{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T06:10:54Z","timestamp":1793254254668,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,22]],"date-time":"2025-02-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740182400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,22]],"date-time":"2025-02-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740182400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Microbiol"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s12866-025-03783-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,22]],"date-time":"2025-02-22T10:11:16Z","timestamp":1740219076000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Antimicrobial resistance patterns of WHO priority pathogens at general hospital in Southern Ethiopia during the COVID-19 pandemic, with particular reference to ESKAPE-group isolates of surgical site infections"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Mohammed","family":"Seid","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Berari","family":"Bayou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Addis","family":"Aklilu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dagimawie","family":"Tadesse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aseer","family":"Manilal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdurezak","family":"Zakir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kebede","family":"Kulyta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Teshome","family":"Kebede","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hissah Abdulrahman","family":"Alodaini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akbar","family":"Idhayadhulla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"3783_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106136","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijsu.2021.106136","volume":"95","author":"BM Gillespie","year":"2021","unstructured":"Gillespie BM, Harbeck E, Rattray M, Liang R, Walker R, Latimer S, et al. Worldwide incidence of surgical site infections in general surgical patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 488,594 patients. Int J Surg. 2021;95:106136.","journal-title":"Int J Surg"},{"key":"3783_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1308\/rcsann.2022.0075","volume":"104","author":"M Bath","year":"2022","unstructured":"Bath M, Davies J, Suresh R, Machesney M. Surgical site infections: a scoping review on current intraoperative prevention measures. Ann R Coll Surg Engl. 2022;104:571\u20136.","journal-title":"Ann R Coll Surg Engl"},{"key":"3783_CR3","unstructured":"Surgical Site Infection (SSI)| HAI| CDC. 2021. https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/hai\/ssi\/ssi.html. Accessed 12 Jun 2022."},{"key":"3783_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wondmeneh TG, Mohammed JA. The incidence of surgical site infection and its predictors among women delivered via cesarean sections in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Med. 2024;11.","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2024.1395158"},{"key":"3783_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"004695802311625","DOI":"10.1177\/00469580231162549","volume":"60","author":"DA Mengistu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Mengistu DA, Alemu A, Abdukadir AA, Mohammed Husen A, Ahmed F, Mohammed B, et al. Global incidence of Surgical Site infection among patients: systematic review and Meta-analysis. Inquiry. 2023;60:00469580231162549.","journal-title":"Inquiry"},{"key":"3783_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1315","DOI":"10.1007\/s13304-021-01029-z","volume":"73","author":"G Sganga","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sganga G, Baguneid M, Dohmen P, Giamarellos-Bourboulis EJ, Romanini E, Vozikis A, et al. Management of superficial and deep surgical site infection: an international multidisciplinary consensus. Updates Surg. 2021;73:1315\u201325.","journal-title":"Updates Surg"},{"key":"3783_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1687","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)01548-8","volume":"398","author":"AO Ademuyiwa","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ademuyiwa AO, Hardy P, Runigamugabo E, Sodonougbo P, Behanzin H, Kangni S, et al. Reducing surgical site infections in low-income and middle-income countries (FALCON): a pragmatic, multicentre, stratified, randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2021;398:1687\u201399.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"3783_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/S0195-6701(08)60017-1","volume":"70","author":"CD Owens","year":"2008","unstructured":"Owens CD, Stoessel K. Surgical site infections: epidemiology, microbiology and prevention. J Hosp Infect. 