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Prior to the beginning of this study, we obtained the approval of the Animal Welfare and Animal Experimental Ethics Review Committee of China Agricultural University (Issue No: AW01605202-2\u201302). All deceased\n                      Galleria mellonella\n                      were collected in biohazard bags labeled as\"infectious waste\"followed by autoclaving (121\u00a0\u00b0C, 15\u00a0min) and incineration according to laboratory biosafety protocols. Moribund larvae (e.g., melanized but not fully expired) were rapidly frozen at -20\u00a0\u00b0C prior to identical sterilization and disposal procedures. These measures comply with institutional biosafety regulations. We confirm that informed consent for sample collection and subsequent data release was obtained from all cattle owners prior to sample collection.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"662"}}