{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T07:55:25Z","timestamp":1790063725589,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,30]],"date-time":"2026-03-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774828800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]],"date-time":"2026-04-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775692800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":10,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003789","name":"Helwan University","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003789","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Microbiol"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The development of multi-target, sustainable botanical alternatives is required due to the increasing resistance of phytopathogens to synthetic fungicides. The antifungal effectiveness of\n                      <jats:italic>Cucurbita pepo<\/jats:italic>\n                      L. seed oil (PSO) against a panel of six economically significant phytopathogens is assessed in this study.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The PSO was characterized by quantitative GC-MS profiling as a complex matrix dominated by oleic acid (36.52%) and linoleic acid (43.18%), along with diverse bioactive markers such as oxygenated terpenoids and phytosterols. High broad-spectrum activity was shown in vitro, with 100% inhibition of Botrytis fabae and 88.9% inhibition of Fusarium oxysporum at 10\u00a0mg\u00b7mL\u207b\u00b9. Quantitative HPLC analysis confirmed that PSO acts as a sterol-disrupting agent, causing near-complete loss of membrane ergosterol in\n                      <jats:italic>B. fabae<\/jats:italic>\n                      (100% loss) and\n                      <jats:italic>F. oxysporum<\/jats:italic>\n                      (95.2% loss). Furthermore, network pharmacology and molecular docking suggest that the bioactive matrix exerts its effects by destabilizing the fungal cell envelope, with computational models predicting putative interactions with lanosterol 14-alpha-demethylase (CYP51A) and \u03b2-1,3-glucan synthase (FKS1).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The results position the PSO bioactive matrix as a potent in vitro antifungal agent that targets pathogens directly through membrane destabilization and putative multi-site enzymatic interference. However, detached leaf assays indicate that its future practical application will require formulation strategies, such as nano-emulsions, to mitigate the mild phytotoxicity associated with direct foliar application of the crude oil at fungicidal doses.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12866-026-04942-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,30]],"date-time":"2026-03-30T12:27:07Z","timestamp":1774873627000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Antifungal efficacy of linoleic-acid-rich Cucurbita pepo L. seed oil revealed by GC-MS profiling of lipids and bioactive markers, ergosterol depletion, and network pharmacology"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Eslam T.","family":"Mohamed","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"4942_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1094\/MPMI-09-24-0105-FI","volume":"38","author":"Zulak kg","year":"2025","unstructured":"Zulak kg. Molecular monitoring of fungicide resistance in crop phytopathogens. Mol Plant-Microbe Interact. 2025;38:160\u201372.","journal-title":"Mol Plant-Microbe Interact"},{"key":"4942_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.21608\/ejdr.2024.261116.1163","volume":"74","author":"Abdel-aziz sm","year":"2024","unstructured":"Abdel-aziz sm. Triple control against Fusarium wilt disease of faba bean and its impact on productivity. Egypt J Desert Res. 2024;74:59\u201387.","journal-title":"Egypt J Desert Res"},{"key":"4942_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mora-baez g, Torres-rueda l, Morgado-gonzalez a, Nava-d\u00edaz c, Soto-hern\u00e1ndez rm, Carrillo-l\u00f3pez lm. Antifungal activity on Botrytis fabae and response of agronomic variables of plant extracts in faba beans. Microbiol Res (Pavia). 2024;15:2687\u2013702.","DOI":"10.3390\/microbiolres15040178"},{"key":"4942_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.21608\/ejcp.2025.376578.1035","volume":"20","author":"Rhouma a","year":"2025","unstructured":"Rhouma a. Optimizing safe and sustainable approaches to manage fungal plant diseases. Egypt J Crop Prot. 2025;20:1\u201321.","journal-title":"Egypt J Crop Prot"},{"key":"4942_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Leiva-mora. m, Bustillos d, Arteaga c, Hidalgo k, Guevara-freire d, L\u00f3pez-hern\u00e1ndez o, Saa lr, Padilla ps, Bustillos a. Antifungal mechanisms of plant essential oils: a comprehensive literature review for biofungicide development. Agriculture. 2025;15:2303.","DOI":"10.3390\/agriculture15212303"},{"key":"4942_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ayyildiz hf. Topkafa m, Kara h. Pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo L.) seed oil. Fruit Oils: Chemistry and Functionality. Springer; 2019. pp. 765\u201388.