2008;70(Suppl 2):3\u201310.","journal-title":"J Hosp Infect"},{"key":"3783_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"eadk8222","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.adk8222","volume":"16","author":"DR Long","year":"2024","unstructured":"Long DR, Bryson-Cahn C, Waalkes A, Holmes EA, Penewit K, Tavolaro C, et al. Contribution of the patient microbiome to surgical site infection and antibiotic prophylaxis failure in spine surgery. Sci Transl Med. 2024;16:eadk8222.","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med"},{"key":"3783_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"750","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2019.08.020","volume":"54","author":"C Nodaras","year":"2019","unstructured":"Nodaras C, Kotsaki A, Tziolos N, Kontopoulou T, Akinosoglou K, Chrisanthakopoulou M, et al. Microbiology of acute bacterial skin and skin-structure infections in Greece: a proposed clinical prediction score for the causative pathogen. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2019;54:750\u20136.","journal-title":"Int J Antimicrob Agents"},{"key":"3783_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1586\/eri.13.12","volume":"11","author":"JN Pendleton","year":"2013","unstructured":"Pendleton JN, Gorman SP, Gilmore BF. Clinical relevance of the ESKAPE pathogens. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther. 2013;11:297\u2013308.","journal-title":"Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther"},{"key":"3783_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1086\/595011","volume":"48","author":"HW Boucher","year":"2009","unstructured":"Boucher HW, Talbot GH, Bradley JS, Edwards JE, Gilbert D, Rice LB, et al. Bad bugs, no drugs: no ESKAPE! An update from the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clin Infect Dis. 2009;48:1\u201312.","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"3783_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2475067","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/2475067","volume":"2016","author":"S Santajit","year":"2016","unstructured":"Santajit S, Indrawattana N. Mechanisms of Antimicrobial Resistance in ESKAPE pathogens. Biomed Res Int. 2016;2016:2475067.","journal-title":"Biomed Res Int"},{"key":"3783_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"624","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics9090624","volume":"9","author":"R Benk\u0151","year":"2020","unstructured":"Benk\u0151 R, Gajd\u00e1cs M, Matuz M, Bod\u00f3 G, L\u00e1z\u00e1r A, Hajd\u00fa E, et al. Prevalence and antibiotic resistance of ESKAPE pathogens isolated in the Emergency Department of a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital in Hungary: a 5-Year retrospective survey. Antibiot (Basel). 2020;9:624.","journal-title":"Antibiot (Basel)"},{"key":"3783_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(17)30753-3","volume":"18","author":"E Tacconelli","year":"2018","unstructured":"Tacconelli E, Carrara E, Savoldi A, Harbarth S, Mendelson M, Monnet DL, et al. Discovery, research, and development of new antibiotics: the WHO priority list of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and tuberculosis. Lancet Infect Dis. 2018;18:318\u201327.","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"3783_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)02724-0","volume":"399","author":"CJ Murray","year":"2022","unstructured":"Murray CJ, Ikuta KS, Sharara F, Swetschinski L, Aguilar GR, Gray A, et al. Global burden of bacterial antimicrobial resistance in 2019: a systematic analysis. Lancet. 2022;399:629\u201355.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"3783_CR17","unstructured":"New report calls for. urgent action to avert antimicrobial resistance crisis. https:\/\/www.who.int\/news\/item\/29-04-2019-new-report-calls-for-urgent-action-to-avert-antimicrobial-resistance-crisis. Accessed 27 Aug 2024."},{"key":"3783_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Oldenkamp R, Schultsz C, Mancini E, Cappuccio A. Filling the gaps in the global prevalence map of clinical antimicrobial resistance. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 2021;118:e2013515118.","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2013515118"},{"key":"3783_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2369","DOI":"10.2147\/IDR.S312231","volume":"14","author":"M Arbune","year":"2021","unstructured":"Arbune M, Gurau G, Niculet E, Iancu AV, Lupasteanu G, Fotea S, et al. Prevalence of Antibiotic Resistance of ESKAPE Pathogens over five years in an infectious diseases Hospital from South-East of Romania. IDR. 2021;14:2369\u201378.<\\\/p>","journal-title":"IDR"},{"key":"3783_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e466","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(23)00019-0","volume":"11","author":"E Charani","year":"2023","unstructured":"Charani E, Mendelson M, Pallett SJC, Ahmad R, Mpundu M, Mbamalu O, et al. An analysis of existing national action plans for antimicrobial resistance\u2014gaps and opportunities in strategies optimising antibiotic use in human populations. Lancet Global Health. 