{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,4]],"date-time":"2026-11-04T07:42:38Z","timestamp":1793778158001,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":81,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,5]],"date-time":"2025-02-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738713600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,5]],"date-time":"2025-02-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738713600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100020771","name":"Young Scientists Fund of the National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["No. 82003436"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. 82003436"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100020771","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"the \u2018twelfth five-year-plan\u2019 in National Support Program for Science and Technology for rural development in China","award":["No. 2011BAD26B02"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. 2011BAD26B02"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["No. 31472128"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. 31472128"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Microbiol"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s12866-025-03776-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,5]],"date-time":"2025-02-05T06:00:47Z","timestamp":1738735247000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Antimicrobial peptide AP2 ameliorates Salmonella Typhimurium infection by modulating gut microbiota"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Lianglan","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiufen","family":"Mo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi","family":"Wan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuanhao","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weiqin","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weifen","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,5]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"3776_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-065X.2010.00999.x","volume":"240","author":"G Dougan","year":"2011","unstructured":"Dougan G, John V, Palmer S, Mastroeni P. Immunity to salmonellosis. Immunol Rev. 2011;240(1):196\u2013210. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1600-065X.2010.00999.x","journal-title":"Immunol Rev"},{"issue":"11","key":"3776_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6896","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.03628-14","volume":"58","author":"S Maiti","year":"2014","unstructured":"Maiti S, Patro S, Purohit S, Jain S, Senapati S, Dey N. Effective Control of Salmonella Infections by employing combinations of recombinant Antimicrobial Human \u03b2-Defensins hBD-1 and hBD-2. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2014;58(11):6896\u2013903. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/aac.03628-14","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"issue":"1","key":"3776_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"230312","DOI":"10.1098\/rsob.230312","volume":"14","author":"M Koczerka","year":"2024","unstructured":"Koczerka M, Lantier I, Morillon M, Deperne J, Clamagirand CD, Virlogeux-Payant I, et al. From intestine to beyond: Salmonella entry factors display distinct transcription pattern upon infection in murine models. Open Biol. 2024;14(1):230312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/rsob.230312","journal-title":"Open Biol"},{"issue":"1","key":"3776_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1007\/s41745-020-00218-w","volume":"101","author":"H Kumar","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kumar H, Ananthanarayanan V. Friend or foe? The role of the Host Cytoskeleton in Cellular responses to bacterial pore forming toxins. J Indian Inst Sci. 2021;101(1):63\u201371. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s41745-020-00218-w","journal-title":"J Indian Inst Sci"},{"issue":"8","key":"3776_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3170","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.00272-09","volume":"77","author":"S Voedisch","year":"2009","unstructured":"Voedisch S, Koenecke C, David S, Herbrand H, F\u00f6Rster R, Rhen M, et al. Mesenteric lymph nodes confine dendritic cell-mediated dissemination of <\u2009i\u2009>\u2009Salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium and limit systemic disease in mice. Infect Immun. 2009;77(8):3170\u201380. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/iai.00272-09","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"3776_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2011.00088","volume":"2","author":"K Hallstrom","year":"2011","unstructured":"Hallstrom K, McCormick B. Salmonella Interaction with and passage through the intestinal mucosa: through the Lens of the Organism. Front Microbiol. 2011;2:88. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmicb.2011.00088","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"key":"3776_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"906238","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2022.906238","volume":"13","author":"S M\u00e9nard","year":"2022","unstructured":"M\u00e9nard S, Lacroix-Lamand\u00e9 S, Ehrhardt K, Yan J, Grassl GA, Wiedemann A. Cross-talk between the intestinal epithelium and Salmonella Typhimurium. Front Microbiol. 