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-12473-1_41"},{"key":"4942_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"\u0160amec d, Loizzo mr, Gortzi o, \u00c7ankaya it, Tundis r, Suntar it, Shirooie s, Zengin g, Devkota hp, Reboredo-rodr\u00edguez p, Hassan sts, Manayi a, Kashani hrk, Nabavi sm. The potential of pumpkin seed oil as a functional food\u2014a comprehensive review of chemical composition, health benefits, and safety. Compr Rev food Sci food Saf. 2022;21:4422\u201346.","DOI":"10.1111\/1541-4337.13013"},{"key":"4942_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2395","DOI":"10.3390\/plants13172395","volume":"13","author":"n Polyzos","year":"2024","unstructured":"Polyzos n. Fernandes \u00e2, Calhelha rc, Petrovi\u0107 j, Sokovi\u0107 m, Ferreira icfr, Barros l, Petropoulos sa. Biochemical composition of pumpkin seeds and seed by-products. Plants. 2024;13:2395.","journal-title":"Plants"},{"key":"4942_CR9","first-page":"99","volume":"6","author":"Zahraoui em","year":"2025","unstructured":"Zahraoui em. Essential oils: antifungal activity and study methods. Moroccan J Agric Sci. 2025;6:99\u2013108.","journal-title":"Moroccan J Agric Sci"},{"key":"4942_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1007\/s11046-025-01009-6","volume":"190","author":"y Song","year":"2025","unstructured":"Song y. Chaturvedi v. Brief primer on the discovery of new antifungal drugs from plant sources. Mycopathologia. 2025;190:102.","journal-title":"Mycopathologia"},{"key":"4942_CR11","first-page":"1","volume":"1","author":"Faghih-imani m-h","year":"2020","unstructured":"Faghih-imani m-h. Taheri p, Tarighi s. Antifungal and virulence-modulating effects of thyme essential oil against Fusarium spp., causing wheat diseases. Appl Microbiol Theory Technol. 2020;1:1\u201317.","journal-title":"Appl Microbiol Theory Technol"},{"key":"4942_CR12","first-page":"449","volume-title":"Khalil s, Kalyandurg pb, Pareek n, Vetukuri rr. A detached leaf assay for rapidly screening plant pathogen-biological control agents","author":"gpf Macan","year":"2022","unstructured":"Macan gpf. Khalil s, Kalyandurg pb, Pareek n, Vetukuri rr. A detached leaf assay for rapidly screening plant pathogen-biological control agents. Plant Pathology: Method and Protocols. Springer; 2022. pp. 449\u201358."},{"key":"4942_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1085","DOI":"10.1007\/s00203-019-01673-5","volume":"201","author":"a Perczak","year":"2019","unstructured":"Perczak a. Gwiazdowska d, Marchwi\u0144ska k, Ju\u015b k, Gwiazdowski r, Wa\u015bkiewicz a. Antifungal activity of selected essential oils against Fusarium culmorum and F. graminearum and their secondary metabolites in wheat seeds. Arch Microbiol. 2019;201:1085\u201397.","journal-title":"Arch Microbiol"},{"key":"4942_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.4103\/0974-8490.199771","volume":"9","author":"p Rachitha","year":"2017","unstructured":"Rachitha p. Krupashree k, Jayashree gv, Gopalan n, Khanum f. Growth inhibition and morphological alteration of Fusarium sporotrichioides by Mentha piperita essential oil. Pharmacognosy Res. 2017;9:74.","journal-title":"Pharmacognosy Res"},{"key":"4942_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"000490","DOI":"10.1099\/acmi.0.000490.v4","volume":"5","author":"Wilkes ti","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wilkes ti. Ergosterol extraction: a comparison of methodologies. Access Microbiol. 2023;5:000490\u2013v4.","journal-title":"Access Microbiol"},{"key":"4942_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"fnx224","DOI":"10.1093\/femsle\/fnx224","volume":"364","author":"fm Vella","year":"2017","unstructured":"Vella fm. Laratta b. UV-based evaluation of ergosterol for monitoring the fungal exposure in Italian buffalo farms. FEMS Microbiol Lett. 2017;364:fnx224.","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol Lett"},{"key":"4942_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3337","DOI":"10.1039\/D0AY00714E","volume":"12","author":"z Qian","year":"2020","unstructured":"Qian z, Li Wz. Hu h, Li w. A green liquid chromatography method for rapid determination of ergosterol in edible fungi based on matrix solid-phase dispersion extraction and a core\u2013shell column. Anal Methods. 2020;12:3337\u201343.","journal-title":"Anal Methods"},{"key":"4942_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.3390\/foods10020438","volume":"10","author":"m \u00c1lvarez","year":"2021","unstructured":"\u00c1lvarez m. Rodr\u00edguez a, Berm\u00fadez e, Roncero e, Andrade mj. Development of a methodology for estimating the ergosterol in meat product-borne toxigenic moulds to evaluate antifungal agents. Foods. 2021;10:438.","journal-title":"Foods"},{"key":"4942_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Salazar alekseyeva. k, M\u00e4hnert b, Berthiller f, Breyer e, Herndl gj, Baltar f. Adapting an ergosterol extraction method with marine yeasts for the quantification of oceanic fungal biomass. J Fungi. 