microbiol. 2021;21.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12866-020-02082-1"},{"key":"3727_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1080\/1040841X.2019.1600472","volume":"45","author":"S Skariyachan","year":"2019","unstructured":"Skariyachan S, Taskeen N, Ganta M, Venkata Krishna B. Recent perspectives on the virulent factors and treatment options for multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii. Crit Rev Microbiol. 2019;45:315\u201333.","journal-title":"Crit Rev Microbiol"},{"key":"3727_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zeighami H, Valadkhani F, Shapouri R, Samadi E, Haghi F. Virulence characteristics of multidrug resistant biofilm forming Acinetobacter baumannii isolated from intensive care unit patients. BMC Infect Dis. 2019;19.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-019-4272-0"},{"key":"3727_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sheldon JR, Skaar EP. Acinetobacter baumannii can use multiple siderophores for iron acquisition, but only acinetobactin is required for virulence. PLoSPathog. 2020;16.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1008995"},{"key":"3727_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2574","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00065-13","volume":"81","author":"BA Eijkelkamp","year":"2013","unstructured":"Eijkelkamp BA, Stroeher UH, Hassan KA, Elbourne LDH, Paulsen IT, Brown MH. H-NS plays a role in expression of Acinetobacter baumannii virulence features. Infect Immun. 2013;81:2574\u201383.","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"3727_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sharma S, Das A, Banerjee T, Barman H, Yadav G, Kumar A. Adaptations of carbapenem resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB) in the hospital environment causing sustained outbreak. J Med Microbiol. 2021;70.","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.001345"},{"key":"3727_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1079","DOI":"10.1089\/mdr.2022.0088","volume":"28","author":"S Sharma","year":"2022","unstructured":"Sharma S, Das A, Garg R, Pramanik S, Marndi P, Singh R, et al. Reservoir of Carbapenem-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii in the Hospital Environment and colonization pressure: a surveillance-based study in Indian Intensive Care Unit. Microb Drug Resist. 2022;28:1079\u201386.","journal-title":"Microb Drug Resist"},{"key":"3727_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sharma S, Banerjee T, Yadav G, Kumar A. Susceptibility profile of Bla OXA-23 and metallo-\u03b2-lactamases co-harbouring isolates of carbapenem resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB) against standard drugs and combinations. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2023;12.","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2022.1068840"},{"key":"3727_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"628","DOI":"10.1089\/mdr.2020.0023","volume":"27","author":"S Sharma","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sharma S, Banerjee T, Yadav G, Palandurkar K. Mutations at Novel sites in pmrA\/B and lpxA\/D genes and absence of reduced fitness in Colistin-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii from a Tertiary Care Hospital, India. Microb Drug Resist. 2020;27:628\u201336.","journal-title":"Microb Drug Resist"},{"key":"3727_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e65","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2015.12.012","volume":"44","author":"C Greene","year":"2016","unstructured":"Greene C, Vadlamudi G, Newton D, Foxman B, Xi C. The influence of biofilm formation and multidrug resistance on environmental survival of clinical and environmental isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii. Am J Infect Control. 2016;44:e65\u201371.","journal-title":"Am J Infect Control"},{"key":"3727_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jawad A, Seifert H, Snelling AM, Heritage J, Hawkey PM. Survival of Acinetobacter baumannii on Dry surfaces. Comparison of Outbreak and Sporadic Isolates; 1998.","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.36.7.1938-1941.1998"},{"key":"3727_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3867","DOI":"10.2147\/IDR.S228981","volume":"12","author":"M Amin","year":"2019","unstructured":"Amin M, Navidifar T, Shooshtari FS, Rashno M, Savari M, Jahangirmehr F, et al. Association between biofilm formation, structure, and the expression levels of genes related to biofilm formation and biofilm-specific resistance of Acinetobacter baumannii strains isolated from burn infection in Ahvaz, Iran. Infect Drug Resist. 