{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T02:35:10Z","timestamp":1792118110018,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":93,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,26]],"date-time":"2025-04-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1745625600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,26]],"date-time":"2025-04-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1745625600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001407","name":"Department of Biotechnology, Ministry of Science and Technology, India","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["BT\/PR21430\/ADV\/90\/246\/2016"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BT\/PR21430\/ADV\/90\/246\/2016"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001407","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Microbiol"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s12866-025-03795-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,26]],"date-time":"2025-04-26T05:51:39Z","timestamp":1745646699000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Identification of virulence genes and clade-specific markers through pan-genomic analysis of Leptospira"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Mohd","family":"Abdullah","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3565-1543","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammad","family":"Kadivella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rolee","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mirza. S.","family":"Baig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Syed M.","family":"Faisal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarwar","family":"Azam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"3795_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Grote J, Thrash JC, Huggett MJ, Landry ZC, Carini P, Giovannoni SJ, Rappe MS. Streamlining and core genome conservation among highly divergent members of the SAR11 clade. mBio 2012, 3(5).","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.00252-12"},{"issue":"4","key":"3795_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.2174\/1389202916666150423002311","volume":"16","author":"LC Guimaraes","year":"2015","unstructured":"Guimaraes LC, Florczak-Wyspianska J, de Jesus LB, Viana MV, Silva A, Ramos RT, Soares Sde C. Soares Sde C: inside the pan-genome - methods and Software Overview. Curr Genomics. 2015;16(4):245\u201352.","journal-title":"Curr Genomics"},{"key":"3795_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen X, Zhang Y, Zhang Z, Zhao Y, Sun C, Yang M, Wang J, Liu Q, Zhang B, Chen M et al. PGAweb: A Web Server for Bacterial Pan-Genome Analysis. Front Microbiol 2018, 9:1910.","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2018.01910"},{"issue":"1","key":"3795_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6976.2008.00149.x","volume":"33","author":"BR Bochner","year":"2009","unstructured":"Bochner BR. Global phenotypic characterization of bacteria. FEMS Microbiol Rev. 2009;33(1):191\u2013205.","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"3795_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gene.2016.10.039","volume":"598","author":"N Li","year":"2017","unstructured":"Li N, Wang K, Williams HN, Sun J, Ding C, Leng X, Dong K. Analysis of gene gain and loss in the evolution of predatory bacteria. Gene. 2017;598:63\u201370.","journal-title":"Gene"},{"key":"3795_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39530","DOI":"10.1038\/srep39530","volume":"6","author":"SM Faisal","year":"2016","unstructured":"Faisal SM, Varma VP, Subathra M, Azam S, Sunkara AK, Akif M, Baig MS, Chang Y-F. Leptospira surface adhesin (Lsa21) induces toll like receptor 2 and 4 mediated inflammatory responses in macrophages. Sci Rep. 2016;6:39530.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"3795_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Karpagam KB, Ganesh B. Leptospirosis: a neglected tropical zoonotic infection of public health importance\u2014an updated review. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 2020;39(5):835\u201346. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10096-019-03797-4.","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-019-03797-4"},{"issue":"5","key":"3795_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"760","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2009.06.009","volume":"9","author":"GM Cerqueira","year":"2009","unstructured":"Cerqueira GM, Picardeau M. A century of Leptospira strain typing. Infect Genet Evol. 2009;9(5):760\u20138.","journal-title":"Infect Genet Evol"},{"key":"3795_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-0711-5-28","volume":"5","author":"N Ahmed","year":"2006","unstructured":"Ahmed N, Devi SM, Valverde Mde L, Vijayachari P, Machang\u2019u RS, Ellis WA, Hartskeerl RA. Multilocus sequence typing method for identification and genotypic classification of pathogenic Leptospira species. Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob. 2006;5:28.","journal-title":"Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob"},{"key":"3795_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3034756","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/3034756","volume":"2016","author":"S Azam","year":"2016","unstructured":"Azam S, Rao SB, Jakka P, NarasimhaRao V, Bhargavi B, Gupta VK, Radhakrishnan G. Genetic Characterization and Comparative Genome Analysis of Brucella melitensis isolates from India. Int J Genomics. 