2021;7:690.","DOI":"10.3390\/jof7090690"},{"key":"4942_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Adamczyk s. Lehtonen a, M\u00e4kip\u00e4\u00e4 r, Adamczyk b. A step forward in fungal biomass estimation\u2013a new protocol for more precise measurements of soil ergosterol with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and comparison of extraction methods. New Phytol. 2024;241.","DOI":"10.1111\/nph.19450"},{"key":"4942_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1627","DOI":"10.1007\/s12161-023-02527-z","volume":"16","author":"nb Rizvi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Rizvi nb. Fatima a, Busquets r, Khan mr, Ashraf s, Khan ms, Oz f. Effect of the media in the Folin-Ciocalteu assay for the analysis of the total phenolic content of olive products. Food Anal Methods. 2023;16:1627\u201334.","journal-title":"Food Anal Methods"},{"key":"4942_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5161","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules29215161","volume":"29","author":"s Sultana","year":"2024","unstructured":"Sultana s. Hossain ml, Sostaric t, Lim ly, Foster kj, Locher c. Investigating flavonoids by HPTLC analysis using aluminium chloride as derivatization reagent. Molecules. 2024;29:5161.","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"4942_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1687392","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2025.1687392","volume":"16","author":"ak Mundhe","year":"2025","unstructured":"Mundhe ak. Rajkumari r. Dual inhibition of ERG11 and CDR2 in drug-resistant Candida albicans by Indian phytochemicals: a combined in silico\u2013in vitro approach. Front Pharmacol. 2025;16:1687392.","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"key":"4942_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1007\/s13721-024-00464-3","volume":"13","author":"ff Hassan","year":"2024","unstructured":"Hassan ff. Mushrif mh, Suleiman aa. Investigating novel antifungal strategies through molecular docking & dynamics simulations of oxidative stress response in Candida albicans. Netw Model Anal Heal Inf Bioinforma. 2024;13:31.","journal-title":"Netw Model Anal Heal Inf Bioinforma"},{"key":"4942_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5341","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jmedchem.0c00102","volume":"63","author":"g Han","year":"2020","unstructured":"Han g, Liu n, Li c, Tu j. Li z, Sheng c. Discovery of novel fungal lanosterol 14\u03b1-demethylase (CYP51)\/histone deacetylase dual inhibitors to treat azole-resistant candidiasis. J Med Chem. 2020;63:5341\u201359.","journal-title":"J Med Chem"},{"key":"4942_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1409085","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2024.1409085","volume":"15","author":"s Tanwar","year":"2024","unstructured":"Tanwar s. Kalra s, Bari vk. Insights into the role of sterol metabolism in antifungal drug resistance: a mini-review. Front Microbiol. 2024;15:1409085.","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"key":"4942_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.3390\/jof10100705","volume":"10","author":"ao Onele","year":"2024","unstructured":"Onele ao. Swid ma, Leksin iy, Rakhmatullina df, Galeeva ei, Beckett rp, Minibayeva fv, Valitova jn. Role of squalene epoxidase gene (SQE1) in the response of the lichen Lobaria pulmonaria to temperature stress. J Fungi. 2024;10:705.","journal-title":"J Fungi"},{"key":"4942_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jospe-kaufman m, Ben-zeev e, Mottola a, Dukhovny a, Berman j, Carmeli s, Fridman m. Reshaping echinocandin antifungal drugs to circumvent glucan synthase point-mutation\u2010mediated resistance. Angew Chemie Int Ed. 2024;63:e202314728.","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202314728"},{"key":"4942_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"796","DOI":"10.3390\/jof11110796","volume":"11","author":"l Brain","year":"2025","unstructured":"Brain l. Bleackley m, Doblin ms, Anderson m. Fungal chitin synthases: structure, function, and regulation. J Fungi. 2025;11:796.","journal-title":"J Fungi"},{"key":"4942_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"136143","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2024.136143","volume":"280","author":"h Wu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wu h. Cen y, Lu y, Dan p, Li y, Dan x, Li a. Role of chitin synthases CHS1 and CHS2 in biosynthesis of the cyst wall of Cryptocaryon irritans. Int J Biol Macromol. 2024;280:136143.","journal-title":"Int J Biol Macromol"},{"key":"4942_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8366","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27238366","volume":"27","author":"mg Leichtweis","year":"2022","unstructured":"Leichtweis mg. Molina ak, Pires tcs, Dias mi, Calhelha r, Bachari k, Ziani bec, Oliveira mbpp, Pereira c, Barros l. Biological activity of pumpkin byproducts: antimicrobial and antioxidant properties. Molecules. 