2023;11:e466\u201374.","journal-title":"Lancet Global Health"},{"key":"3783_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1089\/sur.2018.127","volume":"19","author":"Z Al-Qurayshi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Al-Qurayshi Z, Baker SM, Garstka M, Ducoin C, Killackey M, Nichols RL, et al. Post-operative infections: Trends in distribution, risk factors, and clinical and economic burdens. Surg Infect (Larchmt). 2018;19:717\u201322.","journal-title":"Surg Infect (Larchmt)"},{"key":"3783_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ibrahim R, Mihret A, Dinku SF, Asamene N, Negeri A, Desta F et al. Antimicrobial resistance surveillance in Ethiopia: implementation experiences and lessons learned. Afr J Lab Med. 2018;7.","DOI":"10.4102\/ajlm.v7i2.770"},{"key":"3783_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.33393\/dti.2020.2170","volume":"14","author":"M Abayneh","year":"2020","unstructured":"Abayneh M, Worku T. Prevalence of multidrug-resistant and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing gram-negative bacilli: a meta-analysis report in Ethiopia. Drug Target Insights. 2020;14:16\u201325.","journal-title":"Drug Target Insights"},{"key":"3783_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.3923\/ijp.2023.769.783","volume":"19","author":"T Kebede","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kebede T, Manilal A, Seid M, Tesfaye M, Tolessa D, Akiilu A, et al. Magnitude of Post-caesarean Wound Infections in Three Public Hospitals in Southern Ethiopia. Int J Pharmacol. 2023;19:769\u201383.","journal-title":"Int J Pharmacol"},{"key":"3783_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2418902","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/2418902","volume":"2016","author":"W Dessie","year":"2016","unstructured":"Dessie W, Mulugeta G, Fentaw S, Mihret A, Hassen M, Abebe E. Pattern of bacterial pathogens and their susceptibility isolated from Surgical Site infections at selected referral hospitals, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Int J Microbiol. 2016;2016:2418902.","journal-title":"Int J Microbiol"},{"key":"3783_CR26","first-page":"126","volume":"6","author":"T Alemayehu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Alemayehu T. The burden of aerobic bacterial nosocomial infections, associated risk factors and antibiotic susceptibility patterns in a surgical site in Ethiopia: a systematic review. J Surg Surg Res. 2020;6:126\u201332.","journal-title":"J Surg Surg Res"},{"key":"3783_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-197602000-00002","volume":"16","author":"NS Levine","year":"1976","unstructured":"Levine NS, Lindberg RB, Mason ADJ, Pruitt B, a. J, COLONEL, THE QUANTITATIVE SWAB CULTURE, AND SMEAR: A QUICK, SIMPLE METHOD FOR DETERMINING THE NUMBER OF VIABLE AEROBIC BACTERIA ON OPEN WOUNDS. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 1976;16:89\u201394.","journal-title":"J Trauma Acute Care Surg"},{"key":"3783_CR28","unstructured":"Asia WHORO. for S-E. Guidelines on standard operating procedures for microbiology. 2000."},{"key":"3783_CR29","unstructured":"Basic laboratory procedures in clinical bacteriology. 2nd ed. https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/i\/item\/9241545453. Accessed 27 Aug 2024."},{"key":"3783_CR30","unstructured":"Weinstein MP. & L JS. Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI).Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing,. In: Clinical & Laboratory Standards Institute. 32nd Edition. USA: 940 Wayne, PA, U.S.A.; 2022. p. 362."},{"key":"3783_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2011.03570.x","volume":"18","author":"A-P Magiorakos","year":"2012","unstructured":"Magiorakos A-P, Srinivasan A, Carey RB, Carmeli Y, Falagas ME, Giske CG, et al. Multidrug-resistant, extensively drug-resistant and pandrug-resistant bacteria: an international expert proposal for interim standard definitions for acquired resistance. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2012;18:268\u201381.","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"key":"3783_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.51585\/gjm.2023.3.0026","volume":"3","author":"F Augustine","year":"2024","unstructured":"Augustine F, Mgaya F, Yahya S, Niccodem E, Matee M. An alarming prevalence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) ESKAPE pathogens and other drug-resistant bacteria isolated from patients with bloodstream infections hospitalized at Muhimbili National Hospital in Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania. German J Microbiol. 2024;3:7\u201315.","journal-title":"German J Microbiol"},{"key":"3783_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4727","DOI":"10.2147\/IDR.S338627","volume":"14","author":"Z Li","year":"2021","unstructured":"Li Z, Xie J, Yang J, Liu S, Ding Z, Hao J, et al. Pathogenic characteristics and risk factors for ESKAPE pathogens infection in burn patients. Infect Drug Resist. 2021;14:4727\u201338.","journal-title":"Infect Drug Resist"},{"key":"3783_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2201","DOI":"10.2147\/IDR.S306688","volume":"14","author":"R Pandey","year":"2021","unstructured":"Pandey R, Mishra SK, Shrestha A. Characterisation of ESKAPE pathogens with special reference to Multidrug Resistance and Biofilm Production in a Nepalese hospital. Infect Drug Resist. 