{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,20]],"date-time":"2026-03-20T00:57:58Z","timestamp":1773968278534,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,3]],"date-time":"2026-01-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767398400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,6]],"date-time":"2026-02-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770336000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":34,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Microbiol"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s12866-025-04655-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,3]],"date-time":"2026-01-03T07:04:48Z","timestamp":1767423888000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Molecular characterization of human pathogenic Enterocytozoon bieneusi, Giardia duodenalis and Cyclospora cayetanensis of diarrheal outpatients in Yangtze river delta region, China"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Hua","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuan","family":"Qin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qingqiu","family":"Zuo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaocheng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lele","family":"Huo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jianping","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yujuan","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"4655_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"630968","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/630968","volume":"2014","author":"J Dhanabal","year":"2014","unstructured":"Dhanabal J, Selvadoss PP, Muthuswamy K. Comparative study of the prevalence of intestinal parasites in low socioeconomic areas from South chennai, India. J Parasitol Res. 2014;2014:630968.","journal-title":"J Parasitol Res"},{"key":"4655_CR2","unstructured":"World Health Organization (WHO). Diarrhoeal Disease. Available online: Date accessed 29 Aug 2025.\u00a0https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/diarrhoeal-disease"},{"key":"4655_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e204","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(19)30541-8","volume":"8","author":"MM Levine","year":"2020","unstructured":"Levine MM, Nasrin D, Acacio S, Bassat Q, Powell H, Tennant SM, et al. Diarrhoeal disease and subsequent risk of death in infants and children residing in low-income and middle-income countries: analysis of the GEMS case-control study and 12-month GEMS-1A follow-on study. Lancet Glob Health. 2020;8:e204\u201314.","journal-title":"Lancet Glob Health"},{"key":"4655_CR4","first-page":"e8001","volume":"14","author":"PJ Hotez","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hotez PJ, Aksoy S, Brindley PJ, Kamhawi S. What constitutes a neglected tropical disease? PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2020;14:e8001.","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"4655_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"i34","DOI":"10.1093\/inthealth\/ihw007","volume":"8","author":"B Mengitsu","year":"2016","unstructured":"Mengitsu B, Shafi O, Kebede B, Kebede F, Worku DT, Herero M, et al. Ethiopia and its steps to mobilize resources to achieve 2020 elimination and control goals for neglected tropical diseases webs joined can tie a Lion. Int Health. 2016;8(Suppl 1):i34\u201352.","journal-title":"Int Health"},{"key":"4655_CR6","unstructured":"US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Parasites\u2014 Giardia. 2022. https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/parasites\/giardia\/index. html. Accessed 4 Sept 2023."},{"key":"4655_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4199","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-021-07325-2","volume":"120","author":"W Cai","year":"2021","unstructured":"Cai W, Ryan U, Xiao L, Feng Y. Zoonotic giardiasis: an update. Parasitol Res. 2021;120:4199\u2013218.","journal-title":"Parasitol Res"},{"key":"4655_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciab949","volume":"75","author":"D Michlmayr","year":"2022","unstructured":"Michlmayr D, Alves DSL, Muller L, Jokelainen P, Ethelberg S, Vestergaard LS, et al. Incubation Period, spore shedding Duration, and symptoms of Enterocytozoon bieneusi genotype C infection in a foodborne outbreak in Denmark, 2020. Clin Infect Dis. 2022;75:468\u201375.","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"4655_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2003","DOI":"10.1086\/315112","volume":"180","author":"L Cotte","year":"1999","unstructured":"Cotte L, Rabodonirina M, Chapuis F, Bailly F, Bissuel F, Raynal C, et al. Waterborne outbreak of intestinal microsporidiosis in persons with and without human immunodeficiency virus infection. J Infect Dis. 1999;180:2003\u20138.","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"12","key":"4655_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e06971","DOI":"10.2903\/j.efsa.2021.6971.)","volume":"9","author":"European Food Safety Authority and European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (EFSA and ECDC)","year":"2021","unstructured":"European Food Safety Authority and European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (EFSA and ECDC). The European union one health 2020 zoonoses report. EFSA J. 2021b;9(12):e06971. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2903\/j.efsa.2021.6971.).","journal-title":"EFSA J"},{"key":"4655_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"684","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-017-2787-9","volume":"17","author":"H Liu","year":"2017","unstructured":"Liu H, Jiang Z, Yuan Z, Yin J, Wang Z, Yu B, et al. Infection by and genotype characteristics of Enterocytozoon bieneusi in HIV\/AIDS patients from Guangxi Zhuang autonomous region, China. Bmc Infect Dis. 2017;17:684.","journal-title":"Bmc Infect Dis"},{"key":"4655_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pazmino-Gomez BJ, Rodas-Pazmino J, Guevara-Viejo F, Rodas-Pazmino K, Coello-Peralta R, Rodas-Neira E et al. Prevalence and individualized risk factors of E. bieneusi and E. intestinalis infections among people living with HIV (PLHIV) with diarrhea in ecuador: insights from a Single-Center Cross-Sectional study. J Clin Med. 2025;14(2):348.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm14020348"},{"key":"4655_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2019.04.004","volume":"35","author":"W Li","year":"2019","unstructured":"Li W, Feng Y, Santin M. Host specificity of Enterocytozoon bieneusi and public health implications. Trends Parasitol. 2019;35:436\u201351.","journal-title":"Trends Parasitol"},{"key":"4655_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ramezanzadeh S, Beloukas A, Pagheh AS, Rahimi MT, Hosseini SA, Oliveira S et al. Global Burden of Cyclospora cayetanensis Infection and Associated Risk Factors in People Living with HIV and\/or AIDS. Viruses. 2022;14(6):1279.","DOI":"10.3390\/v14061279"},{"key":"4655_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-7519(02)00268-0","volume":"33","author":"JM Shields","year":"2003","unstructured":"Shields JM, Olson BH. Cyclospora cayetanensis: a review of an emerging parasitic Coccidian. Int J Parasitol. 2003;33:371\u201391.","journal-title":"Int J Parasitol"},{"key":"4655_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1220","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.42.3.1220-1223.2004","volume":"42","author":"JJ Verweij","year":"2004","unstructured":"Verweij JJ, Blange RA, Templeton K, Schinkel J, Brienen EA, van Rooyen MA, et al. Simultaneous detection of Entamoeba histolytica, Giardia lamblia, and Cryptosporidium parvum in fecal samples by using multiplex real-time PCR. J Clin Microbiol. 2004;42:1220\u20133.","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"4655_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-4017(02)00422-3","volume":"112","author":"AJ Appelbee","year":"2003","unstructured":"Appelbee AJ, Frederick LM, Heitman TL, Olson ME. Prevalence and genotyping of Giardia duodenalis from beef calves in Alberta, Canada. Vet Parasitol. 2003;112:289\u201394.","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"key":"4655_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4495","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.69.8.4495-4501.2003","volume":"69","author":"IM Sulaiman","year":"2003","unstructured":"Sulaiman IM, Fayer R, Lal AA, Trout JM, Schaefer FR, Xiao L. Molecular characterization of microsporidia indicates that wild mammals harbor host-adapted Enterocytozoon spp. As well As human-pathogenic Enterocytozoon bieneusi. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2003;69:4495\u2013501.","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"key":"4655_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/173.2.440","volume":"173","author":"DA Relman","year":"1996","unstructured":"Relman DA, Schmidt TM, Gajadhar A, Sogin M, Cross J, Yoder K, et al. Molecular phylogenetic analysis of Cyclospora, the human intestinal pathogen, suggests that it is closely related to Eimeria species. J Infect Dis. 1996;173:440\u20135.","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"4655_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.46234\/ccdcw2022.028","volume":"4","author":"Y Jiang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Jiang Y, Yuan Z, Liu H, Yin J, Qin Y, Jiang X, et al. Intestinal protozoan infections in patients with Diarrhea - Shanghai Municipality, Zhenjiang City, and Danyang City, China, 2011\u20132015 and 2019\u20132021. China CDC Wkly. 2022;4:143\u20137.","journal-title":"China CDC Wkly"},{"key":"4655_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105952","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2022.105952","volume":"174","author":"H Liu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Liu H, Ni H, Liu S, Shen Y, Wang R, Cao J, et al. First report on occurrence and genotypes of Enterocytozoon bieneusi, Cryptosporidium spp. and Cyclospora cayetanensis from diarrheal outpatients in Ningbo, Southeast China. Microb Pathog. 2023;174:105952.","journal-title":"Microb Pathog"},{"key":"4655_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-019-3800-5","volume":"12","author":"F Yu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Yu F, Li D, Chang Y, Wu Y, Guo Z, Jia L, et al. Molecular characterization of three intestinal protozoans in hospitalized children with different disease backgrounds in Zhengzhou, central China. Parasit Vectors. 