2019;12:3867\u201381.","journal-title":"Infect Drug Resist"},{"key":"3727_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Harding CM, Tracy EN, Carruthers MD, Rather PN, Actis LA, Munson RS. Acinetobacter baumannii strain M2 produces type IV Pili which play a role in natural transformation and twitching motility but not surface-associated motility. mBio. 2013;4.","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.00360-13"},{"key":"3727_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jacobs AC, Thompson MG, Black CC, Kessler JL, Clark LP, McQueary CN et al. AB5075, a highly virulent isolate of Acinetobacter baumannii, as a model strain for the evaluation of pathogenesis and antimicrobial treatments. mBio. 2014;5.","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.01076-14"},{"key":"3727_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chapartegui-Gonz\u00e1lez I, L\u00e1zaro-D\u00edez M, Bravo Z, Navas J, Icardo JM, Ramos-Vivas J. Acinetobacter baumannii maintains its virulence after long-time starvation. PLoS ONE. 2018;13.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0201961"},{"key":"3727_CR20","first-page":"121","volume":"19","author":"R Thummeepak","year":"2016","unstructured":"Thummeepak R, Kongthai P, Leungtongkam U, Sitthisak S. Distribution of virulence genes involved in biofilm formation in multi-drug resistant Acinetobacter baumannii clinical isolates. Int Microbiol. 2016;19:121\u20139.","journal-title":"Int Microbiol"},{"key":"3727_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ghasemi E, Ghalavand Z, Goudarzi H, Yeganeh F, Hashemi A, Dabiri H et al. Phenotypic and genotypic investigation of biofilm formation in clinical and environmental isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii. Arch Clin Infect Dis. 2018;13.","DOI":"10.5812\/archcid.12914"},{"key":"3727_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang YC, Huang TW, Yang YS, Kuo SC, Chen CT, Liu CP et al. Biofilm formation is not associated with worse outcome in Acinetobacter baumannii bacteraemic pneumonia. Sci Rep. 2018;8:7289.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-25661-9"},{"key":"3727_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2434","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.475808","volume":"22","author":"C Pesavento","year":"2008","unstructured":"Pesavento C, Becker G, Sommerfeldt N, Possling A, Tschowri N, Mehlis A, et al. Inverse regulatory coordination of motility and curli-mediated adhesion in Escherichia coli. Genes Dev. 2008;22:2434\u201346.","journal-title":"Genes Dev"},{"key":"3727_CR24","unstructured":"Coggan KA, Wolfgang MC. P. Aeruginosa Environmental Lifestyle and Virulence 47 Global Regulatory Pathways and Cross-talk Control Pseudomonas aeruginosa Environmental Lifestyle and Virulence Phenotype."},{"key":"3727_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.RA118.005814","volume":"294","author":"LA Ronish","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ronish LA, Lillehoj E, Fields JK, Sundberg EJ, Piepenbrink KH. The structure of PilA from Acinetobacter baumannii AB5075 suggests a mechanism for functional specialization in Acinetobacter type IV pili. J Biol Chem. 2019;294:218\u201330.","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"3727_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nie D, Hu Y, Chen Z, Li M, Hou Z, Luo X et al. Outer membrane protein A (OmpA) as a potential therapeutic target for Acinetobacter baumannii infection. J Biomed Sci. 2020;27.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12929-020-0617-7"}],"container-title":["BMC Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12866-024-03727-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12866-024-03727-1\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12866-024-03727-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,11]],"date-time":"2025-01-11T08:02:18Z","timestamp":1736582538000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcmicrobiol.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12866-024-03727-1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,11]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["3727"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12866-024-03727-1","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2180"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2180","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"9 October 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"23 December 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"11 January 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The study was approved by the Institute ethical committee (No. Dean\/2018\/EC\/321). The given ethics committee waived the need for written consent since the study included bacterial isolates from previous published articles.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not Applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"13"}}