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Among these, foodborne pathogens capable of causing gastroenteritis in humans are of particular concern, as rodents can facilitate their transmission through contamination of food sources. Forest-dwelling rodents may harbour bacterial taxa native to their habitat, posing a risk of zoonotic spillover to nearby human settlements. This risk is further heightened by the growing prevalence of ecotourism activities, particularly in tropical countries like Malaysia. In this study, rodent trapping was conducted in selected forested areas adjacent to human settlements across Sarawak. Nanopore sequencing of the full-length 16\u00a0S rRNA gene was conducted on faecal DNA from 46 rodent individuals representing seven different species (\n                    <jats:italic>Maxomys surifer<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>M. tajuddinii<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>M. whiteheadi<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>Niviventer cremoriventer<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>Rattus tanezumi<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>R. tiomanicus<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>Sundamys muelleri<\/jats:italic>\n                    ). A total of ten bacterial species associated with gastroenteritis were successfully detected. Notable findings in this study include\n                    <jats:italic>Campylobacter<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>Shigella<\/jats:italic>\n                    species, which are known to cause bacterial gastroenteritis in humans. Also, the presence of certain bacterial taxa in specific rodent genera suggests potential host specificity of foodborne pathogens. This study highlights the potential public health risks caused by rodent-borne bacterial transmission and the importance of monitoring forest rodents as potential reservoirs of zoonotic pathogens.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12866-025-04241-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,23]],"date-time":"2025-08-23T01:44:34Z","timestamp":1755913474000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Metagenomic insights into host-specific gastroenteritis bacteria in forest rodents of Sarawak, Borneo: implications for one health surveillance of rodent-borne pathogens"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Muhammad Amin Iman","family":"Azmi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julius","family":"William-Dee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhd Amsyari","family":"Morni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nur Afiqah Aqilah","family":"Azhar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nor Al-Shuhadah","family":"Sabarudin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emy Ritta","family":"Jinggong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Syamzuraini","family":"Zolkapley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nur Iylia Maisarah","family":"Baharom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhammad Danish","family":"Haqeem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Victor Lee","family":"Sien","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Asfa Hanis","family":"Mohamad Azmi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Madinah","family":"Adrus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cheng-Siang","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Faisal Ali Anwarali","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,23]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"4241_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens9030202","volume":"9","author":"H Dahmana","year":"2020","unstructured":"Dahmana H, Granjon L, Diagne C, Davoust B, Fenollar F, Mediannikov O. 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