2021;14:2201\u201312.","journal-title":"Infect Drug Resist"},{"key":"3783_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1807","DOI":"10.2147\/IDR.S357704","volume":"15","author":"M Abayneh","year":"2022","unstructured":"Abayneh M, Asnake M, Muleta D, Simieneh A. Assessment of bacterial profiles and Antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of isolates among patients diagnosed with Surgical Site infections at Mizan-Tepi University Teaching Hospital, Southwest Ethiopia: a prospective Observational Cohort Study. Infect Drug Resist. 2022;15:1807\u201319.","journal-title":"Infect Drug Resist"},{"key":"3783_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1186\/s12941-023-00643-6","volume":"22","author":"S Worku","year":"2023","unstructured":"Worku S, Abebe T, Alemu A, Seyoum B, Swedberg G, Abdissa A, et al. Bacterial profile of surgical site infection and antimicrobial resistance patterns in Ethiopia: a multicentre prospective cross-sectional study. Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob. 2023;22:96.","journal-title":"Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob"},{"key":"3783_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-0500-6-298","volume":"6","author":"J Seni","year":"2013","unstructured":"Seni J, Najjuka CF, Kateete DP, Makobore P, Joloba ML, Kajumbula H, et al. Antimicrobial resistance in hospitalized surgical patients: a silently emerging public health concern in Uganda. BMC Res Notes. 2013;6:298.","journal-title":"BMC Res Notes"},{"key":"3783_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-0500-7-500","volume":"7","author":"J Manyahi","year":"2014","unstructured":"Manyahi J, Matee MI, Majigo M, Moyo S, Mshana SE, Lyamuya EF. Predominance of multi-drug resistant bacterial pathogens causing surgical site infections in Muhimbili national hospital, Tanzania. BMC Res Notes. 2014;7:500.","journal-title":"BMC Res Notes"},{"key":"3783_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2021.05.017","volume":"26","author":"T Alemayehu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Alemayehu T. Prevalence of multidrug-resistant bacteria in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Global Antimicrob Resist. 2021;26:133\u20139.","journal-title":"J Global Antimicrob Resist"},{"key":"3783_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5116","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-84293-8","volume":"11","author":"VV Mogasale","year":"2021","unstructured":"Mogasale VV, Saldanha P, Pai V, Rekha PD, Mogasale V. A descriptive analysis of antimicrobial resistance patterns of WHO priority pathogens isolated in children from a tertiary care hospital in India. Sci Rep. 2021;11:5116.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"3783_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.5455\/2320-6012.ijrms20140552","volume":"2","author":"S Golia","year":"2014","unstructured":"Golia S, Ar BASK. A study of superficial surgical site infections in a tertiary care hospital at Bangalore. Int J Res Med Sci. 2014;2:647\u201352.","journal-title":"Int J Res Med Sci"},{"key":"3783_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wndm.2017.01.002","volume":"17","author":"MT Akhi","year":"2017","unstructured":"Akhi MT, Ghotaslou R, Alizadeh N, pirzadeh T, Beheshtirouy S, Memar MY. High frequency of MRSA in surgical site infections and elevated Vancomycin MIC. Wound Med. 2017;17:7\u201310.","journal-title":"Wound Med"},{"key":"3783_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chhetry M, Subedi S, Ghimire S, Lamichhane S, Banerjee B, Singh GK. Antibiotic sensitivity in Post Cesarean Surgical Site infection at a Tertiary Care Centre in Eastern Nepal. J Lumbini Med Coll. 2016;4.","DOI":"10.22502\/jlmc.v4i2.90"},{"key":"3783_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-0711-12-17","volume":"12","author":"G Godebo","year":"2013","unstructured":"Godebo G, Kibru G, Tassew H. Multidrug-resistant bacterial isolates in infected wounds at Jimma University Specialized Hospital, Ethiopia. Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob. 2013;12:17.","journal-title":"Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob"},{"key":"3783_CR45","first-page":"w13146","volume":"140","author":"H Misteli","year":"2011","unstructured":"Misteli H, Widmer AF, Rosenthal R, Oertli D, Marti WR, Weber WP. Spectrum of pathogens in surgical site infections at a Swiss university hospital. Swiss Med Wkly. 2011;140:w13146.","journal-title":"Swiss Med Wkly"},{"key":"3783_CR46","first-page":"DC17","volume":"9","author":"V Negi","year":"2015","unstructured":"Negi V, Pal S, Juyal D, Sharma MK, Sharma N. Bacteriological Profile of Surgical Site infections and their Antibiogram: a Study from Resource Constrained Rural setting of Uttarakhand State, India. J Clin Diagn Res. 2015;9:DC17\u201320.","journal-title":"J Clin Diagn Res"},{"key":"3783_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"204993612211351","DOI":"10.1177\/20499361221135128","volume":"9","author":"S Lakoh","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lakoh S, Yi L, Russell JBW, Zhang J, Sevalie S, Zhao Y, et al. The burden of surgical site infections and related antibiotic resistance in two geographic regions of Sierra Leone: a prospective study. Therapeutic Adv Infect. 