{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,31]],"date-time":"2026-01-31T03:37:19Z","timestamp":1769830639134,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,28]],"date-time":"2025-12-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766880000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,30]],"date-time":"2026-01-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769731200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":33,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Microbiol"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s12866-025-04154-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,28]],"date-time":"2025-12-28T01:45:24Z","timestamp":1766886324000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["\u201cMultidrug-Resistant Achromobacter isolated from soil: an emerging pathogen\u201d"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Rabiya Tabbassum","family":"Khan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sofia Sharief","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shafaq","family":"Rasool","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,28]]},"reference":[{"issue":"188","key":"4154_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1911","DOI":"10.24976\/Discov.Med.202436188.177","volume":"36","author":"AM Algammal","year":"2024","unstructured":"Algammal AM, Behzadi P. Antimicrobial resistance: a global public health concern that needs perspective combating strategies and new talented antibiotics. Discov Med. 2024;36(188):1911.","journal-title":"Discov Med"},{"key":"4154_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Algammal A, Hetta HF, Mabrok M, Behzadi P, Editorial. Emerging multidrug-resistant bacterial pathogens superbugs: A rising public health threat. Front Microbiol. 2023;14\u20132023. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmicb.2023.1135614.","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2023.1135614"},{"issue":"1","key":"4154_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1186\/s12866-024-03472-5","volume":"24","author":"T Golpasand","year":"2024","unstructured":"Golpasand T, Keshvari M, Behzadi P. Distribution of chaperone-usher fimbriae and curli fimbriae among uropathogenic Escherichia coli. BMC Microbiol. 2024;24(1):344.","journal-title":"BMC Microbiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"4154_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"fux053","DOI":"10.1093\/femsre\/fux053","volume":"42","author":"J Bengtsson-Palme","year":"2018","unstructured":"Bengtsson-Palme J, Kristiansson E, Larsson DGJ. Environmental factors influencing the development and spread of antibiotic resistance. FEMS Microbiol Rev. 2018;42(1):fux053.","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"4154_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2928","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2018.02928","volume":"9","author":"E Peterson","year":"2018","unstructured":"Peterson E, Kaur P. Antibiotic resistance mechanisms in bacteria: relationships between resistance determinants of antibiotic producers, environmental bacteria, and clinical pathogens. Front Microbiol. 2018;9:2928.","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"4154_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics10050593","volume":"10","author":"MF Varela","year":"2021","unstructured":"Varela MF, Stephen J, Lekshmi M, Ojha M, Wenzel N, Sanford LM, et al. Bacterial resistance to antimicrobial agents. Antibiotics. 2021;10(5):593.","journal-title":"Antibiotics"},{"issue":"6","key":"4154_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e65567","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0065567","volume":"8","author":"F Walsh","year":"2013","unstructured":"Walsh F, Duffy B. The culturable soil antibiotic resistome: a community of multi-drug resistant bacteria. PLoS ONE. 2013;8(6):e65567.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"12","key":"4154_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2970","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1462-2920.2009.01972.x","volume":"11","author":"RI Aminov","year":"2009","unstructured":"Aminov RI. The role of antibiotics and antibiotic resistance in nature. Environ Microbiol. 2009;11(12):2970\u201388.","journal-title":"Environ Microbiol"},{"key":"4154_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8926453","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/8926453","volume":"2016","author":"M Adama","year":"2016","unstructured":"Adama M, Esena R, Fosu-Mensah B, Yirenya-Tawiah D. Heavy metal contamination of soils around a hospital waste incinerator bottom Ash dumps site. J Environ Public Health. 2016;2016:8926453.","journal-title":"J Environ Public Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"4154_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro1614","volume":"5","author":"GD Wright","year":"2007","unstructured":"Wright GD. The antibiotic resistome: the nexus of chemical and genetic diversity. Nat Rev Microbiol. 2007;5(3):175\u201386.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"4154_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e34953","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0034953","volume":"7","author":"K Bhullar","year":"2012","unstructured":"Bhullar K, Waglechner N, Pawlowski A, Koteva K, Banks ED, Johnston MD, et al. Antibiotic resistance is prevalent in an isolated cave Microbiome. PLoS ONE. 2012;7(4):e34953.