2022;13:906238. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmicb.2022.906238","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"key":"3776_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Su Y, Sun T, Gao J, Zhang C, Liu X, Bi C, et al. Anti-proteolytic peptide R7I protects the intestinal barrier and alleviates fatty acid malabsorption in Salmonella typhimurium-infected mice. Int J Mol Sci. 2023;24(22). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms242216409","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms242216409"},{"issue":"1","key":"3776_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103180","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psj.2023.103180","volume":"103","author":"\u0130 Polat","year":"2024","unstructured":"Polat \u0130, \u015een B, Onurda\u011f FK. Salmonella enterica serotypes isolated for the first time in laying hens, and their susceptibility to antibiotics. Poult Sci. 2024;103(1):103180. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.psj.2023.103180","journal-title":"Poult Sci"},{"key":"3776_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijfoodmicro.2016.07.017","volume":"236","author":"DT Nguyen","year":"2016","unstructured":"Nguyen DT, Kanki M, Nguyen PD, Le HT, Ngo PT, Tran DN, et al. Prevalence, antibiotic resistance, and extended-spectrum and AmpC \u03b2-lactamase productivity of Salmonella isolates from raw meat and seafood samples in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. Int J Food Microbiol. 2016;236:115\u201322. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijfoodmicro.2016.07.017","journal-title":"Int J Food Microbiol"},{"key":"3776_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"167189","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.167189","volume":"905","author":"AL Kraft","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kraft AL, Wells JE, Frye JG, Ibekwe AM, Durso LM, Hiott L, et al. A comparison of methods to detect low levels of Salmonella enterica in surface waters to support antimicrobial resistance surveillance efforts performed in multiple laboratories. Sci Total Environ. 2023;905:167189. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.167189","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"issue":"8","key":"3776_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2532","DOI":"10.1007\/s13197-017-2698-1","volume":"54","author":"B Anukampa, Shagufta","year":"2017","unstructured":"Anukampa, Shagufta B, Sivakumar M, Kumar S, Agarwal RK, Bhilegaonkar KN, et al. Antimicrobial resistance and typing of Salmonella isolated from street vended foods and associated environment. J Food Sci Technol. 2017;54(8):2532\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13197-017-2698-1","journal-title":"J Food Sci Technol"},{"issue":"6","key":"3776_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1057","DOI":"10.1038\/s41564-019-0407-8","volume":"4","author":"EM Velazquez","year":"2019","unstructured":"Velazquez EM, Nguyen H, Heasley KT, Saechao CH, Gil LM, Rogers AWL, et al. Endogenous Enterobacteriaceae underlie variation in susceptibility to Salmonella infection. Nat Microbiol. 2019;4(6):1057\u201364. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41564-019-0407-8","journal-title":"Nat Microbiol"},{"key":"3776_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16215","DOI":"10.1038\/nmicrobiol.2016.215","volume":"2","author":"S Brugiroux","year":"2016","unstructured":"Brugiroux S, Beutler M, Pfann C, Garzetti D, Ruscheweyh HJ, Ring D, et al. Genome-guided design of a defined mouse microbiota that confers colonization resistance against Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium. Nat Microbiol. 2016;2:16215. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nmicrobiol.2016.215","journal-title":"Nat Microbiol"},{"issue":"42","key":"3776_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17480","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1107857108","volume":"108","author":"P Thiennimitr","year":"2011","unstructured":"Thiennimitr P, Winter SE, Winter MG, Xavier MN, Tolstikov V, Huseby DL, et al. Intestinal inflammation allows\u2009<\u2009i\u2009>\u2009Salmonella to use ethanolamine to compete with the microbiota. Proc Natl Acad Sci. 2011;108(42):17480\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.1107857108","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"3776_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mib.2011.10.002","volume":"15","author":"P Thiennimitr","year":"2012","unstructured":"Thiennimitr P, Winter SE, B\u00e4umler AJ. Salmonella, the host and its microbiota. Curr Opin Microbiol. 2012;15(1):108\u201314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mib.2011.10.002","journal-title":"Curr Opin Microbiol"},{"key":"3776_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-13-3588-4_1","volume":"1117","author":"M Zasloff","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zasloff M. Antimicrobial peptides of multicellular organisms: my perspective. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2019;1117:3\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-981-13-3588-4_1","journal-title":"Adv Exp Med Biol"},{"key":"3776_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Vanzolini T, Bruschi M, Rinaldi AC, Magnani M, Fraternale A. Multitalented synthetic antimicrobial peptides and their antibacterial, antifungal and antiviral mechanisms. Int J Mol Sci. 2022;23(1). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms23010545","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23010545"},{"issue":"3","key":"3776_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro1098","volume":"3","author":"KA Brogden","year":"2005","unstructured":"Brogden KA. Antimicrobial peptides: pore formers or metabolic inhibitors in bacteria? Nat Rev Microbiol. 2005;3(3):238\u201350. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrmicro1098","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"3776_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2014.11.003","volume":"45","author":"GM Wassing","year":"2015","unstructured":"Wassing GM, Bergman P, Lindbom L, van der Does AM. Complexity of antimicrobial peptide regulation during pathogen-host interactions. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2015;45(5):447\u201354. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2014.11.003","journal-title":"Int J Antimicrob Agents"},{"issue":"6218","key":"3776_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1260580","volume":"347","author":"TW Cullen","year":"2015","unstructured":"Cullen TW, Schofield WB, Barry NA, Putnam EE, Rundell EA, Trent MS, et al. Antimicrobial peptide resistance mediates resilience of prominent gut commensals during inflammation. Science. 2015;347(6218):170\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.1260580","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"26","key":"3776_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2300472","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202300472","volume":"10","author":"JT Mhlongo","year":"2023","unstructured":"Mhlongo JT, Waddad AY, Albericio F, de la Torre BG. Antimicrobial peptide synergies for fighting infectious diseases. Adv Sci (Weinh). 2023;10(26):e2300472. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/advs.202300472","journal-title":"Adv Sci (Weinh)"},{"issue":"4","key":"3776_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2023","DOI":"10.1021\/acsabm.3c01104","volume":"7","author":"I Mehraj","year":"2024","unstructured":"Mehraj I, Hamid A, Gani U, Iralu N, Manzoor T, Saleem Bhat S. Combating Antimicrobial Resistance by employing antimicrobial peptides: Immunomodulators and Therapeutic agents against Infectious diseases. ACS Appl Bio Mater. 2024;7(4):2023\u201335. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acsabm.3c01104","journal-title":"ACS Appl Bio Mater"},{"key":"3776_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-immunol-070119-115104","volume":"38","author":"H Kayama","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kayama H, Okumura R, Takeda K. Interaction between the Microbiota, Epithelia, and Immune cells in the intestine. Annu Rev Immunol. 2020;38:23\u201348. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1146\/annurev-immunol-070119-115104","journal-title":"Annu Rev Immunol"},{"issue":"4","key":"3776_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2020.03.001","volume":"78","author":"A Leshem","year":"2020","unstructured":"Leshem A, Liwinski T, Elinav E. Immune-Microbiota interplay and colonization resistance in infection. Mol Cell. 2020;78(4):597\u2013613. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.molcel.2020.03.001","journal-title":"Mol Cell"},{"issue":"17","key":"3776_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11831","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jmedchem.3c00406","volume":"66","author":"KJ Skowron","year":"2023","unstructured":"Skowron KJ, Baliga C, Johnson T, Kremiller KM, Castroverde A, Dean TT, et al. Structure-activity relationships of the antimicrobial peptide natural product apidaecin. J Med Chem. 2023;66(17):11831\u201342. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acs.jmedchem.3c00406","journal-title":"J Med Chem"},{"key":"3776_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2015.01.032","volume":"92","author":"DS Lele","year":"2015","unstructured":"Lele DS, Talat S, Kumari S, Srivastava N, Kaur KJ. Understanding the importance of glycosylated threonine and stereospecific action of Drosocin, a proline rich antimicrobial peptide. Eur J Med Chem. 2015;92:637\u201347. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejmech.2015.01.032","journal-title":"Eur J Med Chem"},{"issue":"9","key":"3776_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1082","DOI":"10.1038\/s41589-023-01300-x","volume":"19","author":"K Mangano","year":"2023","unstructured":"Mangano K, Klepacki D, Ohanmu I, Baliga C, Huang W, Brakel A, et al. Inhibition of translation termination by the antimicrobial peptide Drosocin. Nat Chem Biol. 2023;19(9):1082\u201390. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41589-023-01300-x","journal-title":"Nat Chem Biol"},{"issue":"14","key":"3776_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2463","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmb.2013.03.041","volume":"425","author":"M Zahn","year":"2013","unstructured":"Zahn M, Berthold N, Kieslich B, Knappe D, Hoffmann R, Str\u00e4ter N. Structural studies on the forward and reverse binding modes of peptides to the chaperone DnaK. J Mol Biol. 2013;425(14):2463\u201379. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jmb.2013.03.041","journal-title":"J Mol Biol"},{"key":"3776_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2013.10.160","volume":"150","author":"Z Zhang","year":"2014","unstructured":"Zhang Z, Vriesekoop F, Yuan Q, Liang H. Effects of Nisin on the antimicrobial activity of d-limonene and its nanoemulsion. Food Chem. 2014;150:307\u201312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.foodchem.2013.10.160","journal-title":"Food Chem"},{"key":"3776_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bang B, Lichtenberger LM. Methods of inducing inflammatory bowel disease in mice. Curr Protoc Pharmacol. 2016;72. 5.58.1-5.42.","DOI":"10.1002\/0471141755.ph0558s72"},{"issue":"1","key":"3776_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2013.06.007","volume":"14","author":"E Deriu","year":"2013","unstructured":"Deriu E, Janet, Pezeshki M, Robert, Roxanna, Contreras H, et al. Probiotic Bacteria reduce Salmonella Typhimurium Intestinal colonization by competing for Iron. Cell Host Microbe. 2013;14(1):26\u201337. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chom.2013.06.007","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"issue":"3","key":"3776_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"590","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2012.08.042","volume":"151","author":"R Mathur","year":"2012","unstructured":"Mathur R, Oh H, Zhang D, Park S-G, Seo J, Koblansky A, et al. A mouse model of Salmonella Typhi infection. Cell. 2012;151(3):590\u2013602. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cell.2012.08.042","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"2","key":"3776_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1097\/mib.0000000000000282","volume":"21","author":"A Assa","year":"2015","unstructured":"Assa A, Vong L, Pinnell LJ, Rautava J, Avitzur N, Johnson-Henry KC, et al. Vitamin D Deficiency predisposes to adherent-invasive Escherichia coli-induced barrier dysfunction and experimental Colonic Injury. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2015;21(2):297\u2013306. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/mib.0000000000000282","journal-title":"Inflamm Bowel Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"3776_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2016.03.004","volume":"19","author":"F Rivera-Ch\u00e1vez","year":"2016","unstructured":"Rivera-Ch\u00e1vez F, Zhang LF, Faber F, Lopez CA, Byndloss MX, Olsan EE, et al. Depletion of butyrate-producing Clostridia from the gut microbiota drives an aerobic luminal expansion of Salmonella. Cell Host Microbe. 2016;19(4):443\u201354. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chom.2016.03.004","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"issue":"1","key":"3776_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41403","DOI":"10.1038\/srep41403","volume":"7","author":"J Sun","year":"2017","unstructured":"Sun J, Zeng B, Chen Z, Yan S, Huang W, Sun B, et al. Characterization of faecal microbial communities of dairy cows fed diets containing ensiled Moringa oleifera fodder. Sci Rep. 2017;7(1):41403. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/srep41403","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"3","key":"3776_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"610","DOI":"10.1038\/ismej.2011.139","volume":"6","author":"D McDonald","year":"2012","unstructured":"McDonald D, Price MN, Goodrich J, Nawrocki EP, Desantis TZ, Probst A, et al. An improved Greengenes taxonomy with explicit ranks for ecological and evolutionary analyses of bacteria and archaea. ISME J. 2012;6(3):610\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/ismej.2011.139","journal-title":"ISME J"},{"issue":"1","key":"3776_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.2276","volume":"10","author":"NA Bokulich","year":"2013","unstructured":"Bokulich NA, Subramanian S, Faith JJ, Gevers D, Gordon JI, Knight R, et al. Quality-filtering vastly improves diversity estimates from Illumina amplicon sequencing. Nat Methods. 2013;10(1):57\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nmeth.2276","journal-title":"Nat Methods"},{"issue":"12","key":"3776_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8228","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.71.12.8228-8235.2005","volume":"71","author":"C Lozupone","year":"2005","unstructured":"Lozupone C, Knight R. UniFrac: a new phylogenetic method for comparing Microbial communities. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2005;71(12):8228\u201335. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/aem.71.12.8228-8235.2005","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"issue":"9","key":"3776_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e24704","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0024704","volume":"6","author":"N Segata","year":"2011","unstructured":"Segata N, Huttenhower C. Toward an efficient method of identifying Core genes for evolutionary and functional Microbial Phylogenies. PLoS ONE. 2011;6(9):e24704. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0024704","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"4","key":"3776_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e94504","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0094504","volume":"9","author":"K Wen","year":"2014","unstructured":"Wen K, Tin C, Wang H, Yang X, Li G, Giri-Rachman E, et al. Probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG enhanced Th1 cellular immunity but did not affect antibody responses in a human gut microbiota transplanted neonatal gnotobiotic pig model. PLoS ONE. 2014;9(4):e94504. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0094504","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"2","key":"3776_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1038\/nrgastro.2011.244","volume":"9","author":"TJ Borody","year":"2012","unstructured":"Borody TJ, Khoruts A. Fecal microbiota transplantation and emerging applications. Nat Reviews Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2012;9(2):88\u201396. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrgastro.2011.244","journal-title":"Nat Reviews Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"12","key":"3776_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7653","DOI":"10.1039\/c9fo01651a","volume":"10","author":"A Fu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Fu A, Mo Q, Wu Y, Wang B, Liu R, Tang L, et al. Protective effect of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens against Salmonella via polarizing macrophages to M1 phenotype directly and to M2 depended on microbiota. Food Funct. 2019;10(12):7653\u201366. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1039\/c9fo01651a","journal-title":"Food Funct"},{"issue":"1","key":"3776_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1186\/1479-5876-11-152","volume":"11","author":"AW Turksma","year":"2013","unstructured":"Turksma AW, Bontkes HJ, Ruizendaal JJ, Scholten KB, Akershoek J, Rampersad S, et al. Exploring dendritic cell based vaccines targeting survivin for the treatment of head and neck cancer patients. J Translational Med. 2013;11(1):152. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1479-5876-11-152","journal-title":"J Translational Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"3776_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.3109\/10520295.2014.905705","volume":"89","author":"M Verma","year":"2014","unstructured":"Verma M, Metgud R, Madhusudan AS, Verma N, Saxena M, Soni A. A comparative study of glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT) and glutamate pyruvate transaminase (GPT) levels in the saliva of diabetic and normal patients. Biotech Histochem. 2014;89(7):529\u201334. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3109\/10520295.2014.905705","journal-title":"Biotech Histochem"},{"issue":"5","key":"3776_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.1111\/1574-6976.12024","volume":"37","author":"B Stecher","year":"2013","unstructured":"Stecher B, Berry D, Loy A. Colonization resistance and microbial ecophysiology: using gnotobiotic mouse models and single-cell technology to explore the intestinal jungle. FEMS Microbiol Rev. 2013;37(5):793\u2013829. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1574-6976.12024","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol Rev"},{"issue":"2","key":"3776_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2018.07.002","volume":"24","author":"A Jacobson","year":"2018","unstructured":"Jacobson A, Lam L, Rajendram M, Tamburini F, Honeycutt J, Pham T, et al. A gut commensal-produced metabolite mediates colonization resistance to Salmonella infection. Cell Host Microbe. 2018;24(2):296\u2013e3077. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chom.2018.07.002","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"issue":"3","key":"3776_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"907","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.01432-07","volume":"76","author":"M Barman","year":"2008","unstructured":"Barman M, Unold D, Shifley K, Amir E, Hung K, Bos N, et al. Enteric salmonellosis disrupts the Microbial Ecology of the murine gastrointestinal tract. Infect Immun. 2008;76(3):907\u201315. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/iai.01432-07","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"issue":"3","key":"3776_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2012.01.017","volume":"11","author":"JZ Liu","year":"2012","unstructured":"Liu JZ, Jellbauer S, Poe AJ, Ton V, Pesciaroli M, Kehl-Fie TE, et al. Zinc sequestration by the neutrophil protein calprotectin enhances Salmonella growth in the inflamed gut. Cell Host Microbe. 2012;11(3):227\u201339. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chom.2012.01.017","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"issue":"10","key":"3776_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e244","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.0050244","volume":"5","author":"B Stecher","year":"2007","unstructured":"Stecher B, Robbiani R, Walker AW, Westendorf AM, Barthel M, Kremer M, et al. Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium exploits inflammation to compete with the intestinal microbiota. PLoS Biol. 2007;5(10):e244. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pbio.0050244","journal-title":"PLoS Biol"},{"issue":"11","key":"3776_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2557","DOI":"10.1038\/ismej.2016.45","volume":"10","author":"S Widder","year":"2016","unstructured":"Widder S, Allen RJ, Pfeiffer T, Curtis TP, Wiuf C, Sloan WT, et al. Challenges in microbial ecology: building predictive understanding of community function and dynamics. Isme j. 2016;10(11):2557\u201368. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/ismej.2016.45","journal-title":"Isme j"},{"issue":"11","key":"3776_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"716","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-021-00561-4","volume":"19","author":"JE Gal\u00e1n","year":"2021","unstructured":"Gal\u00e1n JE. Salmonella Typhimurium and inflammation: a pathogen-centric affair. Nat Rev Microbiol. 2021;19(11):716\u201325. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41579-021-00561-4","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol"},{"key":"3776_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Boaro A, Ageitos L, Torres MT, Blasco EB, Oztekin S, de la Fuente-Nunez C. Structure-function-guided design of synthetic peptides with anti-infective activity derived from wasp venom. Cell Rep Phys Sci. 2023;4(7). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.xcrp.2023.101459","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xcrp.2023.101459"},{"issue":"42","key":"3776_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17480","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1107857108","volume":"108","author":"P Thiennimitr","year":"2011","unstructured":"Thiennimitr P, Winter SE, Winter MG, Xavier MN, Tolstikov V, Huseby DL, et al. Intestinal inflammation allows Salmonella to use ethanolamine to compete with the microbiota. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2011;108(42):17480\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.1107857108","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"3","key":"3776_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tim.2018.11.007","volume":"27","author":"L Spiga","year":"2019","unstructured":"Spiga L, Winter SE. Using enteric pathogens to probe the gut microbiota. Trends Microbiol. 2019;27(3):243\u201353. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tim.2018.11.007","journal-title":"Trends Microbiol"},{"issue":"10","key":"3776_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4726","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.00319-08","volume":"76","author":"I Sekirov","year":"2008","unstructured":"Sekirov I, Tam NM, Jogova M, Robertson ML, Li Y, Lupp C, et al. Antibiotic-Induced perturbations of the intestinal microbiota alter host susceptibility to enteric infection. Infect Immun. 2008;76(10):4726\u201336. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/iai.00319-08","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"3776_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"625210","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2021.625210","volume":"11","author":"Y Li","year":"2021","unstructured":"Li Y, Xia S, Jiang X, Feng C, Gong S, Ma J, et al. Gut microbiota and diarrhea: an updated review. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2021;11:625210. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fcimb.2021.625210","journal-title":"Front Cell Infect Microbiol"},{"key":"3776_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1258796","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2023.1258796","volume":"14","author":"K Sutton","year":"2023","unstructured":"Sutton K, Nash T, Sives S, Borowska D, Mitchell J, Vohra P, et al. Disentangling the innate immune responses of intestinal epithelial cells and lamina propria cells to Salmonella Typhimurium infection in chickens. Front Microbiol. 2023;14:1258796. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmicb.2023.1258796","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"key":"3776_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"757909","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.757909","volume":"12","author":"BX Chu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Chu BX, Li YN, Liu N, Yuan LX, Chen SY, Zhu YH, et al. Salmonella Infantis Delays the death of infected epithelial cells to aggravate bacterial load by intermittent phosphorylation of akt with SopB. Front Immunol. 2021;12:757909. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2021.757909","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"4","key":"3776_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0250296","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0250296","volume":"16","author":"A Gupta","year":"2021","unstructured":"Gupta A, Bansal M, Liyanage R, Upadhyay A, Rath N, Donoghue A, et al. Sodium butyrate modulates chicken macrophage proteins essential for Salmonella Enteritidis invasion. PLoS ONE. 2021;16(4):e0250296. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0250296","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"9","key":"3776_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1905","DOI":"10.1038\/s12276-023-01088-9","volume":"55","author":"JS Yoo","year":"2023","unstructured":"Yoo JS, Oh SF. Unconventional immune cells in the gut mucosal barrier: regulation by symbiotic microbiota. Exp Mol Med. 2023;55(9):1905\u201312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s12276-023-01088-9","journal-title":"Exp Mol Med"},{"issue":"7933","key":"3776_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-022-05089-y","volume":"610","author":"R Kedmi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kedmi R, Najar TA, Mesa KR, Grayson A, Kroehling L, Hao Y, et al. A ROR\u03b3t(+) cell instructs gut microbiota-specific T(reg) cell differentiation. Nature. 