{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T22:36:59Z","timestamp":1788907019670,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,23]],"date-time":"2025-08-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1755907200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,23]],"date-time":"2025-08-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1755907200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Microbiol"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s12866-025-04124-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,23]],"date-time":"2025-08-23T11:27:29Z","timestamp":1755948449000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Reverse vaccinology-based identification and in silico characterization of immunogenic membrane proteins of Salmonella Typhimurium as novel vaccine targets against multidrug-resistant infections"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Tooba Ume","family":"Habiba","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zahid","family":"Hussain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fatima","family":"Asghar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wajeeha","family":"Nawaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,23]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"4124_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2640","DOI":"10.1111\/jam.15055","volume":"131","author":"KT Sears","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sears KT, Galen JE, Tennant SM. Advances in the development of Salmonella-based vaccine strategies for protection against salmonellosis in humans. J Appl Microbiol. 2021;131(6):2640\u201358. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jam.15055.","journal-title":"J Appl Microbiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"4124_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1440","DOI":"10.22092\/ARI.2023.78.5.1440","volume":"78","author":"FE Ghadi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ghadi FE, Roudbari Z, Razavi R. Designing of multi-epitope peptide vaccine based on outer membrane proteins ompf, ompc, and PgtE of Salmonella enterica Typhi. Arch Razi Inst. 2023;78(5):1440. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.22092\/ARI.2023.78.5.1440.","journal-title":"Arch Razi Inst"},{"issue":"1","key":"4124_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1186\/s12859-023-05183-6","volume":"24","author":"B Beikzadeh","year":"2023","unstructured":"Beikzadeh B. Immunoinformatics design of multi-epitope vaccine using ompa, OmpD and enterotoxin against non-typhoidal salmonellosis. BMC Bioinformatics. 2023;24(1):63. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12859-023-05183-6.","journal-title":"BMC Bioinformatics"},{"issue":"2","key":"4124_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.4161\/gmic.19141","volume":"3","author":"P Broz","year":"2012","unstructured":"Broz P, Ohlson MB, Monack DM. Innate immune response to Salmonella typhimurium, a model enteric pathogen. Gut Microbes. 2012;3(2):62\u201370. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4161\/gmic.19141.","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"},{"key":"4124_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106130","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2023.106130","volume":"180","author":"MH Jafari Najaf Abadi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Jafari Najaf Abadi MH, Abdi Abyaneh F, Zare N, Zamani J, Abdoli A, Aslanbeigi F, et al. Silico design and immunoinformatics analysis of a chimeric vaccine construct based on Salmonella pathogenesis factors. Microb Pathog. 2023;180:106130. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.micpath.2023.106130.","journal-title":"Microb Pathog"},{"issue":"1","key":"4124_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1186\/s13567-017-0474-x","volume":"48","author":"G Won","year":"2017","unstructured":"Won G, Lee JH. Salmonella Typhimurium, the major causative agent of foodborne illness inactivated by a phage Lysis system provides effective protection against lethal challenge by induction of robust cell-mediated immune responses and activation of dendritic cells. Vet Res. 2017;48(1):66. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13567-017-0474-x.","journal-title":"Vet Res"},{"key":"4124_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Marchello C, Birkhold M, Crump J, Martin L, Owusu-Ansah M, Breghi G, et al. Complications and mortality of nontyphoidal Salmonella invasive disease: a global systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Infect Dis. 2022;22. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1473-3099(21)00615-0.","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(21)00615-0"},{"issue":"7","key":"4124_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1359","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms12071359","volume":"12","author":"Y Xu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Xu Y, Yu Z, Wu S, Song M, Cui L, Sun S, et al. Pathogenicity of multidrug-resistant Salmonella typhimurium isolated from ducks. Microorganisms. 2024;12(7):1359. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/microorganisms12071359.","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"key":"4124_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"805384","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2022.805384","volume":"12","author":"B Gong","year":"2022","unstructured":"Gong B, Li H, Feng Y, Zeng S, Zhuo Z, Luo J, Chen X, Li X. Prevalence, serotype distribution and antimicrobial resistance of non-typhoidal Salmonella in hospitalized patients in Conghua district of guangzhou, China. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2022;12:805384. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fcimb.2022.805384.","journal-title":"Front Cell Infect Microbiol"},{"issue":"9","key":"4124_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1461","DOI":"10.1128\/CVI.00093-08","volume":"15","author":"N Hamid","year":"2008","unstructured":"Hamid N, Jain SK. Characterization of an outer membrane protein of Salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium that confers protection against typhoid. Clin Vaccine Immunol. 2008;15(9):1461\u201371. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/CVI.00093-08.","journal-title":"Clin Vaccine Immunol"},{"issue":"1","key":"4124_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102983doi","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jksus.2023.102983","volume":"36","author":"K Latif","year":"2024","unstructured":"Latif K, Naz S, Altaf I, Bashir R, Saleem F, Munir N, et al. Immunoprophylactic potential of Recombinant outer membrane protein of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi against enteric fever in balb\/c mice. J King Saud Univ Sci. 2024;36(1):102983doi. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jksus.2023.102983.","journal-title":"J King Saud Univ Sci"},{"issue":"9","key":"4124_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"746","DOI":"10.1128\/CVI.00258-16","volume":"23","author":"EE Higginson","year":"2016","unstructured":"Higginson EE, Simon R, Tennant SM. Animal models for salmonellosis: applications in vaccine research. Clin Vaccine Immunol. 2016;23(9):746\u201356. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/CVI.00258-16.","journal-title":"Clin Vaccine Immunol"},{"key":"4124_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106240","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2024.106240","volume":"308","author":"YI Mora-Ochoa","year":"2024","unstructured":"Mora-Ochoa YI, Ramirez-Cando LJ. Salmonella pathogenesis-based in-silico design and immunoinformatic analysis of multi-epitope vaccine constructs in broiler veterinary medicine. Turk Vet J. 2024;308:106240. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tvjl.2024.106240.","journal-title":"Turk Vet J"},{"issue":"3","key":"4124_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms8030407","volume":"8","author":"M Wang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wang M, Qazi IH, Wang L, Zhou G, Han H. Salmonella virulence and immune escape. Microorganisms. 2020;8(3):407. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/microorganisms8030407.","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"issue":"5\u20136","key":"4124_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1016\/s0264-410x(99)00246-7","volume":"18","author":"MD DiPetrillo","year":"1999","unstructured":"DiPetrillo MD, Tibbetts T, Kleanthous H, Killeen KP, Hohmann EL. Safety and immunogenicity of phoP\/phoQ-deleted Salmonella Typhi expressing Helicobacter pylori urease in adult volunteers. Vaccine. 1999;18(5\u20136):449\u201359. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0264-410x(99)00246-7.","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"issue":"2","key":"4124_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-695X.2007.00307.x","volume":"51","author":"HY Lee","year":"2007","unstructured":"Lee HY, Cho SA, Lee IS, Park JH, Seok SH, Baek MW, et al. Evaluation of PhoP and RpoS mutants of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi as attenuated typhoid vaccine candidates: virulence and protective immune responses in intranasally immunized mice. FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol. 2007;51(2):310\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1574-695X.2007.00307.x.","journal-title":"FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"4124_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0009231","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0009231","volume":"15","author":"R Sierocki","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sierocki R, Jneid B, Orsini Delgado ML, Plaisance M, Maill\u00e8re B, Nozach H, et al. An antibody targeting type III secretion system induces broad protection against Salmonella and Shigella infections. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2021;15(3):e0009231.\u00a0https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0009231.","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis."},{"issue":"3","key":"4124_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1128\/MMBR.00007-17","volume":"81","author":"R Gayet","year":"2017","unstructured":"Gayet R, Bioley G, Rochereau N, Paul S, Corth\u00e9sy B. Vaccination against Salmonella infection: the mucosal way. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev. 2017;81(3):10\u20131128. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/MMBR.00007-17.","journal-title":"Microbiol Mol Biol Rev"},{"issue":"6","key":"4124_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2651","DOI":"10.1007\/s00253-020-10394-5","volume":"104","author":"PN Reddy","year":"2020","unstructured":"Reddy PN, Makam SS, Kota RK, Yatung G, Urs RM, Batra H, et al. Functional characterization of a broad and potent neutralizing monoclonal antibody directed against outer membrane protein (OMP) of Salmonella Typhimurium. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 2020;104(6):2651\u201361. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00253-020-10394-5.","journal-title":"Appl Microbiol Biotechnol"},{"key":"4124_CR20","unstructured":"National Center for Biotechnology Information. Genome assembly: Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium str. LT2. RefSeq: GCF_000006945.2. Bethesda (MD): NLM (US). Available from: https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/datasets\/genome\/GCF_000006945.2. Cited 2021 Mar 8."},{"key":"4124_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2047","DOI":"10.1143\/JPSJ.54.2047","volume":"54","author":"S Mitaku","year":"1985","unstructured":"Mitaku S, Hoshi S, Kataoka R. Spectral analysis of amino acid sequence. II. Characterization of \u03b1-helices by local periodicity. J Phys Soc Jpn. 1985;54:2047\u201354. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1143\/JPSJ.54.2047.","journal-title":"J Phys Soc Jpn"},{"issue":"4","key":"4124_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2105-8-4","volume":"8","author":"IA Doytchinova","year":"2007","unstructured":"Doytchinova IA, Flower DR. VaxiJen: a server for prediction of protective antigens, tumour antigens and subunit vaccines. BMC Bioinformatics. 2007;8(4):4. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1471-2105-8-4.","journal-title":"BMC Bioinformatics"},{"key":"4124_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2278","DOI":"10.1007\/s00894-014-2278-5","volume":"20","author":"I Bangov","year":"2014","unstructured":"Bangov I, Doytchinova I, Dimitrov I, Flower D. AllerTOP v.2 - a server for in Silico prediction of allergens. J Mol Model. 2014;20:2278\u201384. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00894-014-2278-5.","journal-title":"J Mol Model"},{"key":"4124_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2105-6-185","volume":"6","author":"M Margelevicius","year":"2005","unstructured":"Margelevicius M, Venclovas \u010c, PSI-BLAST-ISS. An intermediate sequence search tool for Estimation of the position-specific alignment reliability. BMC Bioinformatics. 2005;6:185. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1471-2105-6-185.","journal-title":"BMC Bioinformatics"},{"issue":"6","key":"4124_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e73957","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0073957","volume":"8","author":"S Gupta","year":"2013","unstructured":"Gupta S, Kapoor P, Chaudhary K, Gautam A, Kumar R, Raghava GPS. In Silico approach for predicting toxicity of peptides and proteins. PLoS One. 2013;8(6):e73957. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0073957.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"14","key":"4124_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2013","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btr335","volume":"27","author":"N Rapin","year":"2011","unstructured":"Rapin N, Lund O, Castiglione F. Immune system simulation online. Bioinformatics. 2011;27(14):2013\u20134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btr335.","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"issue":"1","key":"4124_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1002\/prot.21078","volume":"65","author":"S Saha","year":"2006","unstructured":"Saha S, Raghava GP. Prediction of continuous B-cell epitopes in an antigen using recurrent neural network. Proteins. 2006;65(1):40\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/prot.21078.","journal-title":"Proteins"},{"key":"4124_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"D339","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gky1006","volume":"47","author":"R Vita","year":"2019","unstructured":"Vita R, Mahajan S, Overton JA, Dhanda SK, Martini S, Cantrell JR, et al. The immune epitope database (IEDB): 2018 update. Nucleic Acids Res. 2019;47:D339\u201343. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/nar\/gky1006.","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"issue":"9","key":"4124_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3360","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1700893","volume":"199","author":"V Jurtz","year":"2017","unstructured":"Jurtz V, Paul S, Andreatta M, Marcatili P, Peters B, Nielsen M. NetMHCpan-4.0: improved peptide\u2013MHC class I interaction predictions integrating eluted ligand and peptide binding affinity data. J Immunol. 