{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,29]],"date-time":"2026-08-29T01:27:59Z","timestamp":1787966879707,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,21]],"date-time":"2025-07-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1753056000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,21]],"date-time":"2025-07-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1753056000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100018778","name":"Al-Azhar University","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100018778","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Microbiol"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>Bacterial biofilms are one of the primary causes of pathogenic activity in the oral environment; they adhere to both natural and artificial oral surfaces, causing cariogenic processes that result in dental decay and significantly reducing the lifespan of dental restoratives and prostheses; they can also affect the tissues surrounding teeth, causing gingival inflammation; persistent biofilms can cause damage to the alveolar bone, which in extreme cases may result in tooth loss; our study aims to isolate clinical isolates that are resistant to multiple drugs, before disarming them by suppressing the formation of biofilms. <jats:italic>Klebsiella pneumoniae<\/jats:italic> A11(<jats:italic>K<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>pneumonia<\/jats:italic>e) and <jats:italic>Bacillus subtilis<\/jats:italic> A33 (<jats:italic>B. subtilis<\/jats:italic>) clinical isolates were determined, and the most potent clinical isolates were identified as the most virulent strains for further investigations using 16\u00a0S rDNA PCR sequencing, with accession numbers PP995146 and PP995148 respectively. Synthesized selenium nanoparticles (Se-NPs) were analyzed using FTIR Spectroscopy, UV-Vis Spectroscopy, zeta potential, dynamic light scattering (DLS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX) of the [Se-NPs] solution revealed that it contained 88.49% selenium and 11.51% carbon, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). According to TEM images, the average size of Se-NPs was 45.4\u00a0nm, and their shape was nearly spherical. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MICs) of biogenic Se-NPs were 0.25\u00a0mg\/mL for <jats:italic>K. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>A11 and 0.125\u00a0mg\/mL for <jats:italic>B. subtilis<\/jats:italic>A33, with inhibition zones of 11\u201314\u00a0mm. Se-NPs significantly reduced biofilm formation at 0.125 and 0.25\u00a0mg\/mL (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05), by 85.08% in <jats:italic>K. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic> A11 and 75.45% in <jats:italic>B. subtilis<\/jats:italic> A33. A synergistic effect with azithromycin was observed, with fractional inhibitory concentration (FIC) values of 0.502 and 0.253, respectively. Molecular interactions showed Se-NPs forming hydrophobic contacts in <jats:italic>K. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic> LuxS Synthase (Asp52, Asp132; binding energy \u2212\u20093.9020\u00a0kcal\/mol) and <jats:italic>B. subtilis<\/jats:italic> AbbA (His3, Met4, Arg5; -4.2489\u00a0kcal\/mol). Se-NPs had an IC<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub> of 2.12\u2009\u00b1\u20090.02\u00a0\u00b5g\/mL on HepG2 cells.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12866-025-04142-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,21]],"date-time":"2025-07-21T03:43:52Z","timestamp":1753069432000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Combatting biofilm formation of Klebsiella pneumoniae and Bacillus subtilis clinical strains from the oral cavity using biogenic Se-NPs: molecular docking simulation and cytotoxic effects on HepG2 cancer cells"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Abdullah","family":"Yousef","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammed","family":"Abu-Elghait","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamed S.","family":"Rizk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marwa Salah","family":"Abdel-Hamid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2898-6708","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Salem S.","family":"Salem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gamal M.","family":"El-Sherbiny","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"4142_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4237","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-020-03646-1","volume":"24","author":"T Sterzenbach","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sterzenbach T, Helbig R, Hannig C, Hannig M. Bioadhesion in the oral cavity and approaches for biofilm management by surface modifications. Clin Oral Invest. 