2016;2016:3034756.","journal-title":"Int J Genomics"},{"issue":"6934","key":"3795_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"888","DOI":"10.1038\/nature01597","volume":"422","author":"SX Ren","year":"2003","unstructured":"Ren SX, Fu G, Jiang XG, Zeng R, Miao YG, Xu H, Zhang YX, Xiong H, Lu G, Lu LF, et al. Unique physiological and pathogenic features of Leptospira interrogans revealed by whole-genome sequencing. Nature. 2003;422(6934):888\u201393.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"7","key":"3795_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2164","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.186.7.2164-2172.2004","volume":"186","author":"A Nascimento","year":"2004","unstructured":"Nascimento A, Ko AI, Martins EAL, Monteiro-Vitorello CB, Ho PL, Haake D, Verjovski-Almeida S, Hartskeerl R. Marques MdV, Oliveira MCd: comparative genomics of two Leptospira interrogans serovars reveals novel insights into physiology and pathogenesis. J Bacteriol. 2004;186(7):2164\u201372.","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"issue":"8","key":"3795_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1210","DOI":"10.1038\/cr.2011.46","volume":"21","author":"Y Zhong","year":"2011","unstructured":"Zhong Y, Chang X, Cao X-J, Zhang Y, Zheng H, Zhu Y, Cai C, Cui Z, Zhang Y, Li Y-Y. Comparative proteogenomic analysis of the Leptospira interrogans virulence-attenuated strain IPAV against the pathogenic strain 56601. Cell Res. 2011;21(8):1210\u201329.","journal-title":"Cell Res"},{"key":"3795_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bulach DM, Zuerner RL, Wilson P, Seemann T, McGrath A, Cullen PA, Davis J, Johnson M, Kuczek E, Alt DP. Genome reduction in Leptospira borgpetersenii reflects limited transmission potential. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2006, 103(39):14560\u201314565.","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0603979103"},{"key":"3795_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lehmann JS, Fouts DE, Haft DH, Cannella AP, Ricaldi JN, Brinkac L, Harkins D, Durkin S, Sanka R, Sutton G. Pathogenomic inference of virulence-associated genes in Leptospira interrogans. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2013, 7(10).","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0002468"},{"key":"3795_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fouts DE, Matthias MA, Adhikarla H, Adler B, Amorim-Santos L, Berg DE, Bulach D, Buschiazzo A, Chang Y-F, Galloway RL. What makes a bacterial species pathogenic? Comparative genomic analysis of the genus Leptospira. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2016, 10(2).","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0004403"},{"key":"3795_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Picardeau M, Bulach DM, Bouchier C, Zuerner RL, Zidane N, Wilson PJ, Creno S, Kuczek ES, Bommezzadri S, Davis JC. Genome sequence of the saprophyte Leptospira biflexa provides insights into the evolution of Leptospira and the pathogenesis of leptospirosis. PLoS ONE 2008, 3(2).","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0001607"},{"key":"3795_CR18","first-page":"149","volume":"8","author":"Y Xu","year":"2017","unstructured":"Xu Y, Zheng H, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Zhang J, Li Z, Cui S, Xin X, Ye Q, Chang Y-F. Genomic analysis of a new serovar of Leptospira weilii serogroup Manhao. Front Microbiol. 2017;8:149.","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"key":"3795_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20020","DOI":"10.1038\/srep20020","volume":"6","author":"Y Xu","year":"2016","unstructured":"Xu Y, Zhu Y, Wang Y, Chang YF, Zhang Y, Jiang X, Zhuang X, Zhu Y, Zhang J, Zeng L, et al. Whole genome sequencing revealed host adaptation-focused genomic plasticity of pathogenic Leptospira. Sci Rep. 2016;6:20020.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"5","key":"3795_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0007270","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0007270","volume":"13","author":"AT Vincent","year":"2019","unstructured":"Vincent AT, Schiettekatte O, Goarant C, Neela VK, Bernet E, Thibeaux R, Ismail N, Mohd Khalid MKN, Amran F, Masuzawa T, et al. Revisiting the taxonomy and evolution of pathogenicity of the genus Leptospira through the prism of genomics. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2019;13(5):e0007270.","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"3795_CR21","unstructured":"Pritchard L, Cock P, Esen \u00d6. pyani v0. 2.8: average nucleotide identity (ANI) and related measures for whole genome comparisons. 2019."},{"issue":"24","key":"3795_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7696","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.02411-13","volume":"79","author":"B Contreras-Moreira","year":"2013","unstructured":"Contreras-Moreira B, Vinuesa P. GET_HOMOLOGUES, a versatile software package for scalable and robust microbial pangenome analysis. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2013;79(24):7696\u2013701.","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"key":"3795_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-62703-646-7_8","volume":"1079","author":"K Katoh","year":"2014","unstructured":"Katoh K, Standley DM. MAFFT: iterative refinement and additional methods. Methods Mol Biol. 2014;1079:131\u201346.","journal-title":"Methods Mol Biol"},{"issue":"4","key":"3795_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.1080\/10635150701472164","volume":"56","author":"G Talavera","year":"2007","unstructured":"Talavera G, Castresana J. Improvement of phylogenies after removing divergent and ambiguously aligned blocks from protein sequence alignments. Syst Biol. 2007;56(4):564\u201377.","journal-title":"Syst Biol"},{"issue":"9","key":"3795_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1312","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btu033","volume":"30","author":"A Stamatakis","year":"2014","unstructured":"Stamatakis A. RAxML version 8: a tool for phylogenetic analysis and post-analysis of large phylogenies. Bioinformatics. 2014;30(9):1312\u20133.","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"3795_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2105-8-460","volume":"8","author":"DH Huson","year":"2007","unstructured":"Huson DH, Richter DC, Rausch C, Dezulian T, Franz M, Rupp R. Dendroscope: an interactive viewer for large phylogenetic trees. BMC Bioinformatics. 2007;8:460.","journal-title":"BMC Bioinformatics"},{"issue":"Database issue","key":"3795_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"D325","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gki008","volume":"33","author":"L Chen","year":"2005","unstructured":"Chen L, Yang J, Yu J, Yao Z, Sun L, Shen Y, Jin Q. VFDB: a reference database for bacterial virulence factors. Nucleic Acids Res. 2005;33(Database issue):D325\u2013328.","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"issue":"D1","key":"3795_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"D693","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gky999","volume":"47","author":"S Sayers","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sayers S, Li L, Ong E, Deng S, Fu G, Lin Y, Yang B, Zhang S, Fa Z, Zhao B, et al. Victors: a web-based knowledge base of virulence factors in human and animal pathogens. Nucleic Acids Res. 2019;47(D1):D693\u2013700.","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"3795_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/28.1.33","volume":"28","author":"RL Tatusov","year":"2000","unstructured":"Tatusov RL, Galperin MY, Natale DA, Koonin EV. The COG database: a tool for genome-scale analysis of protein functions and evolution. Nucleic Acids Res. 2000;28(1):33\u20136.","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"3795_CR30","first-page":"77","volume":"9","author":"S Parthasarathy","year":"2017","unstructured":"Parthasarathy S, Azam S, Lakshman Sagar A, Narasimha Rao V, Gudla R, Parapatla H, Yakkala H, Ghanta Vemuri S, Siddavattam D. Genome-guided insights reveal Organophosphate-Degrading Brevundimonas diminuta as Sphingopyxis Wildii and define its versatile metabolic capabilities and environmental adaptations. Genome Biol Evol. 2017;9(1):77\u201381.","journal-title":"Genome Biol Evol"},{"issue":"5","key":"3795_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"472","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mib.2008.09.006","volume":"11","author":"H Tettelin","year":"2008","unstructured":"Tettelin H, Riley D, Cattuto C, Medini D. Comparative genomics: the bacterial pan-genome. Curr Opin Microbiol. 2008;11(5):472\u20137.","journal-title":"Curr Opin Microbiol"},{"issue":"D1","key":"3795_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"D457","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkv1070","volume":"44","author":"M Kanehisa","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kanehisa M, Sato Y, Kawashima M, Furumichi M, Tanabe M. KEGG as a reference resource for gene and protein annotation. Nucleic Acids Res. 2016;44(D1):D457\u2013462.","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"3795_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1861","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2019.01861","volume":"10","author":"K Thorell","year":"2019","unstructured":"Thorell K, Meier-Kolthoff JP, Sjoling A, Martin-Rodriguez AJ. Whole-genome sequencing redefines Shewanella Taxonomy. Front Microbiol. 2019;10:1861.","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"issue":"Pt 5","key":"3795_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1128","DOI":"10.1099\/ijs.0.031401-0","volume":"62","author":"SJ Kim","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kim SJ, Park SJ, Oh YS, Lee SA, Shin KS, Roh DH, Rhee SK. Shewanella arctica sp. nov., an iron-reducing bacterium isolated from Arctic Marine sediment. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol. 2012;62(Pt 5):1128\u201333.","journal-title":"Int J Syst Evol Microbiol"},{"issue":"Pt 1","key":"3795_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1099\/00207713-52-1-195","volume":"52","author":"N Bozal","year":"2002","unstructured":"Bozal N, Montes MJ, Tudela E, Jimenez F, Guinea J. Shewanella frigidimarina and Shewanella livingstonensis sp. nov. isolated from Antarctic coastal areas. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol. 2002;52(Pt 1):195\u2013205.","journal-title":"Int J Syst Evol Microbiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"3795_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5114","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-07641-9","volume":"9","author":"C Jain","year":"2018","unstructured":"Jain C, Rodriguez RL, Phillippy AM, Konstantinidis KT, Aluru S. High throughput ANI analysis of 90K prokaryotic genomes reveals clear species boundaries. Nat Commun. 2018;9(1):5114.","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"3795_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Thibeaux R, Iraola G, Ferres I, Bierque E, Girault D, Soupe-Gilbert ME, Picardeau M, Goarant C. Deciphering the unexplored Leptospira diversity from soils uncovers genomic evolution to virulence. Microb Genom 2018, 4(1).","DOI":"10.1099\/mgen.0.000144"},{"issue":"Pt 7","key":"3795_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2457","DOI":"10.1099\/ijs.0.047233-0","volume":"63","author":"M Saito","year":"2013","unstructured":"Saito M, Villanueva S, Kawamura Y, Iida KI, Tomida J, Kanemaru T, Kohno E, Miyahara S, Umeda A, Amako K, et al. Leptospira idonii sp. nov., isolated from environmental water. Int J Syst Evol MicroBiol. 2013;63(Pt 7):2457\u201362.","journal-title":"Int J Syst Evol MicroBiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"3795_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1111\/1348-0421.12551","volume":"62","author":"T Masuzawa","year":"2018","unstructured":"Masuzawa T, Sakakibara K, Saito M, Hidaka Y, Villanueva S, Yanagihara Y, Yoshida SI. Characterization of Leptospira species isolated from soil collected in Japan. Microbiol Immunol. 2018;62(1):55\u20139.","journal-title":"Microbiol Immunol"},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"3795_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1111\/1348-0421.12671","volume":"63","author":"T Masuzawa","year":"2019","unstructured":"Masuzawa T, Saito M, Nakao R, Nikaido Y, Matsumoto M, Ogawa M, Yokoyama M, Hidaka Y, Tomita J, Sakakibara K, et al. Molecular and phenotypic characterization of Leptospira johnsonii sp. nov., Leptospira ellinghausenii sp. nov. and Leptospira ryugenii sp. nov. isolated from soil and water in Japan. Microbiol Immunol. 2019;63(3\u20134):89\u201399.","journal-title":"Microbiol Immunol"},{"issue":"1","key":"3795_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1186\/s12864-018-4601-5","volume":"19","author":"RC Inglin","year":"2018","unstructured":"Inglin RC, Meile L, Stevens MJA. Clustering of Pan- and core-genome of Lactobacillus provides Novel Evolutionary insights for differentiation. BMC Genomics. 2018;19(1):284.","journal-title":"BMC Genomics"},{"issue":"6","key":"3795_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e101229","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0101229","volume":"9","author":"XY Gao","year":"2014","unstructured":"Gao XY, Zhi XY, Li HW, Klenk HP, Li WJ. Comparative genomics of the bacterial genus Streptococcus illuminates evolutionary implications of species groups. PLoS ONE. 2014;9(6):e101229.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"5","key":"3795_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1073","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.01021-13","volume":"196","author":"W Lu","year":"2014","unstructured":"Lu W, Wise MJ, Tay CY, Windsor HM, Marshall BJ, Peacock C, Perkins T. Comparative analysis of the full genome of Helicobacter pylori isolate Sahul64 identifies genes of high divergence. J Bacteriol. 2014;196(5):1073\u201383.","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"issue":"4","key":"3795_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e35698","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0035698","volume":"7","author":"W Liu","year":"2012","unstructured":"Liu W, Fang L, Li M, Li S, Guo S, Luo R, Feng Z, Li B, Zhou Z, Shao G, et al. Comparative genomics of Mycoplasma: analysis of conserved essential genes and diversity of the pan-genome. PLoS ONE. 2012;7(4):e35698.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"3795_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2012.00116","volume":"2","author":"B Segerman","year":"2012","unstructured":"Segerman B. The genetic integrity of bacterial species: the core genome and the accessory genome, two different stories. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2012;2:116.","journal-title":"Front Cell Infect Microbiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"3795_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro2670","volume":"10","author":"JP McCutcheon","year":"2011","unstructured":"McCutcheon JP, Moran NA. Extreme genome reduction in symbiotic bacteria. Nat Rev Microbiol. 2011;10(1):13\u201326.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol"},{"key":"3795_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"961","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2017.00961","volume":"8","author":"P Cao","year":"2017","unstructured":"Cao P, Guo D, Liu J, Jiang Q, Xu Z, Qu L. Genome-wide analyses reveal genes subject to positive selection in Pasteurella multocida. Front Microbiol. 2017;8:961.","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"3795_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt1212","volume":"24","author":"N Vodovar","year":"2006","unstructured":"Vodovar N, Vallenet D, Cruveiller S, Rouy Z, Barbe V, Acosta C, Cattolico L, Jubin C, Lajus A, Segurens B, et al. Complete genome sequence of the entomopathogenic and metabolically versatile soil bacterium Pseudomonas Entomophila. Nat Biotechnol. 