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This study investigated the presence of BAs including tyramine and histamine in 240 samples of some cheese and fermented milk samples using high-performance liquid chromatography. Another aim of this study is to isolate and identify <jats:italic>Enterococcus<\/jats:italic> spp. as the most important and frequent BA producer in the examined samples. The isolated <jats:italic>Enterococcus<\/jats:italic> spp. was investigated phenotypically for their capacity to produce amino acid decarboxylase enzyme using decarboxylase microplate assay, and genotypically through molecular detection of some genes encoding amino acid decarboxylation (<jats:italic>tyrdc<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>hdc<\/jats:italic>). Biogenic amines producing enterococci were then investigated for their antimicrobial resistance, biofilm production as well as their virulence determinants.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Tyramine and histamine could be detected in 86.7 and 87.9% of the investigated samples with 52.9% being contaminated with <jats:italic>Enterococcus<\/jats:italic> spp. Significant correlation between the incidence of <jats:italic>Enterococci <\/jats:italic>\n              <jats:italic>enterococci<\/jats:italic> and BAs formed in the examined samples (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.0001). <jats:italic>tyrdc<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>hdc<\/jats:italic> genes were detected in 85 and 5% of amino acid decarboxylating <jats:italic>Enterococcus<\/jats:italic> spp., respectively. A high percentage of <jats:italic>Enterococcus<\/jats:italic> isolates (57.5%) were multidrug-resistant and resistance against penicillin was widespread among isolates followed by tetracycline, vancomycin, erythromycin and linezolid. Also, 77.5% of the isolates were capable of forming biofilms and a highly significant correlation (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.0001) was found between biofilm formation and multidrug resistance. The results showed that the rates of most virulence genes <jats:italic>gelE<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>esp<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>ace<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>asa1<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>cylA<\/jats:italic> were 77.5. 47.5, 47.5, 35 and 7.5%, respectively, while the <jats:italic>hyl<\/jats:italic> gene was not detected in any isolates.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The study highlights the significant presence of BAs (TYM and HIS) in cheese and fermented milk samples, with a strong correlation between enterococci contamination and TYM production. The high prevalence of tyramine-producing <jats:italic>Enterococcus<\/jats:italic> species poses a notable public health concern especially with the high prevalence of multidrug-resistant, biofilm production and virulence in BAs producing <jats:italic>Enterococcus<\/jats:italic> spp. in dairy products, emphasizing the urgent need for improved antimicrobial stewardship among food producers and veterinarians to mitigate the risk of transferring resistant strains to humans.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12866-025-03940-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,23]],"date-time":"2025-04-23T02:45:37Z","timestamp":1745376337000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Molecular characterization of histidine and tyrosine decarboxylating Enterococcus species isolated from some milk products"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Obeid","family":"Shanab","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Faten","family":"Fareed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmed Y.","family":"Nassar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2547-0709","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hanan H.","family":"Abd-Elhafeez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmed Shaban","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mona A.","family":"El-Zamkan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"3940_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3612","DOI":"10.1111\/1541-4337.12980","volume":"21","author":"M Moniente","year":"2022","unstructured":"Moniente M, Botello-Morte L, Garc\u00eda-Gonzalo D, Pag\u00e1n R, Onta\u00f1\u00f3n I. 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