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"2","key":"4154_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.3109\/03009734.2014.901446","volume":"119","author":"G Kahlmeter","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kahlmeter G. Defining antibiotic resistance-towards international harmonization. Ups J Med Sci. 2014;119(2):78\u201386.","journal-title":"Ups J Med Sci"},{"key":"4154_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Munita JM, Arias CA. Mechanisms of antibiotic resistance. Microbiol Spectr. 2016;4(2).","DOI":"10.1128\/microbiolspec.VMBF-0016-2015"},{"issue":"12","key":"4154_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1750","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2021.10.020","volume":"14","author":"TM Uddin","year":"2021","unstructured":"Uddin TM, Chakraborty AJ, Khusro A, Zidan BMRM, Mitra S, Emran TB, et al. Antibiotic resistance in microbes: history, mechanisms, therapeutic strategies and future prospects. J Infect Public Health. 2021;14(12):1750\u201366.","journal-title":"J Infect Public Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"4154_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"616","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.45.2.616-620.2001","volume":"45","author":"A Oliver","year":"2001","unstructured":"Oliver A, P\u00e9rez-D\u00edaz JC, Coque TM, Baquero F, Cant\u00f3n R. Nucleotide sequence and characterization of a novel cefotaxime-hydrolyzing beta-lactamase (CTX-M-10) isolated in Spain. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2001;45(2):616\u201320.","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"issue":"3","key":"4154_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1128\/MMBR.00016-10","volume":"74","author":"J Davies","year":"2010","unstructured":"Davies J, Davies D. Origins and evolution of antibiotic resistance. Microbiol Mol Biology Reviews: MMBR. 2010;74(3):417\u201333.","journal-title":"Microbiol Mol Biology Reviews: MMBR"},{"issue":"1","key":"4154_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"acmi000181","DOI":"10.1099\/acmi.0.000181","volume":"3","author":"K Osbiston","year":"2021","unstructured":"Osbiston K, Oxbrough A, Fern\u00e1ndez-Mart\u00ednez LT. Antibiotic resistance levels in soils from urban and rural land uses in great Britain. Access Microbiol. 2021;3(1):acmi000181.","journal-title":"Access Microbiol"},{"key":"4154_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Theyagarajan K, Sruthi VP, Mohanapriya D, Thenmozhi K, Senthilkumar S. Chapter 7 - Biosensor platform for testing active pharmaceutical ingredients. In: Veerapandian M, Joseph J, Marimuthu M, editors. Health and environmental applications of biosensing technologies.Amsterdam, Netherlands, Elsevier; 2024. pp. 129\u201352.","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-443-19039-1.00007-9"},{"key":"4154_CR19","unstructured":"Waters M, Tadi P. Streptomycin. 2023 Jul 4. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025. PMID: 32310346."},{"issue":"1","key":"4154_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1186\/s40168-018-0424-5","volume":"6","author":"MW Van Goethem","year":"2018","unstructured":"Van Goethem MW, Pierneef R, Bezuidt OKI, Van De Peer Y, Cowan DA, Makhalanyane TP. A reservoir of \u2018historical\u2019 antibiotic resistance genes in remote pristine Antarctic soils. Microbiome. 2018;6(1):40.","journal-title":"Microbiome"},{"key":"4154_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"124161","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2020.124161","volume":"319","author":"P Chaturvedi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Chaturvedi P, Giri BS, Shukla P, Gupta P. Recent advancement in remediation of synthetic organic antibiotics from environmental matrices: challenges and perspective. Bioresour Technol. 2021;319:124161.","journal-title":"Bioresour Technol"},{"key":"4154_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-323-54391-0.00002-3","volume-title":"Infectious disease and Pharmacology","author":"OB Payne","year":"2019","unstructured":"Payne OB, Ericson JE. Chapter 2 - Empiric antimicrobials for neonatal Sepsis. In: Benitz WE, Smith PB, editors. Infectious disease and Pharmacology. Philadelphia: Elsevier; 2019. pp. 15\u201325."},{"key":"4154_CR23","volume-title":"Atlas of liver pathology (Fourth Edition)","author":"GC Kanel","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kanel GC. 6 - Drug and Toxin-Induced liver injury. In: Kanel GC, editor. Atlas of liver pathology (Fourth Edition). New Delhi: Elsevier; 2024. 133\u2013\u200983.e10."},{"key":"4154_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Aly AA, Ramadan M, Abuo-Rahma GE-DA, Elshaier YAMM, Elbastawesy MAI, Brown AB, et al. Chapter Three - Quinolones as prospective drugs: their syntheses and biological applications. In: Scriven EFV, Ramsden CA, editors. Advances in heterocyclic chemistry. Volume 135. Cambridge, United States, Academic; 2021. pp. 147\u201396.","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.aihch.2020.08.001"},{"key":"4154_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"892","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2019.00892","volume":"10","author":"J Armalyt\u0117","year":"2019","unstructured":"Armalyt\u0117 J, Skerni\u0161kyt\u0117 J, Bakien\u0117 E, Krasauskas R, \u0160iug\u017edinien\u0117 R, Kareivien\u0117 V, et al. Microbial diversity and antimicrobial resistance profile in microbiota from soils of conventional and organic farming systems. Front Microbiol. 