2022;27:8366.","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"4942_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/fpf2.70006","author":"cwt Fukuyama","year":"2025","unstructured":"Fukuyama cwt. Brex\u00f3 rp, Duarte lgr, Martins mem, Astolfo mea, Osti ygp, Ferreira md, Bogusz s. Impact of essential oils composition and exposure methods on fungal growth and morphology: insights for postharvest management. Futur Postharvest Food. 2025. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/fpf2.70006.","journal-title":"Futur Postharvest Food"},{"key":"4942_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1514170","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2025.1514170","volume":"16","author":"h Xiao","year":"2025","unstructured":"Xiao h. Zhang y, Li q. 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzaldehyde (HMB) disrupts ergosterol biosynthesis, redox metabolism, and DON biosynthesis of Fusarium graminearum revealed by transcriptome analysis. Front Microbiol. 2025;16:1514170.","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"key":"4942_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07391102.2019.1614998","author":"th Siqueira","year":"2020","unstructured":"Siqueira th. Martinez l. Molecular simulations of fluconazole-mediated inhibition of sterol biosynthesis. J Biomol Struct Dyn. 2020. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/07391102.2019.1614998.","journal-title":"J Biomol Struct Dyn"},{"key":"4942_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34890","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-18681-9","volume":"15","author":"h Yehia","year":"2025","unstructured":"Yehia h. Ibrahim ma, Donia sa, Hassanein nm, Ibrahim e. Antimicrobial activity, ergosterol content and phytochemical screening of Rorippa islandica (Oeder ex Murr.) and Carrichtera annua (L). Sci Rep. 2025;15:34890.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"4942_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins15110651","volume":"15","author":"pa Uwineza","year":"2023","unstructured":"Uwineza pa. Urbaniak m, St\u0119pie\u0144 \u0142, Gramza-micha\u0142owska a, Wa\u015bkiewicz a. Lamium album flower extracts: a novel approach for controlling Fusarium growth and mycotoxin biosynthesis. Toxins (Basel). 2023;15:651.","journal-title":"Toxins (Basel)"},{"key":"4942_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"862","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms13040862","volume":"13","author":"l Song","year":"2025","unstructured":"Song l, Wang s. Zou h, Yi x, Jia s, Li r, Song j. Regulation of ergosterol biosynthesis in pathogenic fungi: opportunities for therapeutic development. Microorganisms. 2025;13:862.","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"key":"4942_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1186\/s12870-024-05135-z","volume":"24","author":"kh Mustafa","year":"2024","unstructured":"Mustafa kh. Khorshidi j, Vafaee y, Rastegar a, Morshedloo mr, Hossaini s. Phytochemical profile and antifungal activity of essential oils obtained from different Mentha longifolia L. accessions growing wild in Iran and Iraq. BMC Plant Biol. 2024;24:461.","journal-title":"BMC Plant Biol"},{"key":"4942_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5738","DOI":"10.3390\/app11125738","volume":"11","author":"sa Petropoulos","year":"2021","unstructured":"Petropoulos sa. Fernandes \u00e2, Calhelha rc, Rouphael y, Petrovi\u0107 j, Sokovi\u0107 m, Ferreira icfr, Barros l. Antimicrobial properties, cytotoxic effects, and fatty acids composition of vegetable oils from purslane, linseed, luffa, and pumpkin seeds. Appl Sci. 2021;11:5738.","journal-title":"Appl Sci"},{"key":"4942_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins14030188","volume":"14","author":"a Guimar\u00e3es","year":"2022","unstructured":"Guimar\u00e3es a. Ven\u00e2ncio a. The potential of fatty acids and their derivatives as antifungal agents: a review. Toxins (Basel). 2022;14:188.","journal-title":"Toxins (Basel)"},{"key":"4942_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nie w, Wang y, Tian L. j, Jin z, Xu j, He m, Shen q, Guo h, Luan t. Cucurbitacin B and its derivatives: a review of progress in biological activities. Molecules. 2024;29:4193.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules29174193"},{"key":"4942_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e01166","DOI":"10.1128\/mbio.01166-24","volume":"15","author":"C Gutierrez-perez","year":"2024","unstructured":"Gutierrez-perez C, Puerner C, Jones JT, Vellanki S, Vesely EM, Xatse MA, Viera AFC, Olsen CP, Attiku KO, Cardinale S, Kwasny SM, G-dayanandan N, Opperman TJ, Cramer RA. Unsaturated fatty acid perturbation combats emerging triazole antifungal resistance in the human fungal pathogen Aspergillus fumigatus. MBio. 2024;15:e01166\u201324.","journal-title":"MBio"},{"key":"4942_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1109028","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2023.1109028","volume":"14","author":"d Wang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wang d, Wang Wg. Zhai h, Xue x. Inhibitory effect and underlying mechanism of cinnamon and clove essential oils on Botryosphaeria dothidea and Colletotrichum gloeosporioides causing rots in postharvest bagging-free apple fruits. Front Microbiol. 