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Unfortunately, monitoring atypical\n                      <jats:italic>Brucella<\/jats:italic>\n                      remains challenging because misidentification with\n                      <jats:italic>Ochrobactrum<\/jats:italic>\n                      spp. and\n                      <jats:italic>Brucella\u00a0melitensis<\/jats:italic>\n                      is common when using routine microbiological tests.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In our study, we describe a\n                      <jats:italic>Brucella<\/jats:italic>\n                      strain isolated from White\u2019s tree frogs (\n                      <jats:italic>Litoria\u00a0caerulea<\/jats:italic>\n                      ) that were initially examined for chytridiomycosis after they had developed dermal abnormalities. Classical microbiological and matrix-assisted laser desorption\/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry analyses and a species-specific polymerase chain reaction confirmed that isolate CVUAS_1139.3 is an atypical\n                      <jats:italic>Brucella<\/jats:italic>\n                      strain. This non-fastidious, fast growing, flagellated, and motile bacterium is not susceptible to lysis by the\n                      <jats:italic>Brucella<\/jats:italic>\n                      phages used for typing. Further characterization using the differential metabolic phenotyping approach, revealed that\n                      <jats:italic>Brucella<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0sp. CVUAS_1139.3 could be differentiated from classical\n                      <jats:italic>Brucella<\/jats:italic>\n                      spp., as well as from\n                      <jats:italic>Ochrobactrum anthropi<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>O.\u00a0intermedium<\/jats:italic>\n                      , based on its metabolic activity. The substrate utilization patterns may be suitable for a simple and cost-effective diagnostic assay. Phylogenetic analysis positioned\n                      <jats:italic>Brucella<\/jats:italic>\n                      sp. CVUAS_1139.3 distant from the classical\n                      <jats:italic>Brucella<\/jats:italic>\n                      spp. within the novel, non-core\n                      <jats:italic>Brucella<\/jats:italic>\n                      clade. Within this clade,\n                      <jats:italic>Brucella<\/jats:italic>\n                      sp. CVUAS_1139.3 shares a close phylogenetic relationship with\n                      <jats:italic>B. inopinata<\/jats:italic>\n                      strains and various African bullfrog isolates, and it is most closely related to a recently identified human isolate from Australia. Antimicrobial resistance testing revealed that it is susceptible to antibiotics widely applied in standard treatment regimens. In human THP-1 macrophage-like cells, the replication rate of the novel\n                      <jats:italic>Brucella<\/jats:italic>\n                      frog isolate was comparable to that of\n                      <jats:italic>B.\u00a0inopinata<\/jats:italic>\n                      .\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In summary, the amphibian-derived strain\n                      <jats:italic>Brucella<\/jats:italic>\n                      sp. CVUAS_1139.3 clusters phylogenetically with and is phenotypically alike to previously reported isolates from amphibian hosts and human brucellosis patients within the novel, non-core clade. Our report and other studies suggest that exotic frogs are potential reservoirs for human pathogenic\n                      <jats:italic>Brucella<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0spp., which might pose an underestimated zoonotic hazard for exposed individuals.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12866-025-04479-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,13]],"date-time":"2025-12-13T09:52:56Z","timestamp":1765619576000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["A new member of the novel, non-core Brucella clade: An exotic frog isolate closely related to atypical Brucella isolates from recent human brucellosis cases in Australia"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4779-5424","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christoph-Martin","family":"Ufermann","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dirk","family":"Hofreuter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ashish K.","family":"Gadicherla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cathrin","family":"Spr\u00f6er","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Boyke","family":"Bunk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rainer","family":"Oehme","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Franck","family":"Cantet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephan","family":"K\u00f6hler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3835-0818","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sascha","family":"Al Dahouk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"4479_CR1","first-page":"161","volume":"39","author":"D Bruce","year":"1887","unstructured":"Bruce D. 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Brewyn, PA: Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute; 2024."}],"container-title":["BMC Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12866-025-04479-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12866-025-04479-2\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12866-025-04479-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,13]],"date-time":"2025-12-13T09:52:59Z","timestamp":1765619579000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1186\/s12866-025-04479-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,13]]},"references-count":115,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["4479"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12866-025-04479-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2180"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2180","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,13]]},"assertion":[{"value":"15 May 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"14 October 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"13 December 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Ethical approval was not required for our investigation. The Chemical and Veterinary Investigation Office (Chemisches und Veterin\u00e4runtersuchungsamt [CVUA]) in Stuttgart, Germany, is an official laboratory for food safety and animal health. The CVUAS became involved upon request of the owner of two diseased White\u2019s tree frogs, who suspected that the animals were suffering from chytridiomycosis a fungal infection known to cause mass mortality in both wild and captive amphibian populations. The CVUAS carried out the examination of the animals as part of its statutory duties. Because of their severely compromised health status the frogs had to be euthanized. Subsequent pathological and microbiological analyses were conducted at the CVUAS as part of routine veterinary diagnostics. Hence, the animals in our study were neither experimentally infected nor euthanized for the purpose of isolating microbes.Written informed consent was not obtained from the owner, as the individual remains anonymous and cannot be identified based on the information provided.Ethical approval was not required for the studies on human biological samples in accordance with the local legislation and institutional requirements, as only commercially available, established cell lines were used.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participation"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"790"}}