2019;10:892.","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"4154_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.18502\/kls.v2i1.199","volume":"2","author":"R Riffiani","year":"2015","unstructured":"Riffiani R, Sulistinah N, Sunarko B, COMPARISON OF THREE DNA, ISOLATION AND PURIFICATION METHODS OF BACTERIAL DNA. KnE Life Sci. 2015;2(1):491\u20134.","journal-title":"KnE Life Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"4154_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101889","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jksus.2022.101889","volume":"34","author":"AA Algarni","year":"2022","unstructured":"Algarni AA. Combining of molecular 16S rRNA gene and metabolic fingerprinting through biolog system for the identification of streptomycetes in Saudi Arabia. J King Saud Univ - Sci. 2022;34(3):101889.","journal-title":"J King Saud Univ - Sci"},{"issue":"5","key":"4154_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1229","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/mst012","volume":"30","author":"BG Hall","year":"2013","unstructured":"Hall BG. Building phylogenetic trees from molecular data with MEGA. Mol Biol Evol. 2013;30(5):1229\u201335.","journal-title":"Mol Biol Evol"},{"issue":"11","key":"4154_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e01025","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01025-20","volume":"64","author":"B Isler","year":"2020","unstructured":"Isler B, Kidd TJ, Stewart AG, Harris P, Paterson DL. Achromobacter Infections and Treatment Options. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2020;64(11):e01025-20.","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"issue":"1","key":"4154_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1186\/s41182-024-00587-3","volume":"52","author":"S Pantha","year":"2024","unstructured":"Pantha S, Parajuli H, Arjyal C, Karki ST, Shrestha D. Phenotypic characterization of ESBL-producing urinary isolates of E. coli and Klebsiella spp. In a tertiary care children\u2019s hospital In Nepal. Trop Med Health. 2024;52(1):20.","journal-title":"Trop Med Health"},{"issue":"10","key":"4154_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2041","DOI":"10.2166\/wst.2012.355","volume":"66","author":"B Yamina","year":"2012","unstructured":"Yamina B, Tahar B, Marie Laure F. Isolation and screening of heavy metal resistant bacteria from wastewater: a study of heavy metal co-resistance and antibiotics resistance. Water Sci Technol. 2012;66(10):2041\u20138.","journal-title":"Water Sci Technol"},{"issue":"2","key":"4154_CR32","first-page":"171","volume":"25","author":"M Martins","year":"2011","unstructured":"Martins M, Viveiros M, Couto I, Costa SS, Pacheco T, Fanning S, et al. Identification of efflux pump-mediated multidrug-resistant bacteria by the ethidium bromide-agar cartwheel method. In vivo (Athens, Greece). 2011;25(2):171\u20138.","journal-title":"In vivo (Athens, Greece)"},{"issue":"9","key":"4154_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e108016","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0108016","volume":"9","author":"F Fouhy","year":"2014","unstructured":"Fouhy F, Ogilvie LA, Jones BV, Ross RP, Ryan AC, Dempsey EM, et al. Identification of aminoglycoside and \u03b2-lactam resistance genes from within an infant gut functional metagenomic library. PLoS ONE. 2014;9(9):e108016.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"4154_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"231342","DOI":"10.1100\/2012\/231342","volume":"2012","author":"H Momtaz","year":"2012","unstructured":"Momtaz H, Farzan R, Rahimi E, Safarpoor Dehkordi F, Souod N. Molecular characterization of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli isolated from ruminant and Donkey Raw milk samples and traditional dairy products in Iran. TheScientificWorldJournal. 2012;2012:231342.","journal-title":"TheScientificWorldJournal"},{"issue":"16","key":"4154_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5521","DOI":"10.1111\/are.16034","volume":"53","author":"MA Hassan","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hassan MA, Abdel-Naeim NS, Mabrok M, Dessouki AA, Hassan AM. Isolation and identification of Enterococcus faecalis from cultured Oreochromis niloticus and Mugil cephalus with a special emphasis on a possible integrated control strategy. Aquac Res. 2022;53(16):5521\u201335.","journal-title":"Aquac Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"4154_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0069533","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0069533","volume":"10","author":"GG Perron","year":"2015","unstructured":"Perron GG, Whyte L, Turnbaugh PJ, Goordial J, Hanage WP, Dantas G, et al. Functional characterization of Bacteria isolated from ancient Arctic soil exposes diverse resistance mechanisms to modern antibiotics. PLoS ONE. 2015;10(3):e0069533.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"9","key":"4154_CR37","first-page":"1","volume":"64","author":"S Avant","year":"2016","unstructured":"Avant S. Prairies yield clues for antibiotic resistance. Agricultural Res. 2016;64(9):1.","journal-title":"Agricultural Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"4154_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-021-00649-x","volume":"20","author":"DGJ Larsson","year":"2022","unstructured":"Larsson DGJ, Flach C-F. Antibiotic resistance in the environment. Nat Rev Microbiol. 2022;20(5):257\u201369.