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Dairy farm milkers can harbor resistant bacteria, potentially contributing to raw milk contamination and posing a risk to the wider community. This study aimed to assess the occurrence of fecal carriage and associated factors of carbapenemase-producing (CP)\n                      <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n                      (\n                      <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                      ) and\n                      <jats:italic>Klebsiella<\/jats:italic>\n                      spp among dairy farm milkers in the Tigray region, Northern Ethiopia.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A cross-sectional study was conducted from December 2024 to May 2025 among 178 dairy farm milkers. Stool samples were collected and analyzed for isolation and identification of\n                      <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>Klebsiella<\/jats:italic>\n                      spp. using standard bacteriological methods. Antimicrobial susceptibility was determined using the Kirby\u2013Bauer disk diffusion method. Carbapenemase production was confirmed phenotypically. Data on socio-demographics, hygiene practices, and food consumption were collected using a structured questionnaire. Firth\u2019s penalized logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with fecal carriage of CP\n                      <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>Klebsiella<\/jats:italic>\n                      spp.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>Klebsiella<\/jats:italic>\n                      spp were isolated from 121(68.0%) and 17(9.5%) of study participants. Carbapenemase-producing isolates were detected in 6 (3.4%) of the dairy farm milkers, all of which exhibited multidrug resistance. Multivariable analysis identified recent diarrhea (AOR\u2009=\u200923.02; 95% CI: 3.15\u2013168.24) and raw milk consumption (AOR\u2009=\u20096.35; 95% CI: 1.07\u201337.46) as independent factors significantly associated with fecal carriage of CP\n                      <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>Klebsiella<\/jats:italic>\n                      spp.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Fecal carriage of CP\n                      <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>Klebsiella<\/jats:italic>\n                      spp. was observed among dairy farm milkers. These findings highlight the potential food safety and public health relevance of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria carriage in dairy farm workers and support the inclusion of milkers in One Health-oriented AMR surveillance and hygiene-focused interventions along the dairy value chain.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12866-026-04943-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,13]],"date-time":"2026-03-13T07:14:19Z","timestamp":1773386059000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Fecal carriage of carbapenemase-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella spp. and associated factors among dairy farm milkers in Tigray Region, Northern Ethiopia"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Goyitom Gebremedhn","family":"Gebru","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saravanan","family":"Muthupandian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Enquebaher","family":"Kassaye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,13]]},"reference":[{"issue":"7","key":"4943_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1592","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms13071592","volume":"13","author":"A Elbehiry","year":"2025","unstructured":"Elbehiry A, Marzouk E, Abalkhail A, Edrees HM, Ellethy AT, Almuzaini AM, et al. 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