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This study aimed to determine the prevalence of <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>K. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic> in MPs marketed in Sohag Governorate, Egypt, with a particular focus on extended-spectrum \u03b2-lactamases (ESBL)-producing and Shiga toxin-producing <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic> (STEC), as well as to evaluate their antimicrobial resistance (AMR) profiles. Therefore, a total of 150 MP samples (30 of each burger, kofta, luncheon, minced meat, and sausage) were randomly collected from the stores and supermarkets in Sohag Governorate and subjected to bacteriological examinations. <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>K. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic> were detected in 10% and 4% of the samples, respectively. Among the isolates, 66.7% of both <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>K. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic> were multi-drug resistant (MDR), and all the isolates had a multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) index above 0.2. Moreover, 53.3% of <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic> and 33.3% of <jats:italic>K. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic> isolates were ESBL-producers, and demonstrated higher levels of co-resistance to non-\u03b2-lactam antibiotics, compared to non-ESBL-producers isolates. PCR analysis revealed the presence of resistance and virulence genes in the investigated <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic> isolates (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200910), including <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n            <jats:sub>\n              <jats:italic>CTX-M<\/jats:italic>\n            <\/jats:sub>, <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n            <jats:sub>\n              <jats:italic>TEM<\/jats:italic>\n            <\/jats:sub>, <jats:italic>dfrA<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic> stx1<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>stx2<\/jats:italic> genes, with 90%, 80%, 90%, 10%, and 20% prevalence, respectively. <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic> isolates carrying <jats:italic>stx1<\/jats:italic> or <jats:italic>stx2<\/jats:italic> gene were found as MDR and ESBL-producing isolates. The concordance between genotypic and phenotypic AMR ranged from 30% to 90% %, indicating varying degrees of correlation. The findings highlight the presence of MDR, ESBL-producing <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic> K. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>, and STECs in retail MPs in Sohag Governorate, posing a potential risk to public health. These results underscore the urgent need for improved hygienic measures along the food production chain and stricter regulations on the use of antimicrobials in food animals.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12866-025-04392-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,7]],"date-time":"2025-10-07T01:36:30Z","timestamp":1759800990000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Prevalence of multi-drug resistant and extended-spectrum \u03b2-lactamase producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae among meat products sold at Sohag Governorate, Egypt"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Usama Hassan","family":"Abo-Shama","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aly El Sayed","family":"Abo-Amer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eman Abd El-Atty","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Reem Mohamed","family":"Alsaadawy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haitham Helmy","family":"Sayed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,7]]},"reference":[{"issue":"10","key":"4392_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1446","DOI":"10.3390\/nu16101446","volume":"16","author":"J Stadnik","year":"2024","unstructured":"Stadnik J. 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