2020;24:4237\u201360.","journal-title":"Clin Oral Invest"},{"issue":"2","key":"4142_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics9020059","volume":"9","author":"LK Vestby","year":"2020","unstructured":"Vestby LK, Gr\u00f8nseth T, Simm R, Nesse LL. Bacterial biofilm and its role in the pathogenesis of disease. Antibiotics. 2020;9(2):59.","journal-title":"Antibiotics"},{"issue":"12","key":"4142_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"991","DOI":"10.1038\/s41893-020-00602-5","volume":"3","author":"X Liu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Liu X, Koestler RJ, Warscheid T, Katayama Y, Gu J-D. Microbial deterioration and sustainable conservation of stone monuments and buildings. Nat Sustain. 2020;3(12):991\u20131004.","journal-title":"Nat Sustain"},{"key":"4142_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1003033","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2022.1003033","volume":"12","author":"R Ma","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ma R, Hu X, Zhang X, Wang W, Sun J, Su Z, Zhu C. Strategies to prevent, curb and eliminate biofilm formation based on the characteristics of various periods in one biofilm life cycle. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2022;12:1003033.","journal-title":"Front Cell Infect Microbiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"4142_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1038\/s41578-020-00265-w","volume":"6","author":"T-C Tang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Tang T-C, An B, Huang Y, Vasikaran S, Wang Y, Jiang X, Lu TK, Zhong C. Materials design by synthetic biology. Nat Reviews Mater. 2021;6(4):332\u201350.","journal-title":"Nat Reviews Mater"},{"key":"4142_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Rath S, Bal SCB, Dubey D. Oral biofilm: development mechanism, multidrug resistance, and their effective management with novel techniques. Rambam Maimonides Med J. 2021;12(1).e0004. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5041\/RMMJ.","DOI":"10.5041\/RMMJ"},{"key":"4142_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.30970\/sbi.1403.627","volume":"14","author":"M Kryvtsova","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kryvtsova M, Kir\u00e1ly J, Ko\u0161\u010dov\u00e1 J, Kostenko YY, Bubnov R, Spivak MY. Determination of biofilm formation and associated gene detection in Staphylococcus genus isolated from the oral cavity under inflammatory periodontal diseases. Stud Biol. 2020;14:49\u201364.","journal-title":"Stud Biol"},{"issue":"7","key":"4142_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4366","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.69.7.4366-4372.2001","volume":"69","author":"N Shankar","year":"2001","unstructured":"Shankar N, Lockatell CV, Baghdayan AS, Drachenberg C, Gilmore MS, Johnson DE. Role of Enterococcus faecalis surface protein esp in the pathogenesis of ascending urinary tract infection. Infect Immun. 2001;69(7):4366\u201372.","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"issue":"2","key":"4142_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1007\/s12088-024-01247-0","volume":"64","author":"ASS Monteiro","year":"2024","unstructured":"Monteiro ASS, Cordeiro SM, Reis JN. Virulence factors in klebsiella pneumoniae: a literature review. Indian J Microbiol. 2024;64(2):389\u2013401.","journal-title":"Indian J Microbiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"4142_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1186\/s42269-024-01245-8","volume":"48","author":"AM Fayanju","year":"2024","unstructured":"Fayanju AM, Akinyele BJ, Oladejo BO, Osunla AC. Genetic composition, virulence factors, and antimicrobial resistance profiles of Bacillus cereus and Bacillus subtilis isolates from food vendors in Ondo state, nigeria: implications for food safety. Bull Natl Res Centre. 2024;48(1):90.","journal-title":"Bull Natl Res Centre"},{"key":"4142_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Brannon JR, Hadjifrangiskou M. The arsenal of pathogens and antivirulence therapeutic strategies for disarming them. Drug Des Devel Ther. 2016;10:1795\u2013806.","DOI":"10.2147\/DDDT.S98939"},{"issue":"5","key":"4142_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-023-00993-0","volume":"22","author":"CR MacNair","year":"2024","unstructured":"MacNair CR, Rutherford ST, Tan M-W. Alternative therapeutic strategies to treat antibiotic-resistant pathogens. Nat Rev Microbiol. 