2006;24(6):673\u20139.","journal-title":"Nat Biotechnol"},{"key":"3795_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2164-10-36","volume":"10","author":"KE Holt","year":"2009","unstructured":"Holt KE, Thomson NR, Wain J, Langridge GC, Hasan R, Bhutta ZA, Quail MA, Norbertczak H, Walker D, Simmonds M, et al. Pseudogene accumulation in the evolutionary histories of Salmonella enterica serovars Paratyphi A and Typhi. BMC Genomics. 2009;10:36.","journal-title":"BMC Genomics"},{"issue":"5","key":"3795_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2193","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0002193","volume":"3","author":"OR Crasta","year":"2008","unstructured":"Crasta OR, Folkerts O, Fei Z, Mane SP, Evans C, Martino-Catt S, Bricker B, Yu G, Du L, Sobral BW. Genome sequence of Brucella abortus vaccine strain S19 compared to virulent strains yields candidate virulence genes. PLoS ONE. 2008;3(5):e2193.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"Pt 9","key":"3795_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1173","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.009175-0","volume":"58","author":"GM Cerqueira","year":"2009","unstructured":"Cerqueira GM, McBride AJA, Picardeau M, Ribeiro SG, Moreira AN, Morel V, Reis MG, Ko AI, Dellagostin OA. Distribution of the leptospiral immunoglobulin-like (lig) genes in pathogenic Leptospira species and application of ligB to typing leptospiral isolates. J Med Microbiol. 2009;58(Pt 9):1173\u201381.","journal-title":"J Med Microbiol"},{"issue":"7","key":"3795_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e21962","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0021962","volume":"6","author":"R Oliveira","year":"2011","unstructured":"Oliveira R, de Morais ZM, Goncales AP, Romero EC, Vasconcellos SA, Nascimento AL. Characterization of novel OmpA-like protein of Leptospira interrogans that binds extracellular matrix molecules and plasminogen. PLoS ONE. 2011;6(7):e21962.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"11","key":"3795_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1188","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0001188","volume":"2","author":"B Stevenson","year":"2007","unstructured":"Stevenson B, Choy HA, Pinne M, Rotondi ML, Miller MC, Demoll E, Kraiczy P, Cooley AE, Creamer TP, Suchard MA, et al. Leptospira interrogans endostatin-like outer membrane proteins bind host fibronectin, laminin and regulators of complement. PLoS ONE. 2007;2(11):e1188.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"8","key":"3795_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1381","DOI":"10.1016\/j.febslet.2009.03.050","volume":"583","author":"E Carvalho","year":"2009","unstructured":"Carvalho E, Barbosa AS, Gomez RM, Cianciarullo AM, Hauk P, Abreu PA, Fiorini LC, Oliveira ML, Romero EC, Goncales AP, et al. Leptospiral TlyC is an extracellular matrix-binding protein and does not present hemolysin activity. FEBS Lett. 2009;583(8):1381\u20135.","journal-title":"FEBS Lett"},{"issue":"1","key":"3795_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1186\/s12864-019-5562-z","volume":"20","author":"A Kurilung","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kurilung A, Keeratipusana C, Suriyaphol P, Hampson DJ, Prapasarakul N. Genomic analysis of Leptospira interrogans Serovar Paidjan and Dadas isolates from carrier dogs and comparative genomic analysis to detect genes under positive selection. BMC Genomics. 2019;20(1):168.","journal-title":"BMC Genomics"},{"issue":"6","key":"3795_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e100349","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0100349","volume":"9","author":"AJ Brambila-Tapia","year":"2014","unstructured":"Brambila-Tapia AJ, Armenta-Medina D, Rivera-Gomez N, Perez-Rueda E. Main functions and taxonomic distribution of virulence genes in Brucella melitensis 16\u00a0M. PLoS ONE. 2014;9(6):e100349.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"8","key":"3795_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2768","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00531-13","volume":"81","author":"AM King","year":"2013","unstructured":"King AM, Bartpho T, Sermswan RW, Bulach DM, Eshghi A, Picardeau M, Adler B, Murray GL. Leptospiral outer membrane protein LipL41 is not essential for acute leptospirosis but requires a small chaperone protein, lep, for stable expression. Infect Immun. 2013;81(8):2768\u201376.","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"issue":"12","key":"3795_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e83246","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0083246","volume":"8","author":"MH Lin","year":"2013","unstructured":"Lin MH, Chang YC, Hsiao CD, Huang SH, Wang MS, Ko YC, Yang CW, Sun YJ. LipL41, a hemin binding protein from Leptospira santarosai serovar Shermani. PLoS ONE. 2013;8(12):e83246.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"1","key":"3795_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1064","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-79662-8","volume":"11","author":"SH Hsu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hsu SH, Chang MY, Lin SM, Ko YC, Chou LF, Tian YC, Hung CC, Yang CW. Peptidoglycan mediates Leptospira outer membrane protein Loa22 to toll-like receptor 2 for inflammatory interaction: a novel innate immune recognition. Sci Rep. 2021;11(1):1064.