{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T20:37:10Z","timestamp":1792787830623,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,2]],"date-time":"2025-07-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751414400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,2]],"date-time":"2025-07-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751414400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Shenzhen Science and Technology Program","award":["JCYJ20240813120012017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JCYJ20240813120012017"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key R&D Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2024YFC2707503"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024YFC2707503"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Shenzhen Public Platform for Preservation of Fertility and Reproduction","award":["XMHT20220104049"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["XMHT20220104049"]}]},{"name":"Shenzhen Key Medical Discipline Construction Fund","award":["SZXK027"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SZXK027"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Microbiol"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s12866-025-04126-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,2]],"date-time":"2025-07-02T06:37:32Z","timestamp":1751438252000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Inferred bi-directional interactions between vaginal microbiota, metabolome and persistent HPV infection accompanied by high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Qin","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenkui","family":"Dai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Di","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruinan","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Changzhong","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruifang","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hui","family":"Du","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,2]]},"reference":[{"issue":"14","key":"4126_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1340","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1917338","volume":"383","author":"J Lei","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lei J, Ploner A, Elfstr\u00f6m KM, Wang J, Roth A, Fang F, Sundstr\u00f6m K, Dillner J, Spar\u00e9n P. HPV vaccination and the risk of invasive cervical cancer. N Engl J Med. 2020;383(14):1340\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMoa1917338.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med."},{"key":"4126_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2019.04.028","volume":"44","author":"ZE Ilhan","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ilhan ZE, \u0141aniewski P, Thomas N, Roe DJ, Chase DM, Herbst-Kralovetz MM. Deciphering the complex interplay between microbiota, HPV, inflammation and cancer through cervicovaginal metabolic profiling. EBioMedicine. 2019;44:675\u201390. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ebiom.2019.04.028.","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"key":"4126_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"973875","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2022.973875","volume":"12","author":"C Guo","year":"2022","unstructured":"Guo C, Dai W, Zhou Q, Gui L, Cai H, Wu D, Hou J, Li C, Li S, Du H, Wu R. Cervicovaginal microbiota significantly changed for HPV-positive women with high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2022;12:973875. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fcimb.2022.973875.","journal-title":"Front Cell Infect Microbiol."},{"issue":"1","key":"4126_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-020-05324-9","volume":"20","author":"Y Chen","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chen Y, Qiu X, Wang W, Li D, Wu A, Hong Z, Di W, Qiu L. Human papillomavirus infection and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia progression are associated with increased vaginal microbiome diversity in a Chinese cohort. BMC Infect Dis. 2020;20(1):629. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12879-020-05324-9.","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"4126_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16865","DOI":"10.1038\/srep16865","volume":"5","author":"A Mitra","year":"2015","unstructured":"Mitra A, MacIntyre DA, Lee YS, Smith A, Marchesi JR, Lehne B, Bhatia R, Lyons D, Paraskevaidis E, Li JV, Holmes E, Nicholson JK, Bennett PR, Kyrgiou M. Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia disease progression is associated with increased vaginal microbiome diversity. Sci Rep. 2015;5:16865. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/srep16865.