2024;22(5):262\u201375.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"4142_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1038\/s41429-020-0344-z","volume":"74","author":"H Ogawara","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ogawara H. Possible drugs for the treatment of bacterial infections in the future: anti-virulence drugs. J Antibiot. 2021;74(1):24\u201341.","journal-title":"J Antibiot"},{"key":"4142_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1016\/j.copbio.2020.11.004","volume":"68","author":"Y Shen","year":"2021","unstructured":"Shen Y, Loessner MJ. Beyond antibacterials\u2013exploring bacteriophages as antivirulence agents. Curr Opin Biotechnol. 2021;68:166\u201373.","journal-title":"Curr Opin Biotechnol"},{"issue":"1","key":"4142_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1080\/13102818.2022.2106887","volume":"36","author":"S Stoitsova","year":"2022","unstructured":"Stoitsova S, Tsvetelina P-K, DP D, Damyanova T. The concept for the antivirulence therapeutics approach as alternative to antibiotics: hope or still a fiction? Biotechnol Biotechnol Equip. 2022;36(1):697\u2013705.","journal-title":"Biotechnol Biotechnol Equip"},{"issue":"1","key":"4142_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1186\/s12896-024-00852-7","volume":"24","author":"AN Alabssawy","year":"2024","unstructured":"Alabssawy AN, Abu-Elghait M, Azab AM, Khalaf-Allah HMM, Ashry AS, Ali AOM, Sabra A-BAA, Salem SS. Hindering the biofilm of microbial pathogens and cancer cell lines development using silver nanoparticles synthesized by epidermal mucus proteins from Clarias gariepinus. BMC Biotechnol. 2024;24(1):28.","journal-title":"BMC Biotechnol"},{"issue":"5","key":"4142_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1898","DOI":"10.1007\/s12010-022-03809-8","volume":"194","author":"SS Salem","year":"2022","unstructured":"Salem SS. Bio-fabrication of selenium nanoparticles using baker\u2019s yeast extract and its antimicrobial efficacy on food borne pathogens. Appl Biochem Biotechnol. 2022;194(5):1898\u2013910.","journal-title":"Appl Biochem Biotechnol"},{"key":"4142_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105842","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2022.105842","volume":"173","author":"A Yousef","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yousef A, Abu-Elghait M, Barghoth MG, Elazzazy AM, Desouky SE. Fighting multidrug-resistant Enterococcus faecalis via interfering with virulence factors using green synthesized nanoparticles. Microb Pathog. 2022;173:105842.","journal-title":"Microb Pathog"},{"issue":"10","key":"4142_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0310927","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0310927","volume":"19","author":"MS Almuhayawi","year":"2024","unstructured":"Almuhayawi MS, Alruhaili MH, Soliman MK, Tarabulsi MK, Ashy RA, Saddiq AA, Selim S, Alruwaili Y, Salem SS. Investigating the in vitro antibacterial, antibiofilm, antioxidant, anticancer and antiviral activities of zinc oxide nanoparticles biofabricated from Cassia javanica. PLoS ONE. 2024;19(10):e0310927.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"4142_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113605","DOI":"10.1016\/j.inoche.2024.113605","volume":"171","author":"AA Hmed","year":"2025","unstructured":"Hmed AA, El-Gebaly AS, Refaey EE, Youssef AM, Sofy AR. Antiviral potential of copper and titanium dioxide nanoparticles against H1N1, adenovirus 40 and herpes simplex virus type-II. Inorg Chem Commun. 2025;171:113605.","journal-title":"Inorg Chem Commun"},{"issue":"1","key":"4142_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1186\/s43088-024-00513-w","volume":"13","author":"ME Elnosary","year":"2024","unstructured":"Elnosary ME, Aboelmagd HA, Sofy AR, Hmed AA, Refaey EE, Ali SM, Hady MA. Uncovering and evaluating coconut oil-loaded silica nanoemulsion as anti-viral, bacterial, and fungal: synthesis, fabrication, characterization, and biosafety profiles. Beni-Suef Univ J Basic Appl Sci. 2024;13(1):56.","journal-title":"Beni-Suef Univ J Basic Appl Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"4142_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3030","DOI":"10.1021\/acsanm.1c03891","volume":"5","author":"AI Ribeiro","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ribeiro AI, Dias AM, Zille A. Synergistic effects between metal nanoparticles and commercial antimicrobial agents: A review. ACS Appl Nano Mater. 