{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,26]],"date-time":"2026-07-26T07:51:47Z","timestamp":1785052307933,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,23]],"date-time":"2026-02-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771804800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,30]],"date-time":"2026-03-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774828800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":35,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2023YFC2605603"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023YFC2605603"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82273696"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82273696"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Program for Innovative Research Team (in Science and Technology\uff09","award":["25IRTSTHN038"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["25IRTSTHN038"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Microbiol"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s12866-026-04848-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,23]],"date-time":"2026-02-23T14:17:43Z","timestamp":1771856263000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["The trend and potential factors of the longitudinal antimicrobial resistance of Escherichia coli strains in recent decades worldwide"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Ying","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yange","family":"Cui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haitao","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liqin","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinzhao","family":"Long","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jingyuan","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haiyan","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"4848_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1199","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(24)01867-1","volume":"404","author":"Global burden of bacterial antimicrobial","year":"2024","unstructured":"Global burden of bacterial antimicrobial. Resistance 1990\u20132021: a systematic analysis with forecasts to 2050. Lancet (London England). 2024;404:1199\u2013226. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0140-6736(24)01867-1.","journal-title":"Lancet (London England)"},{"key":"4848_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115260","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2020.115260","volume":"266","author":"SQ Zhang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhang SQ, Abbas M, Rehman MU, Huang YH, Zhou R, Gong SY, Yang H, Chen SL, Wang MS, Cheng AC. Dissemination of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) via integrons in Escherichia coli: A risk to human health. Environ Pollut. 2020;266:115260. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envpol.2020.115260.","journal-title":"Environ Pollut"},{"key":"4848_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Poirel L, Madec JY, Lupo A, Schink AK, Kieffer N, Nordmann P, Schwarz S. Antimicrobial resistance in Escherichia coli. Microbiol Spectr. 2018;6. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/microbiolspec.ARBA-0026-2017.","DOI":"10.1128\/microbiolspec.ARBA-0026-2017"},{"key":"4848_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"176347","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.176347","volume":"954","author":"B Wang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wang B, Farhan MHR, Yuan L, Sui Y, Chu J, Yang X, Li Y, Huang L, Cheng G. Transfer dynamics of antimicrobial resistance among gram-negative bacteria. Sci Total Environ. 2024;954:176347. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.176347.","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"key":"4848_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1016\/s1473-3099(18)30056-2","volume":"18","author":"PJ van Duijn","year":"2018","unstructured":"van Duijn PJ, Verbrugghe W, Jorens PG, Sp\u00f6hr F, Schedler D, Deja M, Rothbart A, Annane D, Lawrence C, Nguyen Van JC, et al. The effects of antibiotic cycling and mixing on antibiotic resistance in intensive care units: a cluster-randomised crossover trial. Lancet Infect Dis. 2018;18:401\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s1473-3099(18)30056-2.","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"4848_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"548492","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2020.548492","volume":"10","author":"VS Braz","year":"2020","unstructured":"Braz VS, Melchior K, Moreira CG. Escherichia coli as a multifaceted pathogenic and versatile bacterium. Front Cell Infect Mi. 2020;10:548492. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fcimb.2020.548492.","journal-title":"Front Cell Infect Mi"},{"key":"4848_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1295037","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2023.1295037","volume":"14","author":"E G\u00f3mez-Sanz","year":"2023","unstructured":"G\u00f3mez-Sanz E, Bagutti C, Garc\u00eda-Mart\u00edn AB, Roth JA, Alt Hug M, Maurer Pekerman L, Schindler R, Furger R, Eichenberger L, Steffen I, et al. Extended-spectrum \u03b2-lactamase-producing enterobacterales in diverse foodstuffs: a prospective, longitudinal study in the City of Basel, Switzerland. Front Microbiol. 