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"3795_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1186\/s12929-020-0617-7","volume":"27","author":"D Nie","year":"2020","unstructured":"Nie D, Hu Y, Chen Z, Li M, Hou Z, Luo X, Mao X, Xue X. Outer membrane protein A (OmpA) as a potential therapeutic target for Acinetobacter baumannii infection. J Biomed Sci. 2020;27(1):26.","journal-title":"J Biomed Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"3795_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14683","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-14972-y","volume":"7","author":"X Vila-Farres","year":"2017","unstructured":"Vila-Farres X, Parra-Millan R, Sanchez-Encinales V, Varese M, Ayerbe-Algaba R, Bayo N, Guardiola S, Pachon-Ibanez ME, Kotev M, Garcia J, et al. Combating virulence of Gram-negative bacilli by OmpA inhibition. Sci Rep. 2017;7(1):14683.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"7","key":"3795_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e41566","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0041566","volume":"7","author":"HA Choy","year":"2012","unstructured":"Choy HA. Multiple activities of LigB potentiate virulence of Leptospira interrogans: inhibition of alternative and classical pathways of complement. PLoS ONE. 2012;7(7):e41566.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"21","key":"3795_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12102","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkaa966","volume":"48","author":"RA Gaultney","year":"2020","unstructured":"Gaultney RA, Vincent AT, Lorioux C, Coppee JY, Sismeiro O, Varet H, Legendre R, Cockram CA, Veyrier FJ, Picardeau M. 4-Methylcytosine DNA modification is critical for global epigenetic regulation and virulence in the human pathogen Leptospira interrogans. Nucleic Acids Res. 2020;48(21):12102\u201315.","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"3795_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijmm.2006.10.002","volume":"297","author":"G Heusipp","year":"2007","unstructured":"Heusipp G, Falker S, Schmidt MA. DNA adenine methylation and bacterial pathogenesis. Int J Med Microbiol. 2007;297(1):1\u20137.","journal-title":"Int J Med Microbiol"},{"key":"3795_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1671","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2017.01671","volume":"8","author":"A Payelleville","year":"2017","unstructured":"Payelleville A, Lanois A, Gislard M, Dubois E, Roche D, Cruveiller S, Givaudan A, Brillard J. DNA adenine methyltransferase (dam) overexpression impairs Photorhabdus luminescens motility and virulence. Front Microbiol. 2017;8:1671.","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"issue":"19","key":"3795_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5645","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.183.19.5645-5650.2001","volume":"183","author":"S Dhandayuthapani","year":"2001","unstructured":"Dhandayuthapani S, Blaylock MW, Bebear CM, Rasmussen WG, Baseman JB. Peptide methionine sulfoxide reductase (MsrA) is a virulence determinant in Mycoplasma genitalium. J Bacteriol. 2001;183(19):5645\u201350.","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"issue":"9","key":"3795_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1000572","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1000572","volume":"5","author":"MA Llamas","year":"2009","unstructured":"Llamas MA, van der Sar A, Chu BC, Sparrius M, Vogel HJ, Bitter W. A novel extracytoplasmic function (ECF) sigma factor regulates virulence in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. PLoS Pathog. 2009;5(9):e1000572.","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"issue":"10","key":"3795_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4709","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1302692","volume":"192","author":"MC Greenlee-Wacker","year":"2014","unstructured":"Greenlee-Wacker MC, Rigby KM, Kobayashi SD, Porter AR, DeLeo FR, Nauseef WM. Phagocytosis of Staphylococcus aureus by human neutrophils prevents macrophage efferocytosis and induces programmed necrosis. J Immunol. 2014;192(10):4709\u201317.","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"issue":"1","key":"3795_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1111\/1462-2920.15293","volume":"23","author":"G Unden","year":"2021","unstructured":"Unden G, Klein R. Sensing of O(2) and nitrate by bacteria: alternative strategies for transcriptional regulation of nitrate respiration by O(2) and nitrate. Environ Microbiol. 2021;23(1):5\u201314.","journal-title":"Environ Microbiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"3795_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsb.2008.04.003","volume":"163","author":"PO Giuseppe","year":"2008","unstructured":"Giuseppe PO, Neves FO, Nascimento AL, Guimaraes BG. The leptospiral antigen Lp49 is a two-domain protein with putative protein binding function. J Struct Biol. 2008;163(1):53\u201360.","journal-title":"J Struct Biol"},{"issue":"5","key":"3795_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1701","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.65.5.1701-1709.1997","volume":"65","author":"KE Hagman","year":"1997","unstructured":"Hagman KE, Porcella SF, Popova TG, Norgard MV. Evidence for a methyl-accepting chemotaxis protein gene (mcp1) that encodes a putative sensory transducer in virulent Treponema pallidum. Infect Immun. 