2017;199(9):3360\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4049\/jimmunol.1700893.","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"issue":"3","key":"4124_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1111\/imm.12889","volume":"154","author":"KK Jensen","year":"2018","unstructured":"Jensen KK, Andreatta M, Marcatili P, Buus S, Greenbaum JA, Yan Z, et al. Improved methods for predicting peptide binding affinity to MHC class II molecules. Immunology. 2018;154(3):394\u2013406. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/imm.12889.","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"issue":"2","key":"4124_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.6026\/97320630012074","volume":"12","author":"VK Garg","year":"2016","unstructured":"Garg VK, Avashthi H, Tiwari A, Jain PA, Ramkete PW, Kayastha AM, et al. MFPPI - multi FASTA ProtParam interface. Bioinformation. 2016;12(2):74\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.6026\/97320630012074.","journal-title":"Bioinformation"},{"issue":"11","key":"4124_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e27836doi","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0027836","volume":"6","author":"X Song","year":"2011","unstructured":"Song X, Zhou T, Jia H, Guo X, Zhang X, Han P, et al. SProtP: a web server to recognize those short-lived proteins based on sequence-derived features in human cells. PLoS ONE. 2011;6(11):e27836doi. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0027836.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"3","key":"4124_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1006\/jmbi.2000.4315","volume":"305","author":"A Krogh","year":"2001","unstructured":"Krogh A, Larsson B, Von Heijne G, Sonnhammer EL. Predicting transmembrane protein topology with a hidden Markov model: application to complete genomes. J Mol Biol. 2001;305(3):567\u201380. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1006\/jmbi.2000.4315.","journal-title":"J Mol Biol"},{"key":"4124_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"D480","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkaa1100","volume":"49","author":"UniProt Consortium","year":"2021","unstructured":"UniProt Consortium. UniProt: the universal protein knowledgebase in 2021. Nucleic Acids Res. 2021;49:D480-9. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/nar\/gkaa1100.","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"issue":"W1","key":"4124_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"W296","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gky427","volume":"46","author":"A Waterhouse","year":"2018","unstructured":"Waterhouse A, Bertoni M, Bienert S, Studer G, Tauriello G, Gumienny R, et al. SWISS-MODEL: homology modelling of protein structures and complexes. Nucleic Acids Res. 2018;46(W1):W296\u2013303. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/nar\/gky427.","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"4124_CR36","unstructured":"National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). BLAST: Basic Local Alignment Search Tool. Bethesda (MD): National Library of Medicine (US). Available from: https:\/\/blast.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/Blast.cgi?PAGE=Proteins. Cited 2021 Mar 08."},{"issue":"10","key":"4124_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5826","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00375-06","volume":"74","author":"LM Chen","year":"2006","unstructured":"Chen LM, Briones G, Donis RO, Gal\u00e1n JE. Optimization of the delivery of heterologous proteins by the Salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium type III secretion system for vaccine development. Infect Immun. 2006;74(10):5826\u201333. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/IAI.00375-06.","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"4124_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107225","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2024.107225","volume":"199","author":"F Ijaz","year":"2025","unstructured":"Ijaz F, Sameeullah M, Farid A, Malik MS, Batool N, Mirza B, et al. In Silico designing and characterization of outer membrane protein (OmpC) gene from Salmonella enterica and its expression in Nicotiana tabacum for developing a plant-based vaccine against salmonellosis. Microb Pathog. 2025;199:107225. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.micpath.2024.107225.","journal-title":"Microb Pathog"},{"issue":"8","key":"4124_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1010708","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1010708","volume":"18","author":"A Roy Chowdhury","year":"2022","unstructured":"Roy Chowdhury A, Sah S, Varshney U, Chakravortty D. Salmonella Typhimurium outer membrane protein A (OmpA) renders protection from nitrosative stress of macrophages by maintaining the stability of bacterial outer membrane. PLoS Pathog. 2022;18(8):e1010708. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.ppat.1010708.","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"issue":"1","key":"4124_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0306200","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0306200","volume":"20","author":"EE Igomu","year":"2025","unstructured":"Igomu EE, Mamman PH, Adamu J, Muhammad M, Woziri AO, Sugun MY, et al. Immunoinformatics design of a novel multiepitope vaccine candidate against non-typhoidal salmonellosis caused by Salmonella Kentucky using outer membrane proteins A, C, and F. PLoS ONE. 2025;20(1):e0306200. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0306200.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"5","key":"4124_CR41","first-page":"779","volume":"138","author":"T Mohan","year":"2013","unstructured":"Mohan T, Verma P, Rao DN. Novel adjuvants and delivery vehicles for vaccines development: a road ahead. Indian J Med Res. 2013;138(5):779\u201395.","journal-title":"Indian J Med Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"4124_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3161","DOI":"10.3892\/etm.2018.5821","volume":"15","author":"T Lapto\u0161","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lapto\u0161 T, Omersel J. The importance of handling high-value biologicals: Physico-chemical instability and immunogenicity of monoclonal antibodies. Exp Ther Med. 2018;15(4):3161\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3892\/etm.2018.5821.","journal-title":"Exp Ther Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"4124_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1021\/jp0125799","volume":"106","author":"JH Werner","year":"2002","unstructured":"Werner JH, Dyer RB, Fesinmeyer RM, Andersen NH. Dynamics of the primary processes of protein folding: Helix nucleation. J Phys Chem B. 2002;106(2):487\u201394. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/jp0125799.","journal-title":"J Phys Chem B"},{"key":"4124_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2411","DOI":"10.1002\/pro.5560041120","volume":"4","author":"C Pace","year":"1995","unstructured":"Pace C, Vajdos F, Fee L, Grimsley G, Gray T. How to measure and predict the molar absorption coefficient of a protein. Protein Sci. 1995;4:2411\u201323. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/pro.5560041120.","journal-title":"Protein Sci"},{"key":"4124_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1093\/protein\/gzi032","volume":"18","author":"J Cuthbertson","year":"2005","unstructured":"Cuthbertson J, Doyle D, Sansom M. Transmembrane helix prediction: A comparative evaluation and analysis. Protein Eng Des Sel. 2005;18:295\u2013308. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/protein\/gzi032.","journal-title":"Protein Eng Des Sel"},{"issue":"8","key":"4124_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3348","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1016180108","volume":"108","author":"S Ghosh","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ghosh S, Chakraborty K, Nagaraja T, Basak S, Koley H, Dutta S, et al. An adhesion protein of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi is required for pathogenesis and potential target for vaccine development. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2011;108(8):3348\u201353. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.1016180108.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1186\/s12866-025-04381-x","type":"correction","label":"Correction","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,8]],"date-time":"2025-10-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759881600000}}],"container-title":["BMC Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12866-025-04124-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12866-025-04124-y\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12866-025-04124-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,8]],"date-time":"2025-10-08T00:42:04Z","timestamp":1759884124000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcmicrobiol.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12866-025-04124-y"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,23]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["4124"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12866-025-04124-y","relation":{"correction":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1186\/s12866-025-04381-x","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1471-2180"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2180","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,23]]},"assertion":[{"value":"14 April 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"11 June 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"23 August 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"8 October 2025","order":4,"name":"change_date","label":"Change Date","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Correction","order":5,"name":"change_type","label":"Change Type","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"A Correction to this paper has been published:","order":6,"name":"change_details","label":"Change Details","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12866-025-04381-x","URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12866-025-04381-x","order":7,"name":"change_details","label":"Change Details","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"542"}}