2022;5(3):3030\u201364.","journal-title":"ACS Appl Nano Mater"},{"issue":"1","key":"4142_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20240218","DOI":"10.1515\/gps-2024-0218","volume":"14","author":"S Selim","year":"2025","unstructured":"Selim S, Salem SS, Owda ME, Almuhayawi MS, Gattan HS, Alruhaili MH, Saddiq AA, Hussein S, Al-Sanea MM, Al Jaouni SK. Biosynthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles: multifunctional potential applications in anticancer, antibacterial, and B. subtilis DNA gyrase Docking. Green Process Synthesis. 2025;14(1):20240218.","journal-title":"Green Process Synthesis"},{"issue":"2","key":"4142_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines11020413","volume":"11","author":"HF Hetta","year":"2023","unstructured":"Hetta HF, Ramadan YN, Al-Harbi AI, Ahmed A, Battah E, Abd Ellah B, Zanetti NH, Donadu S. Nanotechnology as a promising approach to combat multidrug resistant bacteria: a comprehensive review and future perspectives. Biomedicines. 2023;11(2):413.","journal-title":"Biomedicines"},{"issue":"4","key":"4142_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0319791","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0319791","volume":"20","author":"ES Gad","year":"2025","unstructured":"Gad ES, Salem SS, Selim S, Almuhayawi MS, Alruhaili MH, Al Jaouni SK, Saddiq AA, Owda ME. A comprehensive study on characterization of biosynthesized copper-oxide nanoparticles, their capabilities as anticancer and antibacterial agents, and predicting optimal Docking poses into the cavity of S. aureus DHFR. PLoS ONE. 2025;20(4):e0319791.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"4142_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Salem SS, Hammad EN, Mohamed AA, El-Dougdoug W. A comprehensive review of nanomaterials: types, synthesis, characterization, and applications. Biointerface Res Appl Chem. 2023;13(1):41. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.33263\/BRIAC131.041.","DOI":"10.33263\/BRIAC131.041"},{"issue":"1","key":"4142_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1007\/s12010-023-04482-1","volume":"196","author":"A Said","year":"2024","unstructured":"Said A, Abu-Elghait M, Atta HM, Salem SS. Antibacterial activity of green synthesized silver nanoparticles using Lawsonia inermis against common pathogens from urinary tract infection. Appl Biochem Biotechnol. 2024;196(1):85\u201398.","journal-title":"Appl Biochem Biotechnol"},{"key":"4142_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Hashem AH, Salem SS. Green and ecofriendly biosynthesis of selenium nanoparticles using Urtica dioica (stinging nettle) leaf extract: antimicrobial and anticancer activity. Biotechnol J. 2022;17(2):2100432. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/biot.202100432.","DOI":"10.1002\/biot.202100432"},{"key":"4142_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Salem SS. A mini review on green nanotechnology and its development in biological effects. Arch Microbiol. 2023;205:128.\u00a0https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00203-023-03467-2.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00203-023-03467-2"},{"issue":"1","key":"4142_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1007\/s12011-020-02138-3","volume":"199","author":"SS Salem","year":"2021","unstructured":"Salem SS, Fouda A. Green synthesis of metallic nanoparticles and their prospective biotechnological applications: an overview. Biol Trace Elem Res. 2021;199(1):344\u201370.","journal-title":"Biol Trace Elem Res"},{"key":"4142_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"802","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2018.12.146","volume":"111","author":"A Khurana","year":"2019","unstructured":"Khurana A, Tekula S, Saifi MA, Venkatesh P, Godugu C. Therapeutic applications of selenium nanoparticles. Biomed Pharmacother. 2019;111:802\u201312.","journal-title":"Biomed Pharmacother"},{"key":"4142_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"682284","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2021.682284","volume":"12","author":"W Lin","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lin W, Zhang J, Xu J-F, Pi J. The advancing of selenium nanoparticles against infectious diseases. Front Pharmacol. 