2022;610(7933):737\u201343. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41586-022-05089-y","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"7610","key":"3776_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1038\/nature18848","volume":"535","author":"K Honda","year":"2016","unstructured":"Honda K, Littman DR. The microbiota in adaptive immune homeostasis and disease. Nature. 2016;535(7610):75\u201384. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nature18848","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"3776_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103114","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2023.103114","volume":"141","author":"T Shao","year":"2023","unstructured":"Shao T, Hsu R, Rafizadeh DL, Wang L, Bowlus CL, Kumar N, et al. The gut ecosystem and immune tolerance. J Autoimmun. 2023;141:103114. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaut.2023.103114","journal-title":"J Autoimmun"},{"issue":"47","key":"3776_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14864","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.2c06417","volume":"70","author":"X Liu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Liu X, Zhang Y, Li W, Zhang B, Yin J, Liuqi S, et al. Fucoidan ameliorated Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Induced Ulcerative Colitis by modulating gut microbiota and bile acid metabolism. J Agric Food Chem. 2022;70(47):14864\u201376. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acs.jafc.2c06417","journal-title":"J Agric Food Chem"},{"issue":"1","key":"3776_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2020.1848158","volume":"13","author":"H Zafar","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zafar H, Saier MH. Jr. Gut Bacteroides species in health and disease. Gut Microbes. 2021;13(1):1\u201320. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/19490976.2020.1848158","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"},{"issue":"8","key":"3776_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1534","DOI":"10.1038\/s41564-023-01418-7","volume":"8","author":"W Wei","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wei W, Wong CC, Jia Z, Liu W, Liu C, Ji F, et al. Parabacteroides distasonis uses dietary inulin to suppress NASH via its metabolite pentadecanoic acid. Nat Microbiol. 2023;8(8):1534\u201348. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41564-023-01418-7","journal-title":"Nat Microbiol"},{"key":"3776_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1781036","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/1781036","volume":"2018","author":"Y Jing","year":"2018","unstructured":"Jing Y, Li A, Liu Z, Yang P, Wei J, Chen X, et al. Absorption of Codonopsis pilosula saponins by coexisting Polysaccharides alleviates gut Microbial Dysbiosis with Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Induced Colitis in Model mice. Biomed Res Int. 2018;2018:1781036. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2018\/1781036","journal-title":"Biomed Res Int"},{"key":"3776_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Hankel J, Chuppava B, Wilke V, Hartung CB, Muthukumarasamy U, Strowig T, et al. High Dietary Intake of Rye affects porcine gut microbiota in a Salmonella Typhimurium infection study. Plants (Basel). 2022;11(17). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/plants11172232","DOI":"10.3390\/plants11172232"},{"key":"3776_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12602-023-10090-6","author":"TG Dias","year":"2023","unstructured":"Dias TG, Rodrigues LDS, Farias JR, Pereira ALF, Ferreira AGN, Neto MS, et al. Immunomodulatory activity of Probiotics in models of bacterial infections. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins. 2023. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12602-023-10090-6","journal-title":"Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins"},{"issue":"7","key":"3776_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.2608","volume":"14","author":"N Kamada","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kamada N, Chen GY, Inohara N, N\u00fa\u00f1ez G. Control of pathogens and pathobionts by the gut microbiota. Nat Immunol. 2013;14(7):685\u201390. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/ni.2608","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"issue":"1","key":"3776_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0037821","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.00378-21","volume":"204","author":"F Cakar","year":"2022","unstructured":"Cakar F, Golubeva YA, Vanderpool CK, Slauch JM. The small RNA MicC downregulates hilD Translation to control the Salmonella Pathogenicity Island 1 type III secretion system in Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium. J Bacteriol. 2022;204(1):e0037821. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/jb.00378-21","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"issue":"3","key":"3776_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"835","DOI":"10.1111\/1462-2920.13658","volume":"19","author":"U Gophna","year":"2017","unstructured":"Gophna U, Konikoff T, Nielsen HB. Oscillospira and related bacteria - from metagenomic species to metabolic features. Environ Microbiol. 