2019;12:543.","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"key":"4655_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1550-7408.2003.tb00642.x","volume":"50","author":"IM Sulaiman","year":"2003","unstructured":"Sulaiman IM, Bern C, Gilman R, Cama V, Kawai V, Vargas D, et al. A molecular biologic study of Enterocytozoon bieneusi in HIV-infected patients in Lima, Peru. J Eukaryot Microbiol. 2003;50:591\u20136.","journal-title":"J Eukaryot Microbiol"},{"key":"4655_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2999","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00684-07","volume":"45","author":"A Espern","year":"2007","unstructured":"Espern A, Morio F, Miegeville M, Illa H, Abdoulaye M, Meyssonnier V, et al. Molecular study of microsporidiosis due to Enterocytozoon bieneusi and Encephalitozoon intestinalis among human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients from two geographical areas: Niamey, Niger, and Hanoi, Vietnam. J Clin Microbiol. 2007;45:2999\u20133002.","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"4655_CR25","first-page":"603","volume":"5","author":"R Wumba","year":"2012","unstructured":"Wumba R, Longo-Mbenza B, Menotti J, Mandina M, Kintoki F, Situakibanza NH, et al. Epidemiology, clinical, immune, and molecular profiles of microsporidiosis and cryptosporidiosis among HIV\/AIDS patients. Int J Gen Med. 2012;5:603\u201311.","journal-title":"Int J Gen Med"},{"key":"4655_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2011.12.002","volume":"42","author":"ML Lobo","year":"2012","unstructured":"Lobo ML, Xiao L, Antunes F, Matos O. Microsporidia as emerging pathogens and the implication for public health: a 10-year study on HIV-positive and -negative patients. Int J Parasitol. 2012;42:197\u2013205.","journal-title":"Int J Parasitol"},{"key":"4655_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2012.11-0548","volume":"86","author":"FO Akinbo","year":"2012","unstructured":"Akinbo FO, Okaka CE, Omoregie R, Dearen T, Leon ET, Xiao L. Molecular epidemiologic characterization of Enterocytozoon bieneusi in HIV-infected persons in Benin City, Nigeria. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2012;86:441\u20135.","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"4655_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1572","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00187-09","volume":"47","author":"S Leelayoova","year":"2009","unstructured":"Leelayoova S, Piyaraj P, Subrungruang I, Pagornrat W, Naaglor T, Phumklan S, et al. Genotypic characterization of Enterocytozoon bieneusi in specimens from pigs and humans in a pig farm community in central Thailand. J Clin Microbiol. 2009;47:1572\u20134.","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"4655_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3739","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01606-09","volume":"47","author":"W Pagornrat","year":"2009","unstructured":"Pagornrat W, Leelayoova S, Rangsin R, Tan-Ariya P, Naaglor T, Mungthin M. Carriage rate of Enterocytozoon bieneusi in an orphanage in Bangkok, Thailand. J Clin Microbiol. 2009;47:3739\u201341.","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"4655_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2016.01.005","volume":"10","author":"S Khanduja","year":"2017","unstructured":"Khanduja S, Ghoshal U, Agarwal V, Pant P, Ghoshal UC. Identification and genotyping of Enterocytozoon bieneusi among human immunodeficiency virus infected patients. J Infect Public Health. 2017;10:31\u201340.","journal-title":"J Infect Public Health"},{"key":"4655_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1515\/ap-2017-0007","volume":"62","author":"S Khanduja","year":"2017","unstructured":"Khanduja S, Ghoshal U, Ghoshal UC. Phylogenetic analysis of genetically distinct Enterocytozoon bieneusi infecting renal transplant recipients. Acta Parasitol. 2017;62:63\u20138.","journal-title":"Acta Parasitol"},{"key":"4655_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"670","DOI":"10.1007\/s004360050317","volume":"83","author":"H Rinder","year":"1997","unstructured":"Rinder H, Katzwinkel-Wladarsch S, Loscher T. Evidence for the existence of genetically distinct strains of Enterocytozoon bieneusi. Parasitol Res. 1997;83:670\u20132.","journal-title":"Parasitol Res"},{"issue":"Pt 5","key":"4655_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182099004229","volume":"118","author":"AC Breitenmoser","year":"1999","unstructured":"Breitenmoser AC, Mathis A, Burgi E, Weber R, Deplazes P. High prevalence of Enterocytozoon bieneusi in swine with four genotypes that differ from those identified in humans. Parasitology. 1999;118(Pt 5):447\u201353.","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"4655_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1645\/17-108","volume":"104","author":"S Ding","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ding S, Huang W, Qin Q, Tang J, Liu H. Genotype identification and phylogenetic analysis of Enterocytozoon bieneusi isolates from stool samples of diarrheic children. J Parasitol. 2018;104:297\u2013301.","journal-title":"J Parasitol"},{"key":"4655_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Popruk S, Abu A, Ampawong S, Thiangtrongjit T, Tipthara P, Tarning J et al. Mass Spectrometry-Based metabolomics revealed effects of metronidazole on Giardia duodenalis. Pharmaceuticals (Basel). 