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"4126_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1186\/s12905-019-0806-2","volume":"19","author":"JJ Zheng","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zheng JJ, Song JH, Yu CX, Wang F, Wang PC, Meng JW. Difference in vaginal microecology, local immunity and HPV infection among childbearing-age women with different degrees of cervical lesions in Inner Mongolia. BMC Womens Health. 2019;19(1):109. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12905-019-0806-2.","journal-title":"BMC Womens Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"4126_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1999","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-15856-y","volume":"11","author":"A Mitra","year":"2020","unstructured":"Mitra A, MacIntyre DA, Ntritsos G, Smith A, Tsilidis KK, Marchesi JR, Bennett PR, Moscicki AB, Kyrgiou M. The vaginal microbiota associates with the regression of untreated cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 2 lesions. Nat Commun. 2020;11(1):1999. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-020-15856-y.","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"3","key":"4126_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1008376","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1008376","volume":"16","author":"M Usyk","year":"2020","unstructured":"Usyk M, Zolnik CP, Castle PE, Porras C, Herrero R, Gradissimo A, Gonzalez P, Safaeian M, Schiffman M, Burk RD, Costa Rica HPV Vaccine Trial (CVT) Group. Cervicovaginal microbiome and natural history of HPV in a longitudinal study. PLoS Pathog. 2020;16(3):e1008376. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.ppat.1008376.","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"issue":"1","key":"4126_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19095","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-76003-7","volume":"10","author":"EO Dareng","year":"2020","unstructured":"Dareng EO, Ma B, Adebamowo SN, Famooto A, Ravel J, Pharoah PP, Adebamowo CA. Vaginal microbiota diversity and paucity of Lactobacillus species are associated with persistent hrHPV infection in HIV negative but not in HIV positive women. Sci Rep. 2020;10(1):19095. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-020-76003-7.","journal-title":"Sci Rep."},{"issue":"1","key":"4126_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10200","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-09842-6","volume":"7","author":"M Di Paola","year":"2017","unstructured":"Di Paola M, Sani C, Clemente AM, Iossa A, Perissi E, Castronovo G, Tanturli M, Rivero D, Cozzolino F, Cavalieri D, Carozzi F, De Filippo C, Torcia MG. Characterization of cervico-vaginal microbiota in women developing persistent high-risk Human Papillomavirus infection. Sci Rep. 2017;7(1):10200. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-017-09842-6.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"4126_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1186\/s12985-020-01420-z","volume":"17","author":"M Berggrund","year":"2020","unstructured":"Berggrund M, Gustavsson I, Aarnio R, Lindberg JH, Sanner K, Wikstr\u00f6m I, Enroth S, Bunikis I, Olovsson M, Gyllensten U. Temporal changes in the vaginal microbiota in self-samples and its association with persistent HPV16 infection and CIN2. Virol J. 2020;17(1):147. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12985-020-01420-z.","journal-title":"Virol J"},{"issue":"2","key":"4126_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.15981","volume":"127","author":"JC Borgogna","year":"2020","unstructured":"Borgogna JC, Shardell MD, Santori EK, Nelson TM, Rath JM, Glover ED, Ravel J, Gravitt PE, Yeoman CJ, Brotman RM. The vaginal metabolome and microbiota of cervical HPV-positive and HPV-negative women: a cross-sectional analysis. BJOG. 2020;127(2):182\u201392. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1471-0528.15981.","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"issue":"10","key":"4126_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1561","DOI":"10.3724\/abbs.2022133","volume":"54","author":"H Xu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Xu H, Liu M, Song Y, Liu L, Xu F, Chen J, Zhan H, Zhang Y, Chen Y, Lu M, Chen D. Metabolomics variation profiling of vaginal discharge identifies potential targets for cervical cancer early warning. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai). 2022;54(10):1561\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3724\/abbs.2022133.","journal-title":"Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai)"},{"key":"4126_CR14","unstructured":"Kurman RJ, Carcangiu ML, Herrington CS.\u00a0World Health Organisation Classification of Tumours of the Female Reproductive Organs. 4th Revised ed. Int Agency Res Cancer. 2014;6:172\u201382."