2023;14:1295037. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmicb.2023.1295037.","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"key":"4848_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijfoodmicro.2018.06.009","volume":"283","author":"A M\u00fcller","year":"2018","unstructured":"M\u00fcller A, Jansen W, Grabowski NT, Monecke S, Ehricht R, Kehrenberg C. ESBL- and AmpC-producing Escherichia coli from legally and illegally imported meat: characterization of isolates brought into the EU from third countries. Int J Food Microbiol. 2018;283:52\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijfoodmicro.2018.06.009.","journal-title":"Int J Food Microbiol"},{"key":"4848_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"120830","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2023.120830","volume":"248","author":"R Gomi","year":"2024","unstructured":"Gomi R, Matsumura Y, Yamamoto M, Tanaka M, Komakech AJ, Matsuda T, Harada H. Genomic surveillance of antimicrobial-resistant Escherichia coli in fecal sludge and sewage in Uganda. Water Res. 2024;248:120830. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.watres.2023.120830.","journal-title":"Water Res"},{"key":"4848_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2023.12.020","volume":"145","author":"DH Grevskott","year":"2024","unstructured":"Grevskott DH, Radisic V, Salv\u00e0-Serra F, Moore ERB, Akervold KS, Victor MP, Marathe NP. Emergence and dissemination of epidemic-causing OXA-244 carbapenemase-producing Escherichia coli ST38 through hospital sewage in Norway, 2020\u20132022. J Hosp Infect. 2024;145:165\u201373. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jhin.2023.12.020.","journal-title":"J Hosp Infect"},{"key":"4848_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100051","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfp.2023.100051","volume":"86","author":"A Aditya","year":"2023","unstructured":"Aditya A, Tabashsum Z, Alvarado Martinez Z, Wei Tung C, Suh G, Nguyen P, Biswas D. Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli and their antibiotic resistance patterns in dairy farms and their microbial ecosystems. J Food Prot. 2023;86:100051. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jfp.2023.100051.","journal-title":"J Food Prot"},{"key":"4848_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0297921","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0297921","volume":"19","author":"S Ajulo","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ajulo S, Awosile B. Global antimicrobial resistance and use surveillance system (GLASS 2022): investigating the relationship between antimicrobial resistance and antimicrobial consumption data across the participating countries. PLoS ONE. 2024;19:e0297921. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0297921.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"4848_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Klein EY, Van Boeckel TP, Martinez EM, Pant S, Gandra S, Levin SA, Goossens H, Laxminarayan R. Global increase and geographic convergence in antibiotic consumption between 2000 and 2015. P Natl Acad Sci USA. 2018;115. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.1717295115.","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1717295115"},{"key":"4848_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(20)30332-7","volume":"21","author":"EY Klein","year":"2021","unstructured":"Klein EY, Milkowska-Shibata M, Tseng KK, Sharland M, Gandra S, Pulcini C, Laxminarayan R. Assessment of WHO antibiotic consumption and access targets in 76 countries, 2000-15: an analysis of pharmaceutical sales data. Lancet Infect Dis. 2021;21:107\u201315. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1473-3099(20)30332-7.","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"4848_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2023.12.014","volume":"187","author":"A Sarkar","year":"2024","unstructured":"Sarkar A, McInroy CJA, Harty S, Raulo A, Ibata NGO, Valles-Colomer M, Johnson KV, Brito IL, Henrich J, Archie EA, et al. Microbial transmission in the social Microbiome and host health and disease. Cell. 2024;187:17\u201343. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cell.2023.12.014.","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"4848_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/d41586-023-04077-0","author":"C Wong","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wong C. Antibiotic resistance is a growing threat - is climate change making it worse? Nature. 2024. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/d41586-023-04077-0.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"4848_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Roy S, Dumont MG, Bradley JA, Hern\u00e1ndez M. Microbial interactions between climate warming and antimicrobial resistance threaten soil carbon storage and global health. ISME J. 2025;19. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ismejo\/wraf220.","DOI":"10.1093\/ismejo\/wraf220"},{"key":"4848_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1512","DOI":"10.1038\/s41559-025-02740-5","volume":"9","author":"D Lin","year":"2025","unstructured":"Lin D, Du S, Zhao Z, Zhang T, Wang L, Zhang Q, Zhou SY, Graham DW, Tissue DT, Zhu D, et al. Climate warming fuels the global antibiotic resistome by altering soil bacterial traits. Nat Ecol Evol. 2025;9:1512\u201326. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41559-025-02740-5.","journal-title":"Nat Ecol Evol"},{"key":"4848_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Yang JW, Nam JH, Lee KJ, Yoo JS. Effect of temperature on Carbapenemase-Encoding plasmid transfer in Klebsiella pneumoniae. Microorganisms. 2024;12. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/microorganisms12030454.","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms12030454"},{"key":"4848_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tim.2006.02.006","volume":"14","author":"C Baker-Austin","year":"2006","unstructured":"Baker-Austin C, Wright MS, Stepanauskas R, McArthur JV. Co-selection of antibiotic and metal resistance. Trends Microbiol. 2006;14:176\u201382. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tim.2006.02.006.","journal-title":"Trends Microbiol"},{"key":"4848_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117542","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.117542","volume":"240","author":"C Li","year":"2024","unstructured":"Li C, Zhang Y, Chen R, Wang N, Liu J, Liu F. Influence of mineralized organic carbon in marine sediments on ecological heavy metal risk: Bohai Bay case study. Environ Res. 2024;240:117542. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envres.2023.117542.","journal-title":"Environ Res"},{"key":"4848_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9808","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1816020116","volume":"116","author":"NS Diffenbaugh","year":"2019","unstructured":"Diffenbaugh NS, Burke M. Global warming has increased global economic inequality. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2019;116:9808\u201313. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.1816020116.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"4848_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"869","DOI":"10.1038\/s41558-022-01426-1","volume":"12","author":"C Mora","year":"2022","unstructured":"Mora C, McKenzie T, Gaw IM, Dean JM, von Hammerstein H, Knudson TA, Setter RO, Smith CZ, Webster KM, Patz JA, et al. Over half of known human pathogenic diseases can be aggravated by climate change. Nat Clim Chang. 2022;12:869\u201375. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41558-022-01426-1.","journal-title":"Nat Clim Chang"},{"key":"4848_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100926","DOI":"10.1016\/j.onehlt.2024.100926","volume":"19","author":"I Balta","year":"2024","unstructured":"Balta I, Lemon J, Murnane C, Pet I, Vintila T, McCleery D, Callaway T, Douglas A, Stef L, Corcionivoschi N. The one health aspect of climate events with impact on foodborne pathogens transmission. One Health (Amsterdam Netherlands). 2024;19:100926. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.onehlt.2024.100926.","journal-title":"One Health (Amsterdam Netherlands)"},{"key":"4848_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Mendes Pedro D, Santos D, Meneses M, Gon\u00e7alves F, Domingos GJ, Caneiras C. Risk of colonization with Multidrug-Resistant Gram-Negative bacteria among travellers and migrants: A narrative review. Trop Med Infect Disease. 2025;10. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/tropicalmed10010026.","DOI":"10.3390\/tropicalmed10010026"},{"key":"4848_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101327","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drup.2025.101327","volume":"84","author":"RT White","year":"2025","unstructured":"White RT, Thornley CN, Bloomfield M, Dyet K, Elvy J, Perez H, Hardaker A, Harrington M, Jackson S, Kelly M, et al. Integration of bla(OXA-48) into a Col156 plasmid drove a carbapenem-resistant Escherichia coli ST131 outbreak in new zealand: global genomic evidence for the gene\u2019s multilayered dissemination. Drug Resist Updates: Reviews Commentaries Antimicrob Anticancer Chemother. 2025;84:101327. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.drup.2025.101327.","journal-title":"Drug Resist Updates: Reviews Commentaries Antimicrob Anticancer Chemother"},{"key":"4848_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10278","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-66070-7","volume":"16","author":"HM Martiny","year":"2025","unstructured":"Martiny HM, Munk P, Fuschi A, Becsei \u00c1, Pyrounakis N, Brinch C, Larsson DGJ, Koopmans M, Remondini D, Csabai I, et al. Geographics and bacterial networks differently shape the acquired and latent global sewage resistomes. Nat Commun. 2025;16:10278. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-025-66070-7.","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"4848_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6953","DOI":"10.1080\/10408398.2023.2177607","volume":"64","author":"M Yuan","year":"2024","unstructured":"Yuan M, Huang Z, Malakar PK, Pan Y, Zhao Y, Zhang Z. Antimicrobial resistomes in food chain microbiomes. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2024;64:6953\u201374. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10408398.2023.2177607.","journal-title":"Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr"},{"key":"4848_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173888","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.173888","volume":"944","author":"L Yang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Yang L, Wu X, Wu G, Wu Y, Li H, Shao B. Association analysis of antibiotic and disinfectant resistome in human and foodborne E. coli in Beijing, China. Sci Total Environ. 2024;944:173888. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.173888.","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"key":"4848_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1418476","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2024.1418476","volume":"15","author":"AR Davies","year":"2024","unstructured":"Davies AR, Chisnall T, Akter S, Afrad MMH, Sadekuzzaman M, Badhy SC, Hasan MZ, Rahman MT, Smith RP, Card RM, et al. Genomic characterisation of Escherichia coli isolated from poultry at retail through sink surveillance in Dhaka, Bangladesh reveals high levels of multi-drug resistance. Front Microbiol. 2024;15:1418476. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmicb.2024.1418476.","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"key":"4848_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1366719","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2024.1366719","volume":"15","author":"A Heidari","year":"2024","unstructured":"Heidari A, Emami MH, Maghool F, Mohammadzadeh S, Kadkhodaei Elyaderani P, Safari T, Fahim A, Dolatabadi K. Molecular epidemiology, antibiotic resistance profile and frequency of integron 1 and 2 in adherent-invasive Escherichia coli isolates of colorectal cancer patients. Front Microbiol. 2024;15:1366719. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmicb.2024.1366719.","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"key":"4848_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Sv\u00e1b D, Somogyi Z, T\u00f3th I, Marina J, Jose SV, Jeeba J, Safna A, Juh\u00e1sz J, Nagy P, Abdelnassir AMT, et al. Molecular markers and antimicrobial resistance patterns of extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli from camel calves including Colistin-Resistant and hypermucoviscuous strains. Trop Med Infect Disease. 2024;9. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/tropicalmed9060123.","DOI":"10.3390\/tropicalmed9060123"},{"key":"4848_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/mdr.2024.0026","author":"F Alsahlani","year":"2024","unstructured":"Alsahlani F, Haeili M. Genetic alterations associated with colistin resistance development in Escherichia coli. Microb Drug Resist (Larchmont N Y). 2024. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/mdr.2024.0026.","journal-title":"Microb Drug Resist (Larchmont N Y)"},{"key":"4848_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Sung K, Nawaz M, Park M, Chon J, Khan SA, Alotaibi K, Revollo J, Miranda JA, Khan AA. Whole-Genome sequence analysis of antibiotic Resistance, Virulence, and plasmid dynamics in Multidrug-Resistant E. coli isolates from imported shrimp. Foods (Basel Switzerland). 2024;13. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/foods13111766.","DOI":"10.3390\/foods13111766"},{"key":"4848_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2024.04.001","author":"Q Wang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wang Q, Wang W, Zhu Q, Shoaib M, Chengye W, Zhu Z, Wei X, Bai Y, Zhang J. The prevalent dynamic and genetic characterization of mcr-1 encoding multi-drug resistant Escherichia coli strains recovered from poultry in Hebei, China. J Global Antimicrob Resist. 2024. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jgar.2024.04.001.","journal-title":"J Global Antimicrob Resist"},{"key":"4848_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.18502\/ijm.v16i2.15351","volume":"16","author":"M Ghamari","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ghamari M, Emaneini M, Hemmati S, Jabalameli F, Beigverdi R. Phenotypic and genotypic evaluation of aminoglycoside resistance in Escherichia coli isolated from patients with blood stream infections in Tehran, Iran. Iran J Microbiol. 2024;16:187\u201392. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18502\/ijm.v16i2.15351.","journal-title":"Iran J Microbiol"},{"key":"4848_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"D517","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkz935","volume":"48","author":"BP Alcock","year":"2020","unstructured":"Alcock BP, Raphenya AR, Lau TTY, Tsang KK, Bouchard M, Edalatmand A, Huynh W, Nguyen ALV, Cheng AA, Liu SH, et al. CARD 2020: antibiotic resistome surveillance with the comprehensive antibiotic resistance database. Nucleic Acids Res. 2020;48:D517\u201325. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/nar\/gkz935.","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"4848_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"713724","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2021.713724","volume":"12","author":"EM Sim","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sim EM, Kim R, Gall M, Arnott A, Howard P, Valcanis M, Howden BP, Sintchenko V. Added value of genomic surveillance of virulence factors in Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli in new South Wales, Australia. Front Microbiol. 2021;12:713724. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmicb.2021.713724.","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"key":"4848_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175357","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.175357","volume":"950","author":"H Yuan","year":"2024","unstructured":"Yuan H, Xu J, Wang Y, Shi L, Dong Y, Liu F, Long J, Duan G, Jin Y, Chen S, et al. The longitudinal trend and influential factors exploring of global antimicrobial resistance in Klebsiella pneumoniae. Sci Total Environ. 2024;950:175357. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.175357.","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"key":"4848_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3891","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-06393-w","volume":"9","author":"K P\u00e4rn\u00e4nen","year":"2018","unstructured":"P\u00e4rn\u00e4nen K, Karkman A, Hultman J, Lyra C, Bengtsson-Palme J, Larsson DGJ, Rautava S, Isolauri E, Salminen S, Kumar H, et al. Maternal gut and breast milk microbiota affect infant gut antibiotic resistome and mobile genetic elements. Nat Commun. 2018;9:3891. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-018-06393-w.","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"4848_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1221","DOI":"10.1038\/s41564-022-01182-0","volume":"7","author":"C Yang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yang C, Li YH, Jiang M, Wang L, Jiang YX, Hu LL, Shi XL, He LH, Cai R, Wu S, et al. Outbreak dynamics of foodborne pathogen over a seventeen year period implies hidden reservoirs. Nat Microbiol. 2022;7:1221\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41564-022-01182-0.","journal-title":"Nat Microbiol"},{"key":"4848_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107415","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2024.107415","volume":"65","author":"L Shi","year":"2025","unstructured":"Shi L, Yuan H, Xu J, Long J, Liu F, Jin Y, Chen S, Zhu J, Duan G, Yang H. The longitudinal trend and driving factors of antimicrobial resistance among Streptococcus pneumoniae worldwide. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2025;65:107415. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2024.107415.","journal-title":"Int J Antimicrob Agents"},{"key":"4848_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1191","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-36633-7","volume":"14","author":"K Lee","year":"2023","unstructured":"Lee K, Raguideau S, Sir\u00e9n K, Asnicar F, Cumbo F, Hildebrand F, Segata N, Cha CJ, Quince C. Population-level impacts of antibiotic usage on the human gut Microbiome. Nat Commun. 2023;14:1191. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-023-36633-7.","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"4848_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129288","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2022.129288","volume":"437","author":"L Song","year":"2022","unstructured":"Song L, Jiang GY, Wang C, Ma JB, Chen H. Effects of antibiotics consumption on the behavior of airborne antibiotic resistance genes in chicken farms. J Hazard Mater. 2022;437:129288. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2022.129288.","journal-title":"J Hazard Mater"},{"key":"4848_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Van Boeckel TP, Pires J, Silvester R, Zhao C, Song J, Criscuolo NG, Gilbert M, Bonhoeffer S, Laxminarayan R. Global trends in antimicrobial resistance in animals in low- and middle-income countries. Science. 2019;365(eaaw1944). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.aaw1944.","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aaw1944"},{"key":"4848_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E893","DOI":"10.1016\/S2542-5196(21)00280-1","volume":"5","author":"AJ Browne","year":"2021","unstructured":"Browne AJ, Chipeta MG, Haines-Woodhouse G, Kumaran EPA, Hamadani BHK, Zaraa S, Henry NJ, Deshpande A, Reiner RC, Day NPJ, et al. Global antibiotic consumption and usage in humans, 2000-18: a Spatial modelling study. Lancet Planet Health. 2021;5:E893\u2013904. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S2542-5196(21)00280-1.","journal-title":"Lancet Planet Health"},{"key":"4848_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15755","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2001240117","volume":"117","author":"J Rodr\u00edguez-Beltr\u00e1n","year":"2020","unstructured":"Rodr\u00edguez-Beltr\u00e1n J, Sorum V, Toll-Riera M, de la Vega C, Pe\u00f1a-Miller R, Mill\u00e1n S. Genetic dominance governs the evolution and spread of mobile genetic elements in bacteria. P Natl Acad Sci USA. 2020;117:15755\u201362. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.2001240117.","journal-title":"P Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"4848_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"800","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-45154-w","volume":"15","author":"SB Zhu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhu SB, Hong JK, Wang T. Horizontal gene transfer is predicted to overcome the diversity limit of competing microbial species. Nat Commun. 2024;15:800. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-024-45154-w.","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"4848_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1449","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-45638-9","volume":"15","author":"R Maddamsetti","year":"2024","unstructured":"Maddamsetti R, Yao Y, Wang T, Gao J, Huang VT, Hamrick GS, Son HI, You L. Duplicated antibiotic resistance genes reveal ongoing selection and horizontal gene transfer in bacteria. Nat Commun. 2024;15:1449. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-024-45638-9.","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"4848_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1553","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-29283-8","volume":"13","author":"ZY Zhang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zhang ZY, Zhang Q, Wang TZ, Xu NH, Lu T, Hong WJ, Penuelas J, Gillings M, Wang MX, Gao WW, et al. Assessment of global health risk of antibiotic resistance genes. Nat Commun. 2022;13:1553. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-022-29283-8.","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"4848_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0194832","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0194832","volume":"13","author":"G Lhermie","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lhermie G, Tauer LW, Gr\u00f6hn YT. The farm cost of decreasing antimicrobial use in dairy production. PLoS ONE. 2018;13:e0194832. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0194832.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"4848_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1350","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aao1495","volume":"357","author":"TP Van Boeckel","year":"2017","unstructured":"Van Boeckel TP, Glennon EE, Chen D, Gilbert M, Robinson TP, Grenfell BT, Levin SA, Bonhoeffer S, Laxminarayan R. Consider user fees and regulatory caps on veterinary use. Science. 2017;357:1350\u20132. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.aao1495.","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"4848_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5649","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1503141112","volume":"112","author":"TP Van Boeckel","year":"2015","unstructured":"Van Boeckel TP, Brower C, Gilbert M, Grenfell BT, Levin SA, Robinson TP, Teillant A, Laxminarayan R. Global trends in antimicrobial use in food animals. P Natl Acad Sci USA. 2015;112:5649\u201354. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.1503141112.","journal-title":"P Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"4848_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101060","DOI":"10.1016\/j.animal.2023.101060","volume":"18","author":"Z Ardakani","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ardakani Z, Aragrande M, Canali M. Global antimicrobial use in livestock farming: an estimate for cattle, chickens, and pigs. Animal. 2024;18:101060. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.animal.2023.101060.","journal-title":"Animal"},{"key":"4848_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"918","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics9120918","volume":"9","author":"K Tiseo","year":"2020","unstructured":"Tiseo K, Huber L, Gilbert M, Robinson TP, Van Boeckel TP. Global trends in antimicrobial use in food animals from 2017 to 2030. Antibiotics-Basel. 2020;9:918. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/antibiotics9120918.","journal-title":"Antibiotics-Basel"},{"key":"4848_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/1040841x.2020.1715339","volume":"46","author":"S Lee","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lee S, Mir RA, Park SH, Kim D, Kim HY, Boughton RK, Morris JG Jr., Jeong KC. Prevalence of extended-spectrum \u03b2-lactamases in the local farm environment and livestock: challenges to mitigate antimicrobial resistance. Crit Rev Microbiol. 2020;46:1\u201314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/1040841x.2020.1715339.","journal-title":"Crit Rev Microbiol"},{"key":"4848_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kuang X, Yang RS, Ye XQ, Sun J, Liao XP, Liu YH, Yu Y. NDM-5-Producing Escherichia coli Co-Harboring mcr-1 Gene in Companion Animals in China Animals-Basel. 2022;12:1310. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ani12101310","DOI":"10.3390\/ani12101310"},{"key":"4848_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0007438","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0007438","volume":"13","author":"R Adrizain","year":"2019","unstructured":"Adrizain R, Setiabudi D, Chairulfatah A. The inappropriate use of antibiotics in hospitalized dengue virus-infected children with presumed concurrent bacterial infection in teaching and private hospitals in Bandung, Indonesia. Plos Negl Trop D. 2019;13:e0007438. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0007438.","journal-title":"Plos Negl Trop D"},{"key":"4848_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e001315","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjgh-2018-001315","volume":"4","author":"EY Klein","year":"2019","unstructured":"Klein EY, Tseng KK, Pant S, Laxminarayan R. Tracking global trends in the effectiveness of antibiotic therapy using the drug resistance index. Bmj Glob Health. 2019;4:e001315. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjgh-2018-001315.","journal-title":"Bmj Glob Health"},{"key":"4848_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"916","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.accounts.8b00643","volume":"52","author":"P Vikesland","year":"2019","unstructured":"Vikesland P, Garner E, Gupta S, Kang S, Maile-Moskowitz A, Zhu N. Differential drivers of antimicrobial resistance across the world. Acc Chem Res. 2019;52:916\u201324. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acs.accounts.8b00643.","journal-title":"Acc Chem Res"},{"key":"4848_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"812","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2017.07.010","volume":"23","author":"JA Cox","year":"2017","unstructured":"Cox JA, Vlieghe E, Mendelson M, Wertheim H, Ndegwa L, Villegas MV, Gould I, Hara GL. Antibiotic stewardship in low- and middle-income countries: the same but different? Clin Microbiol Infec. 2017;23:812\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cmi.2017.07.010.","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infec"},{"key":"4848_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Davey P, Marwick CA, Scott CL, Charani E, McNeil K, Brown E, Gould IM, Ramsay CR, Michie S. Interventions to improve antibiotic prescribing practices for hospital inpatients. Cochrane Db Syst Rev. 2017;CD003543. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/14651858.CD003543.pub4.","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD003543.pub4"},{"key":"4848_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.2471\/Blt.20.270934","volume":"99","author":"B Simmons","year":"2021","unstructured":"Simmons B, Ariyoshi K, Ohmagari N, Pulcini C, Huttner B, Gandra S, Satta G, Moja L, Sharland M, Magrini N, et al. Progress towards antibiotic use targets in eight high-income countries. B World Health Organ. 2021;99:550\u201361. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2471\/Blt.20.270934.","journal-title":"B World Health Organ"},{"key":"4848_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2018.09.002","volume":"361","author":"YY Yang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Yang YY, Liu GH, Ye C, Liu WZ. Bacterial community and climate change implication affected the diversity and abundance of antibiotic resistance genes in wetlands on the Qinghai-Tibetan plateau. J Hazard Mater. 2019;361:283\u201393. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2018.09.002.","journal-title":"J Hazard Mater"},{"key":"4848_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Jang GI, Hwang CY, Cho BC. Effects of heavy rainfall on the composition of airborne bacterial communities. Front Env Sci Eng. 2018;12. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11783-018-1008-0.","DOI":"10.1007\/s11783-018-1008-0"},{"key":"4848_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"532","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2018.09.120","volume":"651","author":"W Ouyang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ouyang W, Xu Y, Cao JQ, Gao X, Gao B, Hao ZC, Lin CY. Rainwater characteristics and interaction with atmospheric particle matter transportation analyzed by remote sensing around Beijing. Sci Total Environ. 2019;651:532\u201340. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2018.09.120.","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"key":"4848_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105318","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2019.105318","volume":"134","author":"W Ouyang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ouyang W, Gao B, Cheng HG, Zhang L, Wang YD, Lin CY, Chen J. Airborne bacterial communities and antibiotic resistance gene dynamics in PM2.5 during rainfall. Environ Int. 2020;134:105318. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envint.2019.105318.","journal-title":"Environ Int"},{"key":"4848_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.1038\/s41558-018-0161-6","volume":"8","author":"DR MacFadden","year":"2018","unstructured":"MacFadden DR, McGough SF, Fisman D, Santillana M, Brownstein JS. Antibiotic resistance increases with local temperature. Nat Clim Change. 2018;8:510\u20134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41558-018-0161-6.","journal-title":"Nat Clim Change"}],"container-title":["BMC Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12866-026-04848-5","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12866-026-04848-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12866-026-04848-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,30]],"date-time":"2026-03-30T15:04:06Z","timestamp":1774883046000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1186\/s12866-026-04848-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,23]]},"references-count":68,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["4848"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12866-026-04848-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2180"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2180","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,23]]},"assertion":[{"value":"3 September 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"10 February 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"23 February 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"286"}}