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Animal models are essential for understanding disease progression and assessing potential treatments in the presence of infection. Previously reported\n                    <jats:italic>P. aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n                    lung infection rodent models for CF research have weaknesses that include being acute rather than chronic infections, high levels of associated mortality, use laboratory strains of\n                    <jats:italic>P. aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n                    , or do not utilise CF rodents. The aim of this study was to create a localised single-lung\n                    <jats:italic>P. aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n                    infection in wildtype and two CF rat models, by using a miniature bronchoscope to deliver bacteria embedded in agar beads generated from a clinical CF bacterial isolate. Cohorts of animals were assessed at days 7, 14, 21 and 63. The number of colony forming units were measured, along with bronchoalveolar lavage, flexiVent mechanics, X-ray Velocimetry (XV) ventilation analysis, and histopathology. The resulting infection was well tolerated by all animals of all genotypes with no mortality associated with the procedure or infection. The right-lung exhibited localised acute bronchopneumonia and lymphocytic vasculitis early, progressing to chronic interstitial pneumonia with fibrosis and emphysema. Bacteria persisted for 9 weeks (63 days) in all genotypes, with lung mechanics changes observed by day 63 of the infection. The precise delivery of bacterial laden beads using a miniature bronchoscope generated a controlled and reproducible infection that persisted for up to nine weeks, with minimal impact on animal health.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12866-026-04893-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,10]],"date-time":"2026-03-10T03:47:15Z","timestamp":1773114435000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["A longitudinal evaluation of localised chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection in cystic fibrosis rat models"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Nicole","family":"Reyne","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bernadette","family":"Boog","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patricia","family":"Cmielewski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandra","family":"McCarron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ronan","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nathan","family":"Rout-Pitt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nina","family":"Eikelis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kris","family":"Nilsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Finnie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennie","family":"Louise","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Parsons","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Donnelley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,10]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"4893_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1186\/s12890-016-0339-5","volume":"16","author":"AY Bhagirath","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bhagirath AY, et al. 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