2022;9:20499361221135128.","journal-title":"Therapeutic Adv Infect"},{"key":"3783_CR48","first-page":"9","volume":"5","author":"MSS Pradeep","year":"2019","unstructured":"Pradeep MSS, Rao KVV. A study on surgical site infections, their bacteriological profile and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern. IP Int J Med Microbiol Trop Dis. 2019;5:9\u201313.","journal-title":"IP Int J Med Microbiol Trop Dis"},{"key":"3783_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"784","DOI":"10.1001\/jamasurg.2017.0904","volume":"152","author":"SI Berr\u00edos-Torres","year":"2017","unstructured":"Berr\u00edos-Torres SI, Umscheid CA, Bratzler DW, Leas B, Stone EC, Kelz RR, et al. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Guideline for the Prevention of Surgical Site Infection, 2017. JAMA Surg. 2017;152:784\u201391.","journal-title":"JAMA Surg"},{"key":"3783_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1186\/s13756-018-0408-z","volume":"7","author":"N Upreti","year":"2018","unstructured":"Upreti N, Rayamajhee B, Sherchan SP, Choudhari MK, Banjara MR. Prevalence of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus, multidrug resistant and extended spectrum \u03b2-lactamase producing gram negative bacilli causing wound infections at a tertiary care hospital of Nepal. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control. 2018;7:121.","journal-title":"Antimicrob Resist Infect Control"},{"key":"3783_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(18)30101-4","volume":"18","author":"A Bhangu","year":"2018","unstructured":"Bhangu A, Ademuyiwa AO, Aguilera ML, Alexander P, Al-Saqqa SW, Borda-Luque G, et al. Surgical site infection after gastrointestinal surgery in high-income, middle-income, and low-income countries: a prospective, international, multicentre cohort study. Lancet Infect Dis. 2018;18:516\u201325.","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"3783_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1927","DOI":"10.4103\/jfmpc.jfmpc_1154_19","volume":"9","author":"H Narula","year":"2020","unstructured":"Narula H, Chikara G, Gupta P. A prospective study on bacteriological profile and antibiogram of postoperative wound infections in a tertiary care hospital in Western Rajasthan. J Family Med Prim Care. 2020;9:1927.","journal-title":"J Family Med Prim Care"},{"key":"3783_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0215177","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0215177","volume":"14","author":"F Moges","year":"2019","unstructured":"Moges F, Eshetie S, Abebe W, Mekonnen F, Dagnew M, Endale A, et al. High prevalence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Gram-negative pathogens from patients attending Felege Hiwot Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Bahir Dar, Amhara region. PLoS ONE. 2019;14:e0215177.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"3783_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-018-3436-7","volume":"18","author":"A Zeynudin","year":"2018","unstructured":"Zeynudin A, Pritsch M, Schubert S, Messerer M, Liegl G, Hoelscher M, et al. Prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of CTX-M type extended-spectrum \u03b2-lactamases among clinical isolates of gram-negative bacilli in Jimma, Ethiopia. BMC Infect Dis. 2018;18:524.","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"3783_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1186\/s13756-018-0324-2","volume":"7","author":"N Agyepong","year":"2018","unstructured":"Agyepong N, Govinden U, Owusu-Ofori A, Essack SY. Multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacterial infections in a teaching hospital in Ghana. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control. 2018;7:37.","journal-title":"Antimicrob Resist Infect Control"},{"key":"3783_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1186\/s12941-020-00398-4","volume":"19","author":"CL Yehouenou","year":"2020","unstructured":"Yehouenou CL, Kpangon AA, Affolabi D, Rodriguez-Villalobos H, Van Bambeke F, Dalleur O, et al. Antimicrobial resistance in hospitalized surgical patients: a silently emerging public health concern in Benin. Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob. 2020;19:54.","journal-title":"Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob"},{"key":"3783_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17299","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-53712-2","volume":"9","author":"D Hope","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hope D, Ampaire L, Oyet C, Muwanguzi E, Twizerimana H, Apecu RO. Antimicrobial resistance in pathogenic aerobic bacteria causing surgical site infections in Mbarara regional referral hospital, Southwestern Uganda. Sci Rep. 2019;9:17299.