{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T15:48:35Z","timestamp":1793116115437,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,28]],"date-time":"2025-04-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1745798400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,28]],"date-time":"2025-04-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1745798400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Beijing Natural Science Foundation-Daxing Innovation Joint Fund Project","award":["L246043"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["L246043"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004826","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Beijing Municipality","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["L222073"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["L222073"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004826","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Microbiol"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s12866-025-03967-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,28]],"date-time":"2025-04-28T05:17:05Z","timestamp":1745817425000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["In-vitro antimicrobial activity of new antimicrobial agents against Streptococcus pneumoniae and potential resistance mechanisms: a multicenter study"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Zichen","family":"Lei","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qi","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yiqun","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinrui","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hao","family":"Zu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ziyao","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Feilong","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dongya","family":"Pu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yulin","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Binghuai","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,28]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"3967_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-018-0001-8","volume":"16","author":"JN Weiser","year":"2018","unstructured":"Weiser JN, Ferreira DM, Paton JC. Streptococcus pneumoniae: transmission, colonization and invasion. Nat Rev Microbiol. 2018;16(6):355\u201367.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol"},{"issue":"11","key":"3967_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1191","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(18)30310-4","volume":"18","author":"Estimates of the","year":"2018","unstructured":"Estimates of the. global, regional, and National morbidity, mortality, and aetiologies of lower respiratory infections in 195 countries, 1990\u20132016: a systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2016. Lancet Infect Dis. 2018;18(11):1191\u2013210.","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"issue":"10369","key":"3967_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2221","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(22)02185-7","volume":"400","author":"Global mortality associated","year":"2022","unstructured":"Global mortality associated. With 33 bacterial pathogens in 2019: a systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2019. Lancet. 2022;400(10369):2221\u201348.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"11","key":"3967_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7437","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.0c01009","volume":"92","author":"MA Campanero-Rhodes","year":"2020","unstructured":"Campanero-Rhodes MA, Lacoma A, Prat C, Garc\u00eda E, Sol\u00eds D. Development and evaluation of a microarray platform for detection of serum antibodies against Streptococcus pneumoniae capsular polysaccharides. Anal Chem. 2020;92(11):7437\u201343.","journal-title":"Anal Chem"},{"key":"3967_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268822001881","volume":"151","author":"H Chen","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chen H, Liu C. Molecular epidemiology of Streptococcus pneumoniae isosslated from children with community-acquired pneumonia under 5 years in Chengdu, China. Epidemiol Infect. 2022;151:e2.","journal-title":"Epidemiol Infect"},{"key":"3967_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127221","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micres.2022.127221","volume":"266","author":"L Li","year":"2023","unstructured":"Li L, Ma J, Yu Z, Li M, Zhang W, Sun H. Epidemiological characteristics and antibiotic resistance mechanisms of Streptococcus pneumoniae: an updated review. Microbiol Res. 2023;266:127221.","journal-title":"Microbiol Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"3967_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"fuaa072","DOI":"10.1093\/femsre\/fuaa072","volume":"45","author":"F Cools","year":"2021","unstructured":"Cools F, Delputte P, Cos P. The search for novel treatment strategies for Streptococcus pneumoniae infections. FEMS Microbiol Rev. 2021;45(4):fuaa072.","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol Rev"},{"issue":"5","key":"3967_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines9050420","volume":"9","author":"C Scelfo","year":"2021","unstructured":"Scelfo C, Menzella F, Fontana M, Ghidoni G, Galeone C, Facciolongo NC. Pneumonia and invasive Pneumococcal diseases: the role of Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in the era of multi-drug resistance. Vaccines. 2021;9(5):420.","journal-title":"Vaccines"},{"key":"3967_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2021.07.005","volume":"26","author":"YC Chien","year":"2021","unstructured":"Chien YC, Lee YL, Liu PY, Lu MC, Shao PL, Lu PL, Cheng SH, Lin CY, Wu TS, Yen MY, et al. National surveillance of antimicrobial susceptibilities to Dalbavancin, Telavancin, Tedizolid, Eravacycline, Omadacycline and other comparator antibiotics and serotype distribution of invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates in adults: results from the surveillance of multicenter antimicrobial resistance in Taiwan (SMART) programme in 2017\u20132020. J Glob Antimicrob Resist. 2021;26:308\u201316.","journal-title":"J Glob Antimicrob Resist"},{"key":"3967_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"658558","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2021.658558","volume":"12","author":"X Li","year":"2021","unstructured":"Li X, Chen Y, Xu X, Li Y, Fan Y, Liu X, Bian X, Wu H, Zhao X, Feng M, et al. Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of Nemonoxacin in a neutropenic murine lung infection model against Streptococcus Pneumoniae. Front Pharmacol. 2021;12:658558.","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"key":"3967_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"729900","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2021.729900","volume":"12","author":"S Wang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wang S, Cai C, Shen Y, Sun C, Shi Q, Wu N, Zheng S, Qian J, Zhang R, Zhou H. In vitro activity of contezolid against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococcus, and strains with linezolid resistance genes from China. Front Microbiol. 2021;12:729900.","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"key":"3967_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"726740","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2021.726740","volume":"11","author":"Z Yan","year":"2021","unstructured":"Yan Z, Cui Y, Huang X, Lei S, Zhou W, Tong W, Chen W, Shen M, Wu K, Jiang Y. Molecular characterization based on Whole-Genome sequencing of Streptococcus pneumoniae in children living in Southwest China during 2017\u20132019. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2021;11:726740.","journal-title":"Front Cell Infect Microbiol"},{"issue":"22","key":"3967_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3691","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btv421","volume":"31","author":"AJ Page","year":"2015","unstructured":"Page AJ, Cummins CA, Hunt M, Wong VK, Reuter S, Holden MT, Fookes M, Falush D, Keane JA, Parkhill J. Roary: rapid large-scale prokaryote pan genome analysis. Bioinformatics. 2015;31(22):3691\u20133.","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"issue":"14","key":"3967_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2068","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btu153","volume":"30","author":"T Seemann","year":"2014","unstructured":"Seemann T. Prokka: rapid prokaryotic genome annotation. Bioinformatics. 2014;30(14):2068\u20139.","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"3967_CR15","unstructured":"Lewis I, James S. Performance standards for antimicrobial susceptibility testing. (No Title)."},{"issue":"8","key":"3967_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1266","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jit315","volume":"208","author":"R Link-Gelles","year":"2013","unstructured":"Link-Gelles R, Thomas A, Lynfield R, Petit S, Schaffner W, Harrison L, Farley MM, Aragon D, Nicols M, Kirley PD, et al. Geographic and Temporal trends in antimicrobial nonsusceptibility in Streptococcus pneumoniae in the post-vaccine era in the united States. J Infect Dis. 2013;208(8):1266\u201373.","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"9","key":"3967_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2422","DOI":"10.1080\/21645515.2016.1174356","volume":"12","author":"R DeAntonio","year":"2016","unstructured":"DeAntonio R, Yarzabal JP, Cruz JP, Schmidt JE, Kleijnen J. Epidemiology of community-acquired pneumonia and implications for vaccination of children living in developing and newly industrialized countries: A systematic literature review. Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2016;12(9):2422\u201340.","journal-title":"Hum Vaccin Immunother"},{"issue":"2","key":"3967_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmii.2022.08.018","volume":"56","author":"H Huang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Huang H, Lin CY, Chiu NC, Huang DT, Huang CY, Chi H. Antimicrobial susceptibility and serotype replacement of Streptococcus pneumoniae in children before and after PCV13 introduction in Taiwan. J Microbiol Immunol Infect. 2023;56(2):299\u2013310.","journal-title":"J Microbiol Immunol Infect"},{"key":"3967_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiotec.2016.12.022","volume":"243","author":"RH Deurenberg","year":"2017","unstructured":"Deurenberg RH, Bathoorn E, Chlebowicz MA, Couto N, Ferdous M, Garc\u00eda-Cobos S, Kooistra-Smid AM, Raangs EC, Rosema S, Veloo AC, et al. Application of next generation sequencing in clinical microbiology and infection prevention. J Biotechnol. 2017;243:16\u201324.","journal-title":"J Biotechnol"},{"key":"3967_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Narciso AR, Dookie R, Nannapaneni P, Normark S, Henriques-Normark B. Streptococcus pneumoniae epidemiology, pathogenesis and control. Nat Rev Microbiol 2024.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-024-01116-z"},{"issue":"6","key":"3967_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1582","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkt541","volume":"69","author":"RE Mendes","year":"2014","unstructured":"Mendes RE, Hogan PA, Streit JM, Jones RN, Flamm RK. Zyvox\u00ae annual appraisal of potency and spectrum (ZAAPS) program: report of linezolid activity over 9 years (2004-12). J Antimicrob Chemother. 2014;69(6):1582\u20138.","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"3967_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.2217\/fmb-2023-0170","volume":"19","author":"M Heidary","year":"2024","unstructured":"Heidary M, Dashtbin S, Asadi A, Asadollahi P, Khatib A, Ebrahimi MA, Ghanbari Z, Darbandi A, Ghanavati R, Pakzad R. Prevalence of linezolid resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Future Microbiol. 2024;19:449\u201359.","journal-title":"Future Microbiol"},{"issue":"9277","key":"3967_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(01)05410-1","volume":"358","author":"S Tsiodras","year":"2001","unstructured":"Tsiodras S, Gold HS, Sakoulas G, Eliopoulos GM, Wennersten C, Venkataraman L, Moellering RC, Ferraro MJ. Linezolid resistance in a clinical isolate of Staphylococcus aureus. Lancet. 2001;358(9277):207\u20138.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"7","key":"3967_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2154","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.45.7.2154-2156.2001","volume":"45","author":"J Prystowsky","year":"2001","unstructured":"Prystowsky J, Siddiqui F, Chosay J, Shinabarger DL, Millichap J, Peterson LR, Noskin GA. Resistance to linezolid: characterization of mutations in rRNA and comparison of their occurrences in vancomycin-resistant enterococci. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2001;45(7):2154\u20136.","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"issue":"7","key":"3967_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2500","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00131-06","volume":"50","author":"KS Long","year":"2006","unstructured":"Long KS, Poehlsgaard J, Kehrenberg C, Schwarz S, Vester B. The Cfr rRNA methyltransferase confers resistance to phenicols, Lincosamides, Oxazolidinones, pleuromutilins, and Streptogramin A antibiotics. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2006;50(7):2500\u20135.","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"issue":"8","key":"3967_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2182","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkv116","volume":"70","author":"Y Wang","year":"2015","unstructured":"Wang Y, Lv Y, Cai J, Schwarz S, Cui L, Hu Z, Zhang R, Li J, Zhao Q, He T, et al. A novel gene, OptrA, that confers transferable resistance to Oxazolidinones and phenicols and its presence in Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium of human and animal origin. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2015;70(8):2182\u201390.","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"issue":"4","key":"3967_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"592","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkh125","volume":"53","author":"G Bauer","year":"2004","unstructured":"Bauer G, Berens C, Projan SJ, Hillen W. Comparison of Tetracycline and Tigecycline binding to ribosomes mapped by dimethylsulphate and drug-directed Fe2\u2009+\u2009cleavage of 16S rRNA. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2004;53(4):592\u20139.","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"issue":"3","key":"3967_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.3855\/jidc.10376","volume":"13","author":"B Veeraraghavan","year":"2019","unstructured":"Veeraraghavan B, Poojary A, Shankar C, Bari AK, Kukreja S, Thukkaram B, Neethimohan RG, Bakhtavachalam YD, Kamat S. In-vitro activity of Tigecycline and comparator agents against common pathogens: Indian experience. J Infect Dev Ctries. 2019;13(3):245\u201350.","journal-title":"J Infect Dev Ctries"},{"issue":"4","key":"3967_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2017.08.014","volume":"89","author":"Q Yang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Yang Q, Xu YC, Kiratisin P, Dowzicky MJ. Antimicrobial activity among gram-positive and gram-negative organisms collected from the Asia-Pacific region as part of the Tigecycline evaluation and surveillance trial: comparison of 2015 results with previous years. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis. 2017;89(4):314\u201323.","journal-title":"Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"3967_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"775","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkn555","volume":"63","author":"NC Gordon","year":"2009","unstructured":"Gordon NC, Wareham DW. A review of clinical and Microbiological outcomes following treatment of infections involving multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii with Tigecycline. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2009;63(4):775\u201380.","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"issue":"10","key":"3967_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4911","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00418-13","volume":"57","author":"A Lupien","year":"2013","unstructured":"Lupien A, Billal DS, Fani F, Soualhine H, Zhanel GG, Leprohon P, Ouellette M. Genomic characterization of Ciprofloxacin resistance in a laboratory-derived mutant and a clinical isolate of Streptococcus pneumoniae. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2013;57(10):4911\u20139.","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"issue":"11","key":"3967_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2973","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkv211","volume":"70","author":"A Lupien","year":"2015","unstructured":"Lupien A, Gingras H, Leprohon P, Ouellette M. Induced Tigecycline resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae mutants reveals mutations in ribosomal proteins and rRNA. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2015;70(11):2973\u201380.","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"issue":"4\u20135","key":"3967_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijmm.2017.04.003","volume":"307","author":"J Schmitz","year":"2017","unstructured":"Schmitz J, van der Linden M, Al-Lahham A, Levina N, Pletz MW, Im\u00f6hl M. Fluoroquinolone resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates in Germany from 2004\u20132005 to 2014\u20132015. Int J Med Microbiol. 2017;307(4\u20135):216\u201322.","journal-title":"Int J Med Microbiol"},{"issue":"9","key":"3967_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1462","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1209.051400","volume":"12","author":"MW Pletz","year":"2006","unstructured":"Pletz MW, Fugit RV, McGee L, Glasheen JJ, Keller DL, Welte T, Klugman KP. Fluoroquinolone-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae. Emerg Infect Dis. 2006;12(9):1462\u20133.","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"}],"container-title":["BMC Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12866-025-03967-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12866-025-03967-9\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12866-025-03967-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,28]],"date-time":"2025-04-28T05:17:08Z","timestamp":1745817428000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcmicrobiol.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12866-025-03967-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,28]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["3967"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12866-025-03967-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2180"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2180","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,28]]},"assertion":[{"value":"24 December 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"14 April 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"28 April 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Given the retrospective nature of this cohort study using anonymous clinical data, the Ethics Committee of China-Japan Friendship Hospital (approval No. 2022-KY-054) granted ethical approval with a waiver of informed consent for the use of medical records and\n                      S. pneumoniae\n                      strains.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"255"}}