},{"issue":"2","key":"4126_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(12)70529-6","volume":"14","author":"F Carozzi","year":"2013","unstructured":"Carozzi F, Gillio-Tos A, Confortini M, Del Mistro A, Sani C, De Marco L, Girlando S, Rosso S, Naldoni C, Dalla Palma P, Zorzi M, Giorgi-Rossi P, Segnan N, Cuzick J, Ronco G, NTCC working group. Risk of high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia during follow-up in HPV-positive women according to baseline p16-INK4A results: a prospective analysis of a nested substudy of the NTCC randomised controlled trial. Lancet Oncol. 2013;14(2):168\u201376. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1470-2045(12)70529-6.","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"key":"4126_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106826","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2024.106826","volume":"194","author":"X Yang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Yang X, Shui Y, Qian Y. A Crosstalk Analysis of high-risk human papillomavirus, microbiota and vaginal metabolome in cervicovaginal microenvironment. Microb Pathog. 2024;194:106826. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.micpath.2024.106826.","journal-title":"Microb Pathog"},{"issue":"1","key":"4126_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1186\/s12866-024-03244-1","volume":"24","author":"Y Zhang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhang Y, Wu X, Li D, Huang R, Deng X, Li M, Du F, Zhao Y, Shen J, Chen Y, Zhang P, Hu C, Xiao Z, Wen Q. HPV-associated cervicovaginal microbiome and host metabolome characteristics. BMC Microbiol. 2024;24(1):94. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12866-024-03244-1.","journal-title":"BMC Microbiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"4126_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11183","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-61942-2","volume":"14","author":"J Norenhag","year":"2024","unstructured":"Norenhag J, Edfeldt G, St\u00e5lberg K, Garcia F, Hugerth LW, Engstrand L, Fransson E, Du J, Schuppe-Koistinen I, Olovsson M. Compositional and functional differences of the vaginal microbiota of women with and without cervical dysplasia. Sci Rep. 2024;14(1):11183. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-024-61942-2.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"11","key":"4126_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1723","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiu330","volume":"210","author":"RM Brotman","year":"2014","unstructured":"Brotman RM, Shardell MD, Gajer P, Tracy JK, Zenilman JM, Ravel J, et al. Interplay between the temporal dynamics of the vaginal microbiota and human papillomavirus detection. J Infect Dis. 2014;210(11):1723\u201333.","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"4126_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Belleti R, Marcolino LD, Novak J, Ferreira CST, do Nascimento Bolpetti A, da Silva Pinto GV, et al. Cervicovaginal loads of\u00a0Gardnerella\u00a0spp. are increased in immunocompetent women with persistent high-risk human papillomavirus infection. J Med Microbiol. 2022;71(5):001527.","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.001527"},{"issue":"1","key":"4126_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14266","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-41469-8","volume":"13","author":"J Novak","year":"2023","unstructured":"Novak J, Belleti R, da Silva Pinto GV, do Nascimento Bolpetti A, da Silva MG, Marconi C. Cervicovaginal Gardnerella sialidase-encoding gene in persistent human papillomavirus infection. Sci Rep. 2023;13(1):14266.","journal-title":"Sci Rep."},{"issue":"1","key":"4126_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-27628-3","volume":"13","author":"M Usyk","year":"2022","unstructured":"Usyk M, Schlecht NF, Pickering S, Williams L, Sollecito CC, Gradissimo A, et al. molBV reveals immune landscape of bacterial vaginosis and predicts human papillomavirus infection natural history. Nat Commun. 2022;13(1):233.","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"1","key":"4126_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1186\/s40104-023-00859-8","volume":"14","author":"Y Mu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Mu Y, Qi W, Zhang T, Zhang J, Mao S. Coordinated response of milk bacterial and metabolic profiles to subacute ruminal acidosis in lactating dairy cows. J Anim Sci Biotechnol. 2023;14(1):60. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40104-023-00859-8.","journal-title":"J Anim Sci Biotechnol"},{"issue":"1","key":"4126_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1186\/s40168-022-01337-5","volume":"10","author":"DJ Delgado-Diaz","year":"2022","unstructured":"Delgado-Diaz DJ, Jesaveluk B, Hayward JA, Tyssen D, Alisoltani A, Potgieter M, et al. Lactic acid from vaginal microbiota enhances cervicovaginal epithelial barrier integrity by promoting tight junction protein expression. Microbiome. 