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This study investigated the prevalence of key carbapenemase genes among clinical\n                    <jats:italic>A. baumannii<\/jats:italic>\n                    isolates and evaluated the antimicrobial potential of chitosan nanoparticles (Cs NPs) as an alternative therapeutic approach. Thirty-five clinical isolates were screened for\n                    <jats:italic>blaOXA-51<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>blaOXA-23<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>blaNDM-1<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>blaIMP-1<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:italic>blaVIM-1<\/jats:italic>\n                    using colony PCR. Cs NPs were synthesized and characterized by XRD, FTIR, zeta potential, DLS, and TEM, and their antimicrobial activity was assessed using broth microdilution and electron microscopy. All isolates carried\n                    <jats:italic>blaOXA-51<\/jats:italic>\n                    , while\n                    <jats:italic>blaOXA-23<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>blaNDM-1<\/jats:italic>\n                    were detected in 80.0% and 45.7% of strains, respectively;\n                    <jats:italic>blaIMP-1<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>blaVIM-1<\/jats:italic>\n                    were absent. Cs NPs exhibited characteristic FTIR bands and an amorphous XRD profile, showed a narrow size distribution (~\u200940\u2009\u00b1\u20092\u00a0nm), a zeta potential of +\u200935\u2009\u00b1\u20091 mV, and predominantly spherical morphology by TEM. They demonstrated strong antimicrobial activity, with MICs of 20\u201341.7\u00a0\u00b5g\/mL and MBCs of 25\u201353.3\u00a0\u00b5g\/mL, and TEM imaging revealed marked membrane disruption in treated cells. These findings highlight the high burden of carbapenemase genes in\n                    <jats:italic>A. baumannii<\/jats:italic>\n                    isolates and support Cs NPs as a promising antimicrobial candidate for combating this critical pathogen.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12866-025-04706-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,2]],"date-time":"2026-02-02T05:55:19Z","timestamp":1770011719000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Carbapenemase-mediated resistance in Acinetobacter baumannii clinical isolates: molecular epidemiology and antimicrobial potential of chitosan nanoparticles"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Fatma","family":"Abdullah","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmed F.","family":"Azmy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zienab E.","family":"Eldin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mai E.","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fatma","family":"Molham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"4706_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Lee C-R, Lee JH, Park M, Park KS, Bae IK, Kim YB et al. 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The Ethics Committee of Beni-Suef University\u2019s Faculty of Post Graduate Studies for Advanced Sciences examined and accepted the study protocol, assigning it approval number [PSAS-BSU-HAREC.025\/07\/02]. Prior to their involvement, all participants and\/or their legal guardians gave their informed consent.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"160"}}