2021;12:682284.","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"issue":"27","key":"4142_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6515","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2011.05.032","volume":"32","author":"L Kong","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kong L, Yuan Q, Zhu H, Li Y, Guo Q, Wang Q, Bi X, Gao X. The suppression of prostate LNCaP cancer cells growth by selenium nanoparticles through Akt\/Mdm2\/AR controlled apoptosis. Biomaterials. 2011;32(27):6515\u201322.","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"4142_CR34","unstructured":"CLSI M100; Performance Standards for Anti-Microbial Susceptibility Testing. 30th ed. Wayne: CLSI. 2020."},{"key":"4142_CR35","unstructured":"CLSI MM18; Interpretive Criteria for Identification of Bacteria and Fungi by Targeted DNA Sequencing. 2nd ed. Wayne: CLSI. 2018."},{"issue":"1","key":"4142_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4811","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-84099-8","volume":"11","author":"GB Alvi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Alvi GB, Iqbal MS, Ghaith MMS, Haseeb A, Ahmed B, Qadir MI. Biogenic selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) from citrus fruit have anti-bacterial activities. Sci Rep. 2021;11(1):4811.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"4142_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Epp J. X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques for materials characterization. Materials characterization using nondestructive evaluation (NDE) methods. Elsevier; 2016. pp. 81\u2013124. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/B978-0-08-100040-3.00004-3.","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-100040-3.00004-3"},{"key":"4142_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Salem SS, Badawy MSEM, Al-Askar AA, Arishi AA, Elkady FM, Hashem AH. Green biosynthesis of selenium nanoparticles using orange peel waste: characterization, antibacterial and antibiofilm activities against multidrug-resistant bacteria. Life. 2022;12(6):893. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/life12060893.","DOI":"10.3390\/life12060893"},{"issue":"1","key":"4142_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1515\/gps-2018-0060","volume":"8","author":"B Fardsadegh","year":"2019","unstructured":"Fardsadegh B, Vaghari H, Mohammad-Jafari R, Najian Y, Jafarizadeh-Malmiri H. Biosynthesis, characterization and antimicrobial activities assessment of fabricated selenium nanoparticles using Pelargonium zonale leaf extract. Green Process Synthesis. 2019;8(1):191\u20138.","journal-title":"Green Process Synthesis"},{"issue":"2","key":"4142_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1007\/s10876-020-01794-8","volume":"32","author":"SS Salem","year":"2021","unstructured":"Salem SS, Fouda MMG, Fouda A, Awad MA, Al-Olayan EM, Allam AA, Shaheen TI. Antibacterial, cytotoxicity and larvicidal activity of green synthesized selenium nanoparticles using penicillium corylophilum. J Cluster Sci. 2021;32(2):351\u201361.","journal-title":"J Cluster Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"4142_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2155772","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/2155772","volume":"2022","author":"M Nagalingam","year":"2022","unstructured":"Nagalingam M, Rajeshkumar S, Balu SK, Tharani M, Arunachalam K. Anticancer and antioxidant activity of Morinda Citrifolia leaf mediated selenium nanoparticles. J Nanomaterials. 2022;2022(1):2155772.","journal-title":"J Nanomaterials"},{"issue":"1","key":"4142_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1032","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-80327-9","volume":"11","author":"V Cittrarasu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Cittrarasu V, Kaliannan D, Dharman K, Maluventhen V, Easwaran M, Liu WC, Balasubramanian B, Arumugam M. Green synthesis of selenium nanoparticles mediated from Ceropegia bulbosa Roxb extract and its cytotoxicity, antimicrobial, mosquitocidal and photocatalytic activities. Sci Rep. 2021;11(1):1032.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"4142_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1016\/j.saa.2017.11.050","volume":"192","author":"AV Tugarova","year":"2018","unstructured":"Tugarova AV, Mamchenkova PV, Dyatlova YA, Kamnev AA. FTIR and Raman spectroscopic studies of selenium nanoparticles synthesised by the bacterium Azospirillum thiophilum. Spectrochim Acta Part A Mol Biomol Spectrosc. 2018;192:458\u201363.","journal-title":"Spectrochim Acta Part A Mol Biomol Spectrosc"},{"key":"4142_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Abd-Elkhalek HF, Badawy AA, Al-Askar AA, Elgawad HA, Hashem AH, Salem SS. Biosynthesis and characterization of selenium and silver nanoparticles using Trichoderma viride filtrate and their impact on Culex pipiens. Green Process Synthesis 2024;13(1): 20240025. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/gps-2024-0025.","DOI":"10.1515\/gps-2024-0025"},{"issue":"3","key":"4142_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.3390\/jfb13030112","volume":"13","author":"AH Hashem","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hashem AH, Selim TA, Alruhaili MH, Selim S, Alkhalifah DHM, Al Jaouni SK, Salem SS. Unveiling antimicrobial and insecticidal activities of biosynthesized selenium nanoparticles using prickly Pear Peel waste. J Funct Biomaterials. 2022;13(3):112.","journal-title":"J Funct Biomaterials"},{"key":"4142_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100876","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chphi.2025.100876","volume":"10","author":"K Saravanan","year":"2025","unstructured":"Saravanan K, Madhaiyan M, Periyasamy P, Manivannan P, Bayrakdar A, Balakrishnan V. Green synthesis and detailed characterization of selenium nanoparticles derived from alangium salviifolium (L.f) Wangerin. Chem Phys Impact. 2025;10:100876.","journal-title":"Chem Phys Impact"},{"issue":"9","key":"4142_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2520","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines11092520","volume":"11","author":"T Ramachandran","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ramachandran T, Manoharan D, Natesan S, Rajaram SK, Karuppiah P, Shaik MR, Khan M, Shaik B. Synthesis and structural characterization of selenium Nanoparticles\u2013Bacillus sp. MKUST-01 exopolysaccharide (SeNPs\u2013EPS) conjugate for biomedical applications. Biomedicines. 2023;11(9):2520.","journal-title":"Biomedicines"},{"issue":"1","key":"4142_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26775","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-77353-2","volume":"14","author":"MKY Soliman","year":"2024","unstructured":"Soliman MKY, Amin MA-A, Nowwar AI, Hendy MH, Salem SS. Green synthesis of selenium nanoparticles from Cassia javanica flowers extract and their medical and agricultural applications. Sci Rep. 2024;14(1):26775.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"4","key":"4142_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"045001","DOI":"10.1088\/2043-6254\/abb36a","volume":"11","author":"MA Dar","year":"2020","unstructured":"Dar MA, Mala NA, Dar G, Kumar SS, Govindarajan D. Structural, optical, antibacterial analysis of se NPs synthesized by precipitation method. Adv Nat Sci NanoSci NanoTechnol. 2020;11(4):045001.","journal-title":"Adv Nat Sci NanoSci NanoTechnol"},{"issue":"12","key":"4142_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e32499","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e32499","volume":"10","author":"S Satpathy","year":"2024","unstructured":"Satpathy S, Panigrahi LL, Samal P, Sahoo KK, Arakha M. Biogenic synthesis of selenium nanoparticles from Nyctanthes arbor-tristis L. and evaluation of their antimicrobial, antioxidant and photocatalytic efficacy. Heliyon. 2024;10(12):e32499.","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"4142_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111938","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinorgbio.2022.111938","volume":"237","author":"A Mishra","year":"2022","unstructured":"Mishra A, Pradhan D, Halder J, Biswasroy P, Rai VK, Dubey D, Kar B, Ghosh G, Rath G. Metal nanoparticles against multi-drug-resistance bacteria. J Inorg Biochem. 2022;237:111938.","journal-title":"J Inorg Biochem"},{"issue":"10","key":"4142_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e70013","DOI":"10.1111\/1751-7915.70013","volume":"17","author":"E Lashani","year":"2024","unstructured":"Lashani E, Moghimi H, Turner RJ, Amoozegar MA. Characterization and biological activity of selenium nanoparticles biosynthesized by Yarrowia lipolytica. Microb Biotechnol. 2024;17(10):e70013.","journal-title":"Microb Biotechnol"},{"key":"4142_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"134443","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molstruc.2022.134443","volume":"1274","author":"MM Abdelgalil","year":"2023","unstructured":"Abdelgalil MM, Ammar YA, Ali GAE, Ali AK, Ragab A. A novel of Quinoxaline derivatives tagged with pyrrolidinyl scaffold as a new class of antimicrobial agents: design, synthesis, antimicrobial activity, and molecular Docking simulation. J Mol Struct. 