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol"},{"issue":"12","key":"4154_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e368","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(18)30296-2","volume":"18","author":"A Chatterjee","year":"2018","unstructured":"Chatterjee A, Modarai M, Naylor NR, Boyd SE, Atun R, Barlow J, et al. Quantifying drivers of antibiotic resistance in humans: a systematic review. Lancet Infect Dis. 2018;18(12):e368\u201378.","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"issue":"5","key":"4154_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"704","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cit355","volume":"57","author":"RL Finley","year":"2013","unstructured":"Finley RL, Collignon P, Larsson DG, McEwen SA, Li XZ, Gaze WH, et al. The scourge of antibiotic resistance: the important role of the environment. Clin Infect Diseases: Official Publication Infect Dis Soc Am. 2013;57(5):704\u201310.","journal-title":"Clin Infect Diseases: Official Publication Infect Dis Soc Am"},{"issue":"1","key":"4154_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1186\/s13756-020-0685-1","volume":"9","author":"PY Chia","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chia PY, Sengupta S, Kukreja A, Ponnampalavanar SL, Ng S, Marimuthu OT. The role of hospital environment in transmissions of multidrug-resistant gram-negative organisms. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control. 2020;9(1):29.","journal-title":"Antimicrob Resist Infect Control"},{"issue":"1","key":"4154_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15784","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms15784","volume":"8","author":"X Jiang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Jiang X, Ellabaan MMH, Charusanti P, Munck C, Blin K, Tong Y, et al. Dissemination of antibiotic resistance genes from antibiotic producers to pathogens. Nat Commun. 2017;8(1):15784.","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"1","key":"4154_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1186\/s12866-021-02175-5","volume":"21","author":"N Arefa","year":"2021","unstructured":"Arefa N, Sarker AK, Rahman MA. Resistance-guided isolation and characterization of antibiotic\u2010producing bacteria from river sediments. BMC Microbiol. 2021;21(1):116.","journal-title":"BMC Microbiol"},{"key":"4154_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"739500","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2023.739500","volume":"571","author":"HM Raharjo","year":"2023","unstructured":"Raharjo HM, Budiyansah H, Mursalim MF, Chokmangmeepisarn P, Sakulworakan R, Debnath PP, et al. The first evidence of blaCTX-M-55, QnrVC5, and novel insight into the genome of MDR Vibrio vulnificus isolated from Asian sea bass (Lates calcarifer) identified by resistome analysis. Aquaculture. 2023;571:739500.","journal-title":"Aquaculture"},{"key":"4154_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"696522","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2021.696522","volume":"12","author":"SM Kamal","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kamal SM, Simpson DJ, Wang Z, G\u00e4nzle M, R\u00f6mling U. Horizontal Transmission of Stress Resistance Genes Shape the Ecology of Beta- and Gamma-Proteobacteria. Front Microbiol. 2021;12:696522.","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"4154_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-024-09362-5","volume":"24","author":"S Worku","year":"2024","unstructured":"Worku S, Abebe T, Seyoum B, Alemu B, Denkayehu G, Seyoum T, et al. Molecular characterization of carbapenemase and extended spectrum beta-lactamase producing Acinetobacter baumannii isolates causing surgical site infections in Ethiopia. BMC Infect Dis. 2024;24(1):459.","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"4154_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics13030257","volume":"13","author":"T Karampatakis","year":"2024","unstructured":"Karampatakis T, Tsergouli K, Behzadi P. Pan-Genome plasticity and virulence factors: A natural treasure trove for Acinetobacter baumannii. Antibiotics. 2024;13(3):257.","journal-title":"Antibiotics"},{"issue":"13","key":"4154_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7957","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrev.1c00138","volume":"121","author":"G Bahr","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bahr G, Gonz\u00e1lez LJ, Vila AJ. Metallo-\u03b2-lactamases in the age of multidrug resistance: from structure and mechanism to evolution, dissemination, and inhibitor design. Chem Rev. 2021;121(13):7957\u20138094.","journal-title":"Chem Rev"},{"issue":"4","key":"4154_CR49","first-page":"520","volume":"11","author":"L Huang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Huang L, Wu C, Gao H, Xu C, Dai M, Huang L, et al. Bacterial Multidrug Efflux Pumps at the Frontline of Antimicrobial Resistance: An Overview. Antibiot (Basel Switzerland). 2022;11(4):520.","journal-title":"Antibiot (Basel Switzerland)"}],"container-title":["BMC Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12866-025-04154-6","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12866-025-04154-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12866-025-04154-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,30]],"date-time":"2026-01-30T15:05:49Z","timestamp":1769785549000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1186\/s12866-025-04154-6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,28]]},"references-count":49,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["4154"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12866-025-04154-6","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2180"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2180","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,28]]},"assertion":[{"value":"22 August 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"19 June 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"28 December 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not Applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"74"}}