2017;19(3):835\u201341. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1462-2920.13658","journal-title":"Environ Microbiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"3776_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.4161\/gmic.26489","volume":"5","author":"J Mirpuri","year":"2014","unstructured":"Mirpuri J, Raetz M, Sturge CR, Wilhelm CL, Benson A, Savani RC, et al. Proteobacteria-specific IgA regulates maturation of the intestinal microbiota. Gut Microbes. 2014;5(1):28\u201339. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4161\/gmic.26489","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"},{"issue":"5","key":"3776_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1297","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2672.2011.04984.x","volume":"110","author":"A Ketabi","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ketabi A, Dieleman LA, G\u00e4nzle MG. Influence of isomalto-oligosaccharides on intestinal microbiota in rats. J Appl Microbiol. 2011;110(5):1297\u2013306. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-2672.2011.04984.x","journal-title":"J Appl Microbiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"3776_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1038\/ismej.2011.109","volume":"6","author":"T Wang","year":"2012","unstructured":"Wang T, Cai G, Qiu Y, Fei N, Zhang M, Pang X, et al. Structural segregation of gut microbiota between colorectal cancer patients and healthy volunteers. Isme j. 2012;6(2):320\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/ismej.2011.109","journal-title":"Isme j"},{"key":"3776_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"De Cicco P, Sanders T, Cirino G, Maloy KJ, Ianaro A. Hydrogen Sulfide reduces myeloid-derived suppressor cell-mediated inflammatory response in a model of Helicobacter hepaticus-Induced Colitis. Front Immunol. 2018;9. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2018.00499","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.00499"},{"key":"3776_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Guo F-F, Yu T-C, Hong J, Fang J-Y. Emerging roles of Hydrogen Sulfide in Inflammatory and Neoplastic Colonic diseases. Front Physiol. 2016;7. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fphys.2016.00156","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2016.00156"},{"issue":"9","key":"3776_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e74963","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0074963","volume":"8","author":"BP Ganesh","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ganesh BP, Klopfleisch R, Loh G, Blaut M. Commensal Akkermansia muciniphila exacerbates gut inflammation in Salmonella Typhimurium-infected Gnotobiotic mice. PLoS ONE. 2013;8(9):e74963. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0074963","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"3776_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2019.00239","volume":"9","author":"R Zhai","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zhai R, Xue X, Zhang L, Yang X, Zhao L, Zhang C. Strain-specific anti-inflammatory properties of two Akkermansia muciniphila strains on Chronic Colitis in mice. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2019;9:239. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fcimb.2019.00239","journal-title":"Front Cell Infect Microbiol"},{"key":"3776_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2016.02.005","volume":"106","author":"M Derrien","year":"2017","unstructured":"Derrien M, Belzer C, de Vos WM. Akkermansia muciniphila and its role in regulating host functions. Microb Pathog. 2017;106:171\u201381. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.micpath.2016.02.005","journal-title":"Microb Pathog"}],"container-title":["BMC Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12866-025-03776-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12866-025-03776-0\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12866-025-03776-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,5]],"date-time":"2025-02-05T06:00:56Z","timestamp":1738735256000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcmicrobiol.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12866-025-03776-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,5]]},"references-count":81,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["3776"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12866-025-03776-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2180"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2180","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"14 June 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"20 January 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"5 February 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"All animal experiments were conducted in accordance with experimental protocols approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of Zhejiang University (ZJU20181068). All animal experiments were performed in strict accordance with the guidelines.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not Applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"64"}}