2023;1274:134443.","journal-title":"J Mol Struct"},{"issue":"1","key":"4142_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1186\/s13765-025-00982-2","volume":"68","author":"MAM El-Tabakh","year":"2025","unstructured":"El-Tabakh MAM, Shehata AZI, Sadek AM, Salem SS, Elmehdawy AA, Nazih M, Omar GM, Elsoud AAA, Abdel-Aziz ANG, El-Abeid SE, et al. Multifunctional properties of Phlomis aurea extracts: In-vitro antioxidant, antimicrobial, anticancer, potent repellency against two mosquito vectors and molecular Docking studies. Appl Biol Chem. 2025;68(1):20.","journal-title":"Appl Biol Chem"},{"key":"4142_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143159","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2024.143159","volume":"364","author":"C Krishnaraj","year":"2024","unstructured":"Krishnaraj C, Asmare MM, Yoon J-S, Yun S-I. In Silico mechanistic insights of ecofriendly synthesized agnps, senps, rGO and ag&senps@rgonm\u2019s for biological applications and its toxicity evaluation using Artemia salina. Chemosphere. 2024;364:143159.","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"issue":"23","key":"4142_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15038","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms232315038","volume":"23","author":"OO Adeniji","year":"2022","unstructured":"Adeniji OO, Nontongana N, Okoh JC, Okoh AI. The potential of antibiotics and nanomaterial combinations as therapeutic strategies in the management of multidrug-resistant infections: a review. Int J Mol Sci. 2022;23(23):15038.","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"4142_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s11274-021-03070-x","volume":"37","author":"IE Mba","year":"2021","unstructured":"Mba IE, Nweze EI. Nanoparticles as therapeutic options for treating multidrug-resistant bacteria: research progress, challenges, and prospects. World J Microbiol Biotechnol. 2021;37:1\u201330.","journal-title":"World J Microbiol Biotechnol"},{"key":"4142_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1490740","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2024.1490740","volume":"14","author":"L He","year":"2025","unstructured":"He L, Zhang L, Peng Y, He Z. Selenium in cancer management: exploring the therapeutic potential. Front Oncol. 2025;14:1490740.","journal-title":"Front Oncol"},{"key":"4142_CR59","first-page":"21","volume":"19","author":"N Khatik","year":"2022","unstructured":"Khatik N. Green synthesis of nanomaterials and their utilization as potential vehicles for targeted cancer drug delivery. Nanomedicine. 2022;19:21.","journal-title":"Nanomedicine"},{"issue":"7","key":"4142_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4457","DOI":"10.1007\/s12010-023-04696-3","volume":"196","author":"AAZ Dezfuli","year":"2024","unstructured":"Dezfuli AAZ, Abu-Elghait M, Salem SS. Recent insights into nanotechnology in colorectal Cancer. Appl Biochem Biotechnol. 2024;196(7):4457\u201371.","journal-title":"Appl Biochem Biotechnol"},{"issue":"3","key":"4142_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1009","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22031009","volume":"22","author":"D Radomska","year":"2021","unstructured":"Radomska D, Czarnomysy R, Radomski D, Bielawski K. Selenium compounds as novel potential anticancer agents. Int J Mol Sci. 2021;22(3):1009.","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"10","key":"4142_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2100112","DOI":"10.1002\/ppsc.202100112","volume":"38","author":"P Fatehbasharzad","year":"2021","unstructured":"Fatehbasharzad P, Fatehbasharzad P, Sillanp\u00e4\u00e4 M, Shamsi Z. Investigation of bioimpacts of metallic and metallic oxide nanostructured materials: size, shape, chemical composition, and surface functionality: A review. Part Part Syst Charact. 2021;38(10):2100112.","journal-title":"Part Part Syst Charact"},{"key":"4142_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2021.11.024","volume":"341","author":"M Souri","year":"2022","unstructured":"Souri M, Soltani M, Kashkooli FM, Shahvandi MK. Engineered strategies to enhance tumor penetration of drug-loaded nanoparticles. J Controlled Release. 