1997;65(5):1701\u20139.","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"3795_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zatakia HM, Arapov TD, Meier VM, Scharf BE. Cellular Stoichiometry of Methyl-accepting Chemotaxis proteins in Sinorhizobium meliloti. J Bacteriol 2018, 200(6).","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.00614-17"},{"issue":"1","key":"3795_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.02633-14","volume":"83","author":"Y Choi","year":"2015","unstructured":"Choi Y, Kim S, Hwang H, Kim KP, Kang DH, Ryu S. Plasmid-encoded MCP is involved in virulence, motility, and biofilm formation of Cronobacter sakazakii ATCC 29544. Infect Immun. 2015;83(1):197\u2013204.","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"issue":"7","key":"3795_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1105","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jit659","volume":"209","author":"K Kassegne","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kassegne K, Hu W, Ojcius DM, Sun D, Ge Y, Zhao J, Yang XF, Li L, Yan J. Identification of collagenase as a critical virulence factor for invasiveness and transmission of pathogenic Leptospira species. J Infect Dis. 2014;209(7):1105\u201315.","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"5","key":"3795_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micres.2012.12.005","volume":"168","author":"W Janwitthayanan","year":"2013","unstructured":"Janwitthayanan W, Keelawat S, Payungporn S, Lowanitchapat A, Suwancharoen D, Poovorawan Y, Chirathaworn C. In vivo gene expression and immunoreactivity of Leptospira collagenase. Microbiol Res. 2013;168(5):268\u201372.","journal-title":"Microbiol Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"3795_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1007\/s00284-009-9519-3","volume":"60","author":"E Carvalho","year":"2010","unstructured":"Carvalho E, Barbosa AS, Gomez RM, Oliveira ML, Romero EC, Goncales AP, Morais ZM, Vasconcellos SA, Ho PL. Evaluation of the expression and protective potential of Leptospiral sphingomyelinases. Curr Microbiol. 2010;60(2):134\u201342.","journal-title":"Curr Microbiol"},{"issue":"Pt 5","key":"3795_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1137","DOI":"10.1099\/mic.0.057737-0","volume":"158","author":"SA Narayanavari","year":"2012","unstructured":"Narayanavari SA, Sritharan M, Haake DA, Matsunaga J. Multiple leptospiral sphingomyelinases (or are there?). Microbiology. 2012;158(Pt 5):1137\u201346.","journal-title":"Microbiology"},{"issue":"3","key":"3795_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1128\/MMBR.00082-15","volume":"80","author":"M Flores-Diaz","year":"2016","unstructured":"Flores-Diaz M, Monturiol-Gross L, Naylor C, Alape-Giron A, Flieger A. Bacterial sphingomyelinases and Phospholipases as virulence factors. Microbiol Mol Biology Reviews: MMBR. 2016;80(3):597\u2013628.","journal-title":"Microbiol Mol Biology Reviews: MMBR"},{"issue":"6","key":"3795_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e38054","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0038054","volume":"7","author":"M Oda","year":"2012","unstructured":"Oda M, Hashimoto M, Takahashi M, Ohmae Y, Seike S, Kato R, Fujita A, Tsuge H, Nagahama M, Ochi S, et al. Role of sphingomyelinase in infectious diseases caused by Bacillus cereus. PLoS ONE. 2012;7(6):e38054.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"2","key":"3795_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.1007\/s00438-015-1135-2","volume":"291","author":"M Martins-Pinheiro","year":"2016","unstructured":"Martins-Pinheiro M, Schons-Fonseca L, da Silva JB, Domingos RH, Momo LH, Simoes AC, Ho PL, da Costa RM. Genomic survey and expression analysis of DNA repair genes in the genus Leptospira. Mol Genet Genomics: MGG. 2016;291(2):703\u201322.","journal-title":"Mol Genet Genomics: MGG"},{"key":"3795_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2970","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2019.02970","volume":"10","author":"C Zhang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zhang C, Ren X, Wang X, Wan Q, Ding K, Chen L. FgRad50 regulates Fungal Development, pathogenicity, Cell Wall Integrity and the DNA damage response in Fusarium Graminearum. Front Microbiol. 2019;10:2970.","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"3795_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e5276","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0005276","volume":"4","author":"JE Koenig","year":"2009","unstructured":"Koenig JE, Sharp C, Dlutek M, Curtis B, Joss M, Boucher Y, Doolittle WF. Integron gene cassettes and degradation of compounds associated with industrial waste: the case of the Sydney tar ponds. PLoS ONE. 2009;4(4):e5276.