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"3783_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-021-04290-w","volume":"22","author":"F Rohrer","year":"2021","unstructured":"Rohrer F, Maurer A, Noetzli H, Gahl B, Limacher A, Hermann T, et al. Prolonged antibiotic prophylaxis use in elective orthopaedic surgery \u2013 a cross-sectional analysis. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2021;22:1\u201311.","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet Disord"},{"key":"3783_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"03","DOI":"10.51585\/gjm.2021.002","volume":"1","author":"J Njeru","year":"2020","unstructured":"Njeru J. Emerging carbapenem resistance in ESKAPE pathogens in sub-saharan Africa and the way forward. German J Microbiol. 2020;1:03\u201303.","journal-title":"German J Microbiol"},{"key":"3783_CR60","first-page":"435","volume":"127","author":"S M\u00fcller","year":"2014","unstructured":"M\u00fcller S, Janssen T, Wieler LH. Multidrug resistant Acinetobacter baumannii in veterinary medicine\u2013emergence of an underestimated pathogen? Berl Munch Tierarztl Wochenschr. 2014;127:435\u201346.","journal-title":"Berl Munch Tierarztl Wochenschr"}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1186\/s12866-025-03876-x","type":"correction","label":"Correction","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,17]],"date-time":"2025-03-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1742169600000}}],"container-title":["BMC Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12866-025-03783-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12866-025-03783-1\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12866-025-03783-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,17]],"date-time":"2025-03-17T07:38:34Z","timestamp":1742197114000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcmicrobiol.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12866-025-03783-1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,22]]},"references-count":60,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["3783"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12866-025-03783-1","relation":{"correction":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1186\/s12866-025-03876-x","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1471-2180"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2180","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,22]]},"assertion":[{"value":"19 September 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"23 January 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"22 February 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 March 2025","order":4,"name":"change_date","label":"Change Date","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Update","order":5,"name":"change_type","label":"Change Type","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The original online version of this article was revised: Following publication of the original article [1], the affiliations for the authors Mohammed Seid, Hissah Abdulrahman Alodaini, and Akbar Idhayadhulla are incorrect. Therefore, the authors would like to correct the affiliations for the above mentioned authors in the published version. The incorrect and correct set of affiliations are provided in erratum","order":6,"name":"change_details","label":"Change Details","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12866-025-03876-x","URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12866-025-03876-x","order":7,"name":"change_details","label":"Change Details","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":".","order":8,"name":"change_details","label":"Change Details","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"17 March 2025","order":9,"name":"change_date","label":"Change Date","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Correction","order":10,"name":"change_type","label":"Change Type","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"A Correction to this paper has been published:","order":11,"name":"change_details","label":"Change Details","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12866-025-03876-x","URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12866-025-03876-x","order":12,"name":"change_details","label":"Change Details","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This study was conducted under the International Ethical Guidelines for Health-Related Research involving Humans issued by ethical principles in the Declaration of Helsinki. Ethical clearance was obtained from the Institutional Review Board (IRB\/152\/12) of the College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Arba Minch University. Written informed consent was also obtained from each study participant before the study. The positive findings in the culture and the antimicrobial susceptibility test were kept confidential and were also communicated to attending physicians for patient management.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Clinical trial number"}}],"article-number":"84"}}