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This study reports the isolation and molecular confirmation of\n                      <jats:italic>Brucella canis<\/jats:italic>\n                      from dogs in Egypt and provides genetic relatedness of\n                      <jats:italic>Brucella melitensis<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>Brucella canis<\/jats:italic>\n                      in dogs to evaluate their public health significance.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 785 dogs (both stray and owned) in Cairo and Giza (Feb\u2013Dec 2024) were examined for\n                      <jats:italic>Brucella spp.<\/jats:italic>\n                      ; all blood samples were examined using serological tests only (RBPT, SAT with 2-ME) however, 365 reproductive tissue samples including 215 and 150 from testicular and uterine samples respectively were collected from animals undergoing surgical procedures and were used for bacteriological isolation. Molecular confirmation was achieved via AMOS-PCR and Suis-ladder multiplex PCR for\n                      <jats:italic>B. canis<\/jats:italic>\n                      . Genetic relatedness was assessed by ERIC-PCR fingerprinting and cluster analysis, with Simpson\u2019s diversity index used to evaluate typing discrimination.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Twelve\n                      <jats:italic>Brucella spp.<\/jats:italic>\n                      isolates (3.28%) recovered, comprising 8 isolates for\n                      <jats:italic>B. melitensis<\/jats:italic>\n                      biovar 3 and 4 for\n                      <jats:italic>B. canis<\/jats:italic>\n                      .\n                      <jats:italic>B. melitensis<\/jats:italic>\n                      occurred in both stray and owned dogs while\n                      <jats:italic>B. canis<\/jats:italic>\n                      was found only in strays marking its first isolation in Egypt. Suis-ladder PCR reliably distinguished\n                      <jats:italic>B. canis<\/jats:italic>\n                      from\n                      <jats:italic>B. suis<\/jats:italic>\n                      , and ERIC-PCR showed moderate genetic diversity. Temporal\u2013spatial data revealed low, but the detection occurred across several districts in both owned and stray dog populations.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Molecular tools like Suis-ladder PCR and ERIC-PCR proved effective for precise characterization of isolates in addition, this study documents the first isolation of\n                      <jats:italic>B. canis<\/jats:italic>\n                      from dogs in Egypt emphasizing their role as potential public health relevance of canine brucellosis.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12866-026-04787-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,20]],"date-time":"2026-02-20T16:35:07Z","timestamp":1771605307000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["First isolation and molecular confirmation of Brucella canis in dogs from Egypt"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Ahmed","family":"Thabet","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmed","family":"Orabi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nour H.","family":"Abdel-Hamid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lamia Ali","family":"El-Ebeedy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mona","family":"Kadry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. 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Stray Dogs as Reservoirs and Sources of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases in the Environment of the City of Uralsk in Western Kazakhstan.Biology, 2025;14(6):683.","DOI":"10.3390\/biology14060683"},{"key":"4787_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prevetmed.2016.11.004","volume":"135","author":"FJ Villatoro","year":"2016","unstructured":"Villatoro FJ, Sep\u00falveda MA, Stowhas P, Silva-Rodr\u00edguez EA. Urban dogs in rural areas: Human-mediated movement defines dog populations in Southern Chile. Prev Vet Med. 2016;135:59\u201366.","journal-title":"Prev Vet Med"}],"container-title":["BMC Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12866-026-04787-1","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12866-026-04787-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12866-026-04787-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T18:34:12Z","timestamp":1781634852000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1186\/s12866-026-04787-1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,20]]},"references-count":51,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["4787"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12866-026-04787-1","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2180"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2180","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,20]]},"assertion":[{"value":"4 September 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"22 January 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"20 February 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The study was conducted in agreement with the ethical guidelines established by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) in the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University in Egypt (Vet CU081020251256). Sampling of stray dogs was carried out under the official Capture\u2013Neuter\u2013Vaccinate\u2013Return (CNVR) program in collaboration with authorized municipal shelters. Regarding the owned dogs\u2019 samples, we confirm that informed consent was obtained from all owners before sample collection. All experimental protocols were approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt and are reported in accordance with the ARRIVE guidelines.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"165"}}