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"4","key":"3795_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1093\/labmed\/lmw030","volume":"47","author":"S Derakhshan","year":"2016","unstructured":"Derakhshan S, Najar Peerayeh S, Bakhshi B. Association between Presence of virulence genes and Antibiotic Resistance in Clinical Klebsiella Pneumoniae isolates. Lab Med. 2016;47(4):306\u201311.","journal-title":"Lab Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"3795_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s00239-004-0311-5","volume":"62","author":"R Merkl","year":"2006","unstructured":"Merkl R. A comparative categorization of protein function encoded in bacterial or archeal genomic islands. J Mol Evol. 2006;62(1):1\u201314.","journal-title":"J Mol Evol"},{"key":"3795_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1186\/s40793-015-0098-6","volume":"10","author":"S Zubair","year":"2015","unstructured":"Zubair S, Fischer A, Liljander A, Meens J, Hegerman J, Gourle H, Bishop RP, Roebbelen I, Younan M, Mustafa MI, et al. Complete genome sequence of Staphylococcus aureus, strain ILRI_Eymole1\/1, isolated from a Kenyan dromedary camel. Stand Genomic Sci. 2015;10:109.","journal-title":"Stand Genomic Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"3795_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-5793(96)00631-X","volume":"390","author":"C Ouzounis","year":"1996","unstructured":"Ouzounis C, Kyrpides N. The emergence of major cellular processes in evolution. FEBS Lett. 1996;390(2):119\u201323.","journal-title":"FEBS Lett"},{"key":"3795_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117693431881078","DOI":"10.1177\/1176934318810785","volume":"14","author":"Y Nakamura","year":"2018","unstructured":"Nakamura Y. Prediction of horizontally and widely transferred genes in Prokaryotes. Evol Bioinform Online. 2018;14:1176934318810785.","journal-title":"Evol Bioinform Online"},{"key":"3795_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2180-9-86","volume":"9","author":"PM Moolhuijzen","year":"2009","unstructured":"Moolhuijzen PM, Lew-Tabor AE, Wlodek BM, Aguero FG, Comerci DJ, Ugalde RA, Sanchez DO, Appels R, Bellgard M. Genomic analysis of Campylobacter fetus subspecies: identification of candidate virulence determinants and diagnostic assay targets. BMC Microbiol. 2009;9:86.","journal-title":"BMC Microbiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"3795_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2164-4-51","volume":"4","author":"J Valdes","year":"2003","unstructured":"Valdes J, Veloso F, Jedlicki E, Holmes D. Metabolic reconstruction of sulfur assimilation in the extremophile Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans based on genome analysis. BMC Genomics. 2003;4(1):51.","journal-title":"BMC Genomics"},{"key":"3795_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Zhang J-J et al. The sigma factor \u03c354 is required for the long\u2010term survival of Leptospira biflexa in water. Mol Microbiol. 2018;109(1):63\u201377. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/mmi.13967.","DOI":"10.1111\/mmi.13967"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"3795_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S3","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2105-10-S1-S3","volume":"10","author":"GX Yu","year":"2009","unstructured":"Yu GX. Pathogenic Bacillus anthracis in the progressive gene losses and gains in adaptive evolution. BMC Bioinformatics. 2009;10(Suppl 1):S3.","journal-title":"BMC Bioinformatics"},{"key":"3795_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gori A, Harrison OB, Mlia E, Nishihara Y, Chan JM, Msefula J, Mallewa M, Dube Q, Swarthout TD, Nobbs AH et al. Pan-GWAS of Streptococcus agalactiae Highlights Lineage-Specific Genes Associated with Virulence and Niche Adaptation. mBio 2020, 11(3).","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.00728-20"},{"issue":"5","key":"3795_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"fov035","DOI":"10.1093\/femsyr\/fov035","volume":"15","author":"KH Wolfe","year":"2015","unstructured":"Wolfe KH, Armisen D, Proux-Wera E, OhEigeartaigh SS, Azam H, Gordon JL, Byrne KP. Clade- and species-specific features of genome evolution in the Saccharomycetaceae. FEMS Yeast Res. 2015;15(5):fov035.","journal-title":"FEMS Yeast Res"}],"container-title":["BMC Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12866-025-03795-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12866-025-03795-x\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12866-025-03795-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,26]],"date-time":"2025-04-26T07:02:22Z","timestamp":1745650942000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcmicrobiol.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12866-025-03795-x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,26]]},"references-count":93,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["3795"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12866-025-03795-x","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2180"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2180","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,26]]},"assertion":[{"value":"20 September 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"29 January 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"26 April 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not Applicable (The study does not involve experiments on Human or Animal or their samples which requires ethical approval).","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not Applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"248"}}