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We conducted this study to explore the biological capabilities of R6, an endophytic actinomycete isolated from\n                    <jats:italic>Ocimum tenuiflorum<\/jats:italic>\n                    . The strain exhibited significant antibacterial activity, particularly against ESBL-producing\n                    <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    (20\u00a0mm) and\n                    <jats:italic>Klebsiella pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n                    (25\u00a0mm). Moderate antifungal activity was also observed against\n                    <jats:italic>Aspergillus fumigatus<\/jats:italic>\n                    (9\u201310\u00a0mm). Cytotoxicity screening using the MTT assay revealed 75% cell mortality at 100\u00a0mg\/mL against Baby Hamster Kidney fibroblast (BHK-21) cell lines. Thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and HPLC-UV\/Vis analysis indicated the presence of polyketides, indoles, and amines, suggesting the synthesis of biologically active compounds. The detection of type I polyketide synthase (PKS-I) gene cluster further confirmed its potential for synthesizing novel secondary metabolites. Genetic identification through analysis of 16\u00a0S rRNA sequencing and phylogenetics indicated it to be\n                    <jats:italic>Streptomyces violaceoruber<\/jats:italic>\n                    . To the best of our understanding, this is the first report of the isolation of\n                    <jats:italic>Streptomyces violaceoruber<\/jats:italic>\n                    from the medicinal plant,\n                    <jats:italic>Ocimum tenuiflorum<\/jats:italic>\n                    . These findings support the prospect of medicinal plant endophytes as a potential source of antimicrobial and cytotoxic compounds, encouraging further research on their pharmaceutical applications.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12866-025-04685-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,12]],"date-time":"2026-01-12T10:17:44Z","timestamp":1768213064000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Polyphasic characterization, bioactive potential and metabolite profiling of Streptomyces violaceoruber R6 isolated from Ocimum tenuiflorum"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Asma","family":"Ilyas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ezza","family":"Ashraf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hafsa","family":"Shahzadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9966-4293","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rabia","family":"Tanvir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aftab Ahmad","family":"Anjum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhammad","family":"Nawaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ali Ahmed","family":"Sheikh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhammad Hassan","family":"Mushtaq","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wasim","family":"Shehzad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,12]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"4685_CR1","first-page":"1","volume":"10","author":"M Karth\u0131ka","year":"2023","unstructured":"Karth\u0131ka M, Rasmi AR. 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