2022;10(1):141.","journal-title":"Microbiome"},{"key":"4126_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2181","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2018.02181","volume":"9","author":"L Anton","year":"2018","unstructured":"Anton L, Sierra LJ, DeVine A, Barila G, Heiser L, Brown AG, et al. Common Cervicovaginal Microbial Supernatants Alter Cervical Epithelial Function: Mechanisms by Which Lactobacillus crispatus Contributes to Cervical Health. Front Microbiol. 2018;9:2181.","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"key":"4126_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cca.2018.10.039","volume":"488","author":"J Han","year":"2019","unstructured":"Han J, Qin WX, Li ZL, Xu AJ, Xing H, Wu H, Zhang H, Wang MD, Li C, Liang L, Quan B, Yan WT, Shen F, Wu MC, Yang T. Tissue and serum metabolite profiling reveals potential biomarkers of human hepatocellular carcinoma. Clin Chim Acta. 2019;488:68\u201375. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cca.2018.10.039.","journal-title":"Clin Chim Acta"},{"issue":"33","key":"4126_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3760","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v24.i33.3760","volume":"24","author":"CK Tsai","year":"2018","unstructured":"Tsai CK, Yeh TS, Wu RC, Lai YC, Chiang MH, Lu KY, Hung CY, Ho HY, Cheng ML, Lin G. Metabolomic alterations and chromosomal instability status in gastric cancer. World J Gastroenterol. 2018;24(33):3760\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3748\/wjg.v24.i33.3760.","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"19","key":"4126_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10246","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms251910246","volume":"25","author":"Y Feng","year":"2024","unstructured":"Feng Y, Huang S, Zhu S, Gao B. Antibacterial Activity and Mechanism of Taxill\u03bcs chinensis (DC.) Danser and Its Active Ingredients. Int J Mol Sci. 2024;25(19):10246. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms251910246.","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"4126_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e9646","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.9646","volume":"8","author":"T Uengwetwanit","year":"2020","unstructured":"Uengwetwanit T, Uawisetwathana U, Arayamethakorn S, Khudet J, Chaiyapechara S, Karoonuthaisiri N, Rungrassamee W. Multi-omics analysis to examine microbiota, host gene expression and metabolites in the intestine of black tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon) with different growth performance. PeerJ. 2020;8:e9646. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7717\/peerj.9646.","journal-title":"PeerJ"},{"key":"4126_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123315","DOI":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2022.123315","volume":"242","author":"AF Salmin","year":"2022","unstructured":"Salmin AF, Pesant MJ, Burgher Y, Provost C, Labrie J, Jacques M, Gagnon CA, Beaudry F. Untargeted and targeted metabolomics reveal that adenosine nucleotides released in Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae supernatant inhibit porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus replication. Talanta. 2022;242:123315. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.talanta.2022.123315.","journal-title":"Talanta"},{"issue":"2","key":"4126_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0039322","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.00393-22","volume":"205","author":"P Bhandari","year":"2023","unstructured":"Bhandari P, Tingley J, Abbott DW, Hill JE. glycogen-degrading activities of catalytic domains of \u03b1-Amylase and \u03b1-Amylase-pullulanase enzymes conserved in gardnerella spp. from the vaginal microbiome. J Bacteriol. 2023;205(2):e0039322. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/jb.00393-22.","journal-title":"J Bacteriol."},{"issue":"17","key":"4126_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0021321","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.00213-21","volume":"203","author":"P Bhandari","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bhandari P, Tingley JP, Palmer DRJ, Abbott DW, Hill JE. Characterization of an \u03b1-glucosidase enzyme conserved in gardnerella spp. isolated from the human vaginal microbiome. J Bacteriol. 2021;203(17):e0021321. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/JB.00213-21.","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"issue":"2","key":"4126_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0443522","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.04435-22","volume":"11","author":"P Bhandari","year":"2023","unstructured":"Bhandari P, Hill JE. Transport and Utilization of Glycogen Breakdown Products by Gardnerella spp. from the Human Vaginal Microbiome. Microbiol Spectr. 2023;11(2):e0443522. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/spectrum.04435-22.","journal-title":"Microbiol Spectr"},{"issue":"10","key":"4126_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5590","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23105590","volume":"23","author":"R Hertzberger","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hertzberger R, May A, Kramer G, van Vondelen I, Molenaar D, Kort R. Genetic elements orchestrating lactobacillus crispatus Glycogen metabolism in the Vagina. Int J Mol Sci. 2022;23(10):5590. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms23105590.","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"4126_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1076","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-28724-8","volume":"13","author":"A Lebeau","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lebeau A, Bruyere D, Roncarati P, Peixoto P, Hervouet E, Cobraiville G, Taminiau B, Masson M, Gallego C, Mazzucchelli G, Smargiasso N, Fleron M, Baiwir D, Hendrick E, Pilard C, Lerho T, Reynders C, Ancion M, Greimers R, Twizere JC, Daube G, Schlecht-Louf G, Bachelerie F, Combes JD, Melin P, Fillet M, Delvenne P, Hubert P, Herfs M. HPV infection alters vaginal microbiome through down-regulating host mucosal innate peptides used by Lactobacilli as amino acid sources. Nat Commun. 2022;13(1):1076. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-022-28724-8.","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"1","key":"4126_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1038\/s41522-024-00500-0","volume":"10","author":"W Dai","year":"2024","unstructured":"Dai W, Du H, Zhou Q, Li S, Wang Y, Hou J, Guo C, Yang Q, Li C, Xie S, Li SC, Wu R. Metabolic profiles outperform the microbiota in assessing the response of vaginal microenvironments to the changed state of HPV infection. NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes. 2024;10(1):26. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41522-024-00500-0.","journal-title":"NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes"},{"issue":"11","key":"4126_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1321","DOI":"10.1097\/GME.0000000000001236","volume":"25","author":"RM Brotman","year":"2018","unstructured":"Brotman RM, Shardell MD, Gajer P, Fadrosh D, Chang K, Silver MI, Viscidi RP, Burke AE, Ravel J, Gravitt PE. Association between the vaginal microbiota, menopause status, and signs of vulvovaginal atrophy. Menopause. 2018;25(11):1321\u201330. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/GME.0000000000001236.","journal-title":"Menopause"},{"issue":"1","key":"4126_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1186\/s40168-023-01692-x","volume":"11","author":"JB Holm","year":"2023","unstructured":"Holm JB, France MT, Gajer P, Ma B, Brotman RM, Shardell M, Forney L, Ravel J. Integrating compositional and functional content to describe vaginal microbiomes in health and disease. Microbiome. 2023;11(1):259. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40168-023-01692-x.","journal-title":"Microbiome"},{"issue":"1","key":"4126_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1186\/s13059-022-02635-9","volume":"23","author":"MT France","year":"2022","unstructured":"France MT, Fu L, Rutt L, Yang H, Humphrys MS, Narina S, Gajer PM, Ma B, Forney LJ, Ravel J. Insight into the ecology of vaginal bacteria through integrative analyses of metagenomic and metatranscriptomic data. Genome Biol. 2022;23(1):66. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13059-022-02635-9.","journal-title":"Genome Biol"}],"container-title":["BMC Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12866-025-04126-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12866-025-04126-w\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12866-025-04126-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,2]],"date-time":"2025-07-02T06:37:34Z","timestamp":1751438254000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcmicrobiol.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12866-025-04126-w"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,2]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["4126"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12866-025-04126-w","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2180"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2180","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"23 March 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"11 June 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"2 July 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Peking University Shenzhen Hospital (registration number: 2023\u2013016). We obtained signed consents from all participants who were fully informed. We declare that our study adhered to the Declaration of Helsinki.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"404"}}