2023;14:1109028.","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"key":"4942_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6312","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-50609-1","volume":"15","author":"h Elsaman","year":"2024","unstructured":"Elsaman h. Golubtsov e, Brazil s, Ng n, Klugherz i, Martin r, Dichtl k, M\u00fcller c, Wagener j. Toxic eburicol accumulation drives the antifungal activity of azoles against Aspergillus fumigatus. Nat Commun. 2024;15:6312.","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"4942_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"953479","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2022.953479","volume":"13","author":"Ribeiro ra","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ribeiro ra. Bourbon-melo n, S\u00e1-correia i. The cell wall and the response and tolerance to stresses of biotechnological relevance in yeasts. Front Microbiol. 2022;13:953479.","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"key":"4942_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Delgado-tiburcio ee, Cadena-i\u00f1iguez j, Santiago-osorio e, Ruiz-posadas ldm, Castillo-ju\u00e1rez i, Agui\u00f1iga-s\u00e1nchez i, Soto-hern\u00e1ndez m. Pharmacokinetics and biological activity of cucurbitacins. Pharmaceuticals. 2022;15:1325.","DOI":"10.3390\/ph15111325"},{"key":"4942_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104569","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbc.2023.104569","volume":"299","author":"k Tatebayashi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Tatebayashi k. Saito h. Two activating phosphorylation sites of Pbs2 MAP2K in the yeast HOG pathway are differentially dephosphorylated by four PP2C phosphatases Ptc1\u2013Ptc4. J Biol Chem. 2023;299:104569.","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"4942_CR48","unstructured":"Soni r. Bali m. Evaluation of antioxidant, antimicrobial, and antifungal potential of Cucurbita pepo var. fastigata seed extracts. Asian J Pharm Clin Res. 2019;12."},{"key":"4942_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0167485","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0167485","volume":"11","author":"jda Tyndall","year":"2016","unstructured":"Tyndall jda. Sabherwal m, Sagatova aa, Keniya mv, Negroni j, Wilson rk, Woods ma, Tietjen k, Monk bc. Structural and functional elucidation of yeast lanosterol 14\u03b1-demethylase in complex with agrochemical antifungals. PLoS ONE. 2016;11:e0167485.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"4942_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2019.00691","volume":"10","author":"j Zhang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zhang j, Li l. Wang y, Jiang y. The fungal CYP51s: their functions, structures, related drug resistance, and inhibitors. Front Microbiol. 2019;10:691.","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"key":"4942_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2873","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines11112873","volume":"11","author":"tv Tsybruk","year":"2023","unstructured":"Tsybruk tv. Kaluzhskiy la, Mezentsev yv, Makarieva tn, Tabakmaher km, Ivanchina nv, Dmitrenok ps, Baranovsky av, Gilep aa, Ivanov as. Molecular cloning, heterologous expression, purification, and evaluation of protein\u2013ligand interactions of CYP51 of Candida krusei azole-resistant fungal strain. Biomedicines. 2023;11:2873.","journal-title":"Biomedicines"},{"key":"4942_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1115","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.125645.3","volume":"11","author":"t Siswina","year":"2023","unstructured":"Siswina t. Rustama mm, Sumiarsa d, Kurnia d. Phytochemical profiling of Piper crocatum and its antifungal mechanism action as lanosterol 14 alpha demethylase CYP51 inhibitor: a review. F1000Research. 2023;11:1115.","journal-title":"F1000Research"}],"container-title":["BMC Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12866-026-04942-8","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12866-026-04942-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12866-026-04942-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T21:11:00Z","timestamp":1781644260000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1186\/s12866-026-04942-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,30]]},"references-count":52,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["4942"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12866-026-04942-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2180"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2180","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,30]]},"assertion":[{"value":"27 November 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"9 March 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"30 March 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"325"}}