2023;16(3):408.","DOI":"10.3390\/ph16030408"},{"key":"4655_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.5578\/mb.10107","volume":"49","author":"C Cicek","year":"2015","unstructured":"Cicek C, Sakru N. [Genotyping of Giardia intestinalis isolates in the Thrace Region, Turkey]. Mikrobiyol Bul. 2015;49:576\u201385.","journal-title":"Mikrobiyol Bul"},{"key":"4655_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm7009a2","volume":"70","author":"EE Conners","year":"2021","unstructured":"Conners EE, Miller AD, Balachandran N, Robinson BM, Benedict KM. Giardiasis Outbreaks - United States, 2012\u20132017. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2021;70:304\u20137.","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"4655_CR38","first-page":"361","volume":"34","author":"M Umar","year":"2016","unstructured":"Umar M, Chen XY, Osman Y, Simayi A, Hou YY, Maimaitiyiming Y, et al. [Epidemiological survey on human intestinal protozoa in Xinjiang Uygur autonomous region in 2015]. Zhongguo Ji Sheng Chong Xue Yu Ji Sheng Chong Bing Za Zhi. 2016;34:361\u20135.","journal-title":"Zhongguo Ji Sheng Chong Xue Yu Ji Sheng Chong Bing Za Zhi"},{"key":"4655_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100651","DOI":"10.1016\/j.onehlt.2023.100651","volume":"17","author":"J Sun","year":"2023","unstructured":"Sun J, Qin Z, Fu Y, Qin H, Sun M, Dong H, et al. Assessment of potential zoonotic transmission of Giardia duodenalis from dogs and cats. One Health. 2023;17:100651.","journal-title":"One Health"},{"key":"4655_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2017.03.006","volume":"51","author":"T Wang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Wang T, Fan Y, Koehler AV, Ma G, Li T, Hu M, et al. First survey of Cryptosporidium, Giardia and Enterocytozoon in diarrhoeic children from Wuhan, China. Infect Genet Evol. 2017;51:127\u201331.","journal-title":"Infect Genet Evol"},{"issue":"8","key":"4655_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1731","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms13081731","volume":"13","author":"Z Tao","year":"2025","unstructured":"Tao Z, Hong K, Qin P, Liu H, Wang C, Yin J, et al. Emergence of Cryptosporidium parvum IIc subtype and Giardia duodenalis assemblage E in AIDS patients in central china: evidence for neglected transmission dynamics. Microorganisms. 2025;13(8):1731.","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"key":"4655_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8224587","DOI":"10.1155\/2023\/8224587","volume":"2023","author":"J Li","year":"2023","unstructured":"Li J, Karim MR, Siddiki S, Chen Y, Qin Z, Rume FI, et al. Potential zoonotic transmission of Giardia duodenalis between children and calves in Bangladesh. Transbound Emerg Dis. 2023;2023:8224587.","journal-title":"Transbound Emerg Dis"},{"key":"4655_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182019001471","volume":"147","author":"J Li","year":"2020","unstructured":"Li J, Wang R, Chen Y, Xiao L, Zhang L. Cyclospora cayetanensis infection in humans: biological characteristics, clinical features, epidemiology, detection method and treatment. Parasitology. 2020;147:160\u201370.","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"4655_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1007\/s11684-018-0614-3","volume":"12","author":"Y Jiang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Jiang Y, Yuan Z, Zang G, Li D, Wang Y, Zhang Y, et al. Cyclospora cayetanensis infections among diarrheal outpatients in shanghai: a retrospective case study. Front Med. 2018;12:98\u2013103.","journal-title":"Front Med"},{"key":"4655_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1890","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182017001299","volume":"144","author":"J Li","year":"2017","unstructured":"Li J, Chang Y, Shi KE, Wang R, Fu K, Li S, et al. Multilocus sequence typing and clonal population genetic structure of Cyclospora cayetanensis in humans. Parasitology. 2017;144:1890\u20137.","journal-title":"Parasitology"}],"container-title":["BMC Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12866-025-04655-4","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12866-025-04655-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12866-025-04655-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,6]],"date-time":"2026-02-06T13:52:58Z","timestamp":1770385978000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1186\/s12866-025-04655-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,3]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["4655"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12866-025-04655-4","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-7484750\/v1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1471-2180"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2180","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"29 August 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"17 December 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"3 January 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This study was conducted in accordance with the ethical principles of the Declaration of Helsinki.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"99"}}