2022;341:227\u201346.","journal-title":"J Controlled Release"},{"issue":"16","key":"4142_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8956","DOI":"10.1021\/ic301050v","volume":"51","author":"B Yu","year":"2012","unstructured":"Yu B, Zhang Y, Zheng W, Fan C, Chen T. Positive surface charge enhances selective cellular uptake and anticancer efficacy of selenium nanoparticles. Inorg Chem. 2012;51(16):8956\u201363.","journal-title":"Inorg Chem"},{"issue":"1","key":"4142_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1080\/14786419.2023.2256023","volume":"39","author":"FM Eslamieh-Ei","year":"2025","unstructured":"Eslamieh-Ei FM, Sharifimoghaddammood N, Poustchi Tousi SA, Basharkhah S, Mottaghipisheh J, Es-Haghi A, Taghavizadeh Yazdi ME, Iriti M. Synthesis and its characterisation of selenium\/silver\/chitosan and cellular toxicity against liver carcinoma cells studies. Nat Prod Res. 2025;39(1):135\u201343.","journal-title":"Nat Prod Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"4142_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20523","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-69730-8","volume":"14","author":"M Salah","year":"2024","unstructured":"Salah M, Elkabbany NA, Partila AM. Evaluation of the cytotoxicity and antibacterial activity of nano-selenium prepared via gamma irradiation against cancer cell lines and bacterial species. Sci Rep. 2024;14(1):20523.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"4142_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Soliman MKY, Salem SS. Uncovering the potential of biofabricated Ananas comosus peel selenium nanoparticles for antibacterial, antibiofilm, suppression of virulence genes (can and LuxS), anticancer, and antioxidant properties. BMC Biotechnol. 2025;25:51.\u00a0https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12896-025-00999-x.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12896-025-00999-x"},{"issue":"3","key":"4142_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1166\/nnl.2020.3115","volume":"12","author":"AA Alkhudhayri","year":"2020","unstructured":"Alkhudhayri AA, Wahab R, Siddiqui MA, Ahmad J. Selenium nanoparticles induce cytotoxicity and apoptosis in human breast cancer (MCF-7) and liver (HEPG2) cell lines. Nanosci Nanatechnol Lett. 2020;12(3):324\u201330.","journal-title":"Nanosci Nanatechnol Lett"},{"issue":"9","key":"4142_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"926","DOI":"10.1080\/15257770.2021.1964526","volume":"40","author":"L Soltani","year":"2021","unstructured":"Soltani L, Darbemamieh M. Anti-proliferative, apoptotic potential of synthesized selenium nanoparticles against breast cancer cell line (MCF7). Nucleosides Nucleotides Nucleic Acids. 2021;40(9):926\u201341.","journal-title":"Nucleosides Nucleotides Nucleic Acids"},{"issue":"6","key":"4142_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2426","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules28062426","volume":"28","author":"M Yao","year":"2023","unstructured":"Yao M, Deng Y, Zhao Z, Yang D, Wan G, Xu X. Selenium nanoparticles based on Morinda officinalis polysaccharides: characterization, anti-cancer activities, and immune-enhancing activities evaluation in vitro. Molecules. 2023;28(6):2426.","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"issue":"12","key":"4142_CR71","first-page":"157","volume":"67","author":"MK Aly","year":"2024","unstructured":"Aly MK, El-Baz A, Abdel Wahab AHA, Mekawey AA, Sakr EA, El-mokadem MT. Anti-Hepatocellular and anti-lung carcinoma effect of the selenium nanoparticles Myco-Synthesized by penicillium citrnium: an in vitro study. Egypt J Chem. 2024;67(12):157\u201366.","journal-title":"Egypt J Chem"}],"container-title":["BMC Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12866-025-04142-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12866-025-04142-w\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12866-025-04142-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,7]],"date-time":"2025-09-07T16:40:51Z","timestamp":1757263251000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcmicrobiol.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12866-025-04142-w"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,21]]},"references-count":71,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["4142"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12866-025-04142-w","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2180"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2180","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,21]]},"assertion":[{"value":"20 March 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"17 June 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"21 July 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The collection dental samples in this research approved by the Scientific Research Ethical Committee (SREC) at the Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, University of Sadat City, Egypt.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"446"}}