{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T22:00:17Z","timestamp":1781647217573,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,11]],"date-time":"2026-04-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775865600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,22]],"date-time":"2026-05-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779408000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":41,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Microbiol"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    To investigate the effects of different land\u2011use practices on the soil ecosystem in the Huaihe River source region, this study selected forestland, farmland, and nursery land in Tongbai County, Henan Province, as research objects. A combination of high\u2011throughput sequencing and soil physicochemical analysis was employed to systematically compare the soil microbial community structure, diversity, and their relationships with key environmental factors among the three land\u2011use types. The results showed significant differences in soil physicochemical properties: farmland had the highest contents of available phosphorus (AP) and available potassium (AK), forestland had significantly higher AP content than nursery land (\n                    <jats:italic>P\u2009&lt;<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u20090.05), while nursery land exhibited significantly higher soil water content (SWC) and bulk density (SBD) than the other two land\u2011use types (\n                    <jats:italic>P\u2009&lt;<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u20090.05). Microbial diversity analysis revealed that the bacterial Simpson index and the fungal Shannon and Simpson indices were relatively higher in farmland soil (\n                    <jats:italic>P\u2009&lt;<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u20090.05). Redundancy analysis indicated that soil organic matter (SOM) was the key environmental factor driving changes in both bacterial and fungal community structures. In terms of community composition, Acidobacteriota and Ascomycota were the dominant phyla for bacteria and fungi, respectively. Functional prediction analysis further revealed that the biosynthesis pathway was the most prominent metabolic function in both microbial communities. In summary, land\u2011use practices significantly altered the soil physicochemical properties and microbial communities in the Huaihe River source region. Moderate agricultural use maintained relatively high microbial diversity, and its community structure was mainly regulated by soil organic matter. This study provides a scientific basis for understanding soil ecological processes and the sustainable management of land resources in this region.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12866-026-05035-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,11]],"date-time":"2026-04-11T06:06:10Z","timestamp":1775887570000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Effects of different land use types on soil microorganisms and physicochemical properties in the Huaihe River source region"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Xiaolong","family":"Hao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongen","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tong","family":"Niu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhen","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanmei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaodong","family":"Geng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qifei","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yongyu","family":"Ren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fangming","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhi","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Dai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"5035_CR1","volume-title":"Dictionary of Soil Science","author":"J Zhou","year":"2013","unstructured":"Zhou J. Dictionary of Soil Science. Beijing: Science Press; 2013."},{"issue":"01","key":"5035_CR2","first-page":"207","volume":"56","author":"C Deng","year":"2019","unstructured":"Deng C, Li L, Xie J, Peng Z, Wang J, Xie J, et al. Effects of Tillage on Soil Bacterial Community in the Dryland Farming Area of Central Gansu. Acta Pedol Sin. 2019;56(01):207\u201316.","journal-title":"Acta Pedol Sin"},{"issue":"09","key":"5035_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4273","DOI":"10.13227\/j.hjkx.202003088","volume":"41","author":"T Zhang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhang T, Xu F, Huai B, Yang X, Sui W. Effects of land use changes on soil bacterial community diversity in the riparian wetland along the downstream of Songhua River. Environ Sci. 2020;41(09):4273\u201383. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.13227\/j.hjkx.202003088.","journal-title":"Environ Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"5035_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e70035","DOI":"10.1111\/sum.70035","volume":"41","author":"AA Kassie","year":"2025","unstructured":"Kassie AA, Fetene EM, Tilahun ZA. Effect of land use types on selected soil properties in the Asabla watershed, northern highlands of Ethiopia. Soil Use Manage. 2025;41(1):e70035. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/sum.70035.","journal-title":"Soil Use Manage"},{"issue":"18","key":"5035_CR5","first-page":"6710","volume":"39","author":"L Ji","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ji L, Yang Y, Wang J, Yang L. Relationship between soil phenolic acids and the soil microbial community under different land uses. Acta Ecol Sin. 2019;39(18):6710\u201320.","journal-title":"Acta Ecol Sin"},{"issue":"13","key":"5035_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2173","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms13092173","volume":"9","author":"L Dai","year":"2025","unstructured":"Dai L, Hao X, Niu T, Liu Z, Wang Y, Geng X, et al. Analysis of Microbial Community Structure and Diversity in Different Soil Use Types in the Luo River Basin. Microorganisms. 2025;9(13):2173. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/microorganisms13092173.","journal-title":"Microorganisms."},{"issue":"02","key":"5035_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.15983\/j.cnki.jsnu.2023123","volume":"51","author":"Z Li","year":"2023","unstructured":"Li Z, Guo J, Wang H. Differences in soil physical and chemical properties and soil quality under different land use types in the Yimeng mountainous region. J Shaanxi Normal Univ (Nat Sci Ed). 2023;51(02):108\u201320. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15983\/j.cnki.jsnu.2023123.","journal-title":"J Shaanxi Normal Univ (Nat Sci Ed)"},{"key":"5035_CR8","volume-title":"Effects of land use types on soil aggergation and microbial community in northern agro-pastoral ecotone","author":"S Tang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Tang S. Effects of land use types on soil aggergation and microbial community in northern agro-pastoral ecotone. Beijing: China Agricultural University; 2018."},{"issue":"04","key":"5035_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.13872\/j.1000-0275.2018.0035","volume":"39","author":"S Nie","year":"2018","unstructured":"Nie S, Zhao L, Wang Y, Lei X, Wang F, Xing S. Effects of long-term fertilizations on microbial community structure and diversity in yellow clayey paddy soil. Res Agric Mod. 2018;39(04):689\u201399. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.13872\/j.1000-0275.2018.0035.","journal-title":"Res Agric Mod"},{"issue":"4","key":"5035_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"746","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms12040746","volume":"12","author":"T Zhang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhang T, Wang S, Rana S, Wang Y, Liu Z, Cai Q, et al. Analysis of leaf and soil nutrients, microorganisms and metabolome in the growth period of Idesia polycarpa Maxim. Microorganisms. 2024;12(4):746. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/microorganisms12040746.","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"issue":"1","key":"5035_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecohyd.2023.11.006","volume":"25","author":"SH Sadeghi","year":"2025","unstructured":"Sadeghi SH, Jafarpoor A, Homaee M, Gharemahmudli S. Controllability of soil loss and runoff using soil microorganisms: a review. Ecohydrol Hydrobiol. 2025;25(1):23\u201333. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ecohyd.2023.11.006.","journal-title":"Ecohydrol Hydrobiol"},{"issue":"6783","key":"5035_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1038\/35012234","volume":"405","author":"KS McCann","year":"2000","unstructured":"McCann KS. The diversity-stability debate. Nature. 2000;405(6783):228\u201333. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/35012234.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"04","key":"5035_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"959","DOI":"10.13671\/j.hjkxxb.2013.04.001","volume":"33","author":"J Li","year":"2013","unstructured":"Li J, Liu Y, He J, Zheng Y. Insights into the responses of soil microbial community to the environmental disturbances. Acta Sci Circumstantiae. 2013;33(04):959\u201367. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.13671\/j.hjkxxb.2013.04.001.","journal-title":"Acta Sci Circumstantiae"},{"key":"5035_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsoil.2019.07.009","volume":"144","author":"Q Huang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Huang Q, Wang J, Wang C, Wang Q. The 19-years inorganic fertilization increased bacterial diversity and altered bacterial community composition and potential functions in a paddy soil. Appl Soil Ecol. 2019;144:60\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.apsoil.2019.07.009.","journal-title":"Appl Soil Ecol"},{"issue":"3","key":"5035_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foreco.2009.11.014","volume":"259","author":"M Aubert","year":"2010","unstructured":"Aubert M, Margerie P, Trap J, Bureau F. Aboveground\u2013belowground relationships in temperate forests: plant litter composes and microbiota orchestrates. For Ecol Manage. 2010;259(3):563\u201372. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.foreco.2009.11.014.","journal-title":"For Ecol Manage"},{"key":"5035_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Chen J, Wu Q, Li S, Ge J, Liang C, Qin H, et al. Diversity and function of soil bacterial communities in response to long-term intensive management in a subtropical bamboo forest. Geoderma. 2019;354. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.geoderma.2019.113894.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.geoderma.2019.113894"},{"key":"5035_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19355","DOI":"10.1038\/srep19355","volume":"6","author":"JK Ladha","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ladha JK, Tirol-Padre A, Reddy CK, Cassman KG, Verma S, Powlson DS, et al. Global nitrogen budgets in cereals: a 50-year assessment for maize, rice, and wheat production systems. Sci Rep. 2016;6:19355. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/srep19355.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"5035_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Wang S, Rana S, Zhang T, Wang Y, Liu Z, Cai Q, et al. Influence of varied phosphorus fertilizer ratios on the rhizosphere soil microbial community in idesia polycarpa seedlings. Forests. 2024;15(10). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/f15101686.","DOI":"10.3390\/f15101686"},{"issue":"1","key":"5035_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4841","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-12798-y","volume":"10","author":"C Wagg","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wagg C, Schlaeppi K, Banerjee S, Kuramae EE, van der Heijden MGA. Fungal-bacterial diversity and microbiome complexity predict ecosystem functioning. Nat Commun. 2019;10(1):4841. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-019-12798-y.","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"5035_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1360\/biodiv.060293","volume":"02","author":"F Shenglei","year":"2007","unstructured":"Shenglei F. A review and perspective on soil biodiversity research. Biodivers Sci. 2007;02:109\u201315.","journal-title":"Biodivers Sci"},{"issue":"11","key":"5035_CR21","first-page":"1900","volume":"41","author":"J Wang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wang J, Tian Q, Wang L, He H, Song D, Yan P. Study on vegetation succession and soil enzyme activities of abandoned land in different years in Qingtu Lake. Acta Bot Boreali-Occident Sin. 2021;41(11):1900\u201311.","journal-title":"Acta Bot Boreali-Occident Sin"},{"issue":"23","key":"5035_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9758","DOI":"10.20103\/j.stxb.202211063176","volume":"43","author":"K Ran","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ran K, Wang Z, Li P. Response difference of bacterial and fungal structure and diversity in rhizosphere soil of typical urban tree along urban\u2012rural environmental gradient. Acta Ecol Sin. 2023;43(23):9758\u201369. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.20103\/j.stxb.202211063176.","journal-title":"Acta Ecol Sin"},{"issue":"18","key":"5035_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5306","DOI":"10.1002\/ldr.4110","volume":"32","author":"JJ Cao","year":"2021","unstructured":"Cao JJ, Wang HR, Holden NM, Adamowski JF, Biswas A, Zhang XF, et al. Soil properties and microbiome of annual and perennial cultivated grasslands on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. Land Degrad Dev. 2021;32(18):5306\u201321. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ldr.4110.","journal-title":"Land Degrad Dev"},{"issue":"3","key":"5035_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"250313","DOI":"10.1007\/s42832-025-0313-3","volume":"7","author":"M Du","year":"2025","unstructured":"Du M, Xue P, Minasny B, McBratney A, Tang Y. Patterns, processes, and predictions: soil bacteria unique habitats along a megametre transect in Eastern Australia. Soil Ecol Lett. 2025;7(3):250313. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s42832-025-0313-3.","journal-title":"Soil Ecol Lett"},{"key":"5035_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Peng W, Song T, Du H, Chen H, Zeng F, Liu Y, et al. Inconsistent diversity patterns of soil fungi and woody plants among habitat types in a karst broadleaf forest. Forest Ecol Manag. 2020;474. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.foreco.2020.118367.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foreco.2020.118367"},{"issue":"2","key":"5035_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1590\/s0103-90162013000200001","volume":"70","author":"GGM Fracetto","year":"2013","unstructured":"Fracetto GGM, Azevedo LCB, Fracetto FJC, Andreote FD, Lambais MR, Pfenning LH. Impact of Amazon land use on the community of soil fungi. Sci Agric. 2013;70(2):59\u201367. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1590\/s0103-90162013000200001.","journal-title":"Sci Agric"},{"key":"5035_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111076","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2021.111076","volume":"197","author":"C Liu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Liu C, Wang S, Yan J, Huang Q, Li R, Shen B, et al. Soil fungal community affected by regional climate played an important role in the decomposition of organic compost. Environ Res. 2021;197:111076. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envres.2021.111076.","journal-title":"Environ Res"},{"issue":"7","key":"5035_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1007\/s10661-021-09136-5","volume":"193","author":"K Sun","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sun K, Fu L, Song Y, Yuan L, Zhang H, Wen D, et al. Effects of continuous cucumber cropping on crop quality and soil fungal community. Environ Monit Assess. 2021;193(7):436. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10661-021-09136-5.","journal-title":"Environ Monit Assess"},{"key":"5035_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.04.259","volume":"676","author":"K Wang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wang K, Zhang Y, Tang Z, Shangguan Z, Chang F, Jia F, et al. Effects of grassland afforestation on structure and function of soil bacterial and fungal communities. Sci Total Environ. 2019;676:396\u2013406. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.04.259.","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"issue":"01","key":"5035_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.13324\/j.cnki.jfcf.2022.01.009","volume":"42","author":"J Mao","year":"2022","unstructured":"Mao J, Li R, Jing Y, Ning D, Li Y, Chen H. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi associated with walnut trees and their effect on seedling growth. J For Environ. 2022;42(01):71\u201380. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.13324\/j.cnki.jfcf.2022.01.009.","journal-title":"J For Environ"},{"issue":"10","key":"5035_CR31","first-page":"4150","volume":"42","author":"L Liu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Liu L, Zhou G, Dang P, Chen J, Shang H, Qiu L, et al. Differences of soil fungal community structure under three afforestation modes in rocky desertification region of Western Hunan Province. Acta Ecol Sin. 2022;42(10):4150\u20139.","journal-title":"Acta Ecol Sin"},{"issue":"02","key":"5035_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.13324\/j.cnki.jfcf.2024.02.005","volume":"44","author":"H Feng","year":"2024","unstructured":"Feng H, Wu B, Wu G, Tan W, Ye F, Zheng Q. Characteristics and functions of soil microbial communities under different vegetation types in karst areas. J For Environ. 2024;44(02):148\u201356. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.13324\/j.cnki.jfcf.2024.02.005.","journal-title":"J For Environ"},{"key":"5035_CR33","volume-title":"Soil Agricultural Chemical Analysis","author":"S Bao","year":"2000","unstructured":"Bao S. Soil Agricultural Chemical Analysis. Beijing, China: China Agricultural Press; 2000."},{"issue":"10","key":"5035_CR34","first-page":"2323","volume":"29","author":"M Zhu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhu M, Xu D, Chen G, Li P, Cheng Q, Chen C. Assessment on soil quality under different land use patterns in Karst area based on minimum data set. Acta Agrestia Sin. 2021;29(10):2323\u201331.","journal-title":"Acta Agrestia Sin"},{"issue":"05","key":"5035_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1133","DOI":"10.16213\/j.cnki.scjas.2019.5.030","volume":"32","author":"Y Tan","year":"2019","unstructured":"Tan Y, Yang F, Chen C, Mo B, Hao J, Zhou L. Effects of different land use types on soil quality in Karst mountainous area. Southwest China J Agricultural Sci. 2019;32(05):1133\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.16213\/j.cnki.scjas.2019.5.030.","journal-title":"Southwest China J Agricultural Sci"},{"issue":"6","key":"5035_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.5194\/soil-6-523-2020","volume":"2","author":"JK Nyameasem","year":"2020","unstructured":"Nyameasem JK, Reinsch T, Taube F, Domozoro CYF, Marfo-Ahenkora E, Emadodin I, et al. Nitrogen availability determines the long-term impact of land use change on soil carbon stocks in grasslands of southern Ghana. Soil. 2020;2(6):523\u201339. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5194\/soil-6-523-2020.","journal-title":"Soil."},{"issue":"03","key":"5035_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.16445\/j.cnki.1000-2340.20211207.002","volume":"56","author":"A Qu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Qu A, Gong S, Feng E, Zhu Q, Zhu L, Kong Y. Effects of different land-use types on seasonal dynamics of soil available nutrients in rocky mountainous areas of Jiyuan. J Henan Agricultural Univ. 2022;56(03):471\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.16445\/j.cnki.1000-2340.20211207.002.","journal-title":"J Henan Agricultural Univ"},{"key":"5035_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"676251","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2021.676251","volume":"12","author":"Q Lin","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lin Q, Baldrian P, Li L, Novotny V, Hedenc P, Kukla J, et al. Dynamics of soil bacterial and fungal communities during the secondary succession following swidden agriculture IN lowland forests. Front Microbiol. 2021;12:676251. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmicb.2021.676251.","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"key":"5035_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33696","DOI":"10.1038\/srep33696","volume":"6","author":"K Kaiser","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kaiser K, Wemheuer B, Korolkow V, Wemheuer F, Nacke H, Schoning I, et al. Driving forces of soil bacterial community structure, diversity, and function in temperate grasslands and forests. Sci Rep. 2016;6:33696. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/srep33696.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"1-2","key":"5035_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1007\/s11104-015-2703-2","volume":"399","author":"A Okubo","year":"2015","unstructured":"Okubo A, Matsusaka M, Sugiyama S. Impacts of root symbiotic associations on interspecific variation in sugar exudation rates and rhizosphere microbial communities: a comparison among four plant families. Plant Soil. 2015;399(1\u20132):345\u201356. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11104-015-2703-2.","journal-title":"Plant Soil"},{"issue":"3","key":"5035_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1461-0248.2007.01139.x","volume":"11","author":"MGA Van der Heijden","year":"2008","unstructured":"Van der Heijden MGA. The unseen majority: soil microbes as drivers of plant diversity and productivity in terrestrial ecosystems. Ecol Lett. 2008;11(3):296\u2013310. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1461-0248.2007.01139.x.","journal-title":"Ecol Lett"},{"issue":"01","key":"5035_CR42","first-page":"1","volume":"51","author":"Y Zhu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhu Y, Peng J, Wei Z, Shen Q, Zheng F. Linking the soil microbiome to soil health. Scientia Sinica(Vitae). 2021;51(01):1\u201311.","journal-title":"Scientia Sinica(Vitae)"},{"issue":"12","key":"5035_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5808","DOI":"10.13227\/j.hjkx.202202020","volume":"43","author":"L Zhu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zhu L, Xu F, Wang J, Zhu Z, Zhang T, Zhang F. Soil fungal community structure and function diversity of different land use types in the waterfront area along the Jialing River. Environ Sci. 2022;43(12):5808\u201318. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.13227\/j.hjkx.202202020.","journal-title":"Environ Sci"},{"issue":"08","key":"5035_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4342","DOI":"10.13227\/j.hjkx.202111245","volume":"43","author":"F Chen","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chen F, Yu G, Sun Y, Zhang H, Tian X, Xia B. Characteristics of microbial community structure in the surrounding farmlands of a Mercury mining area and its environmental driving factors. Environ Sci. 2022;43(08):4342\u201352. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.13227\/j.hjkx.202111245.","journal-title":"Environ Sci"},{"issue":"04","key":"5035_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2600","DOI":"10.13227\/j.hjkx.202403042","volume":"46","author":"Y Bai","year":"2025","unstructured":"Bai Y, Su X, Gu X, Zhang Y, Yang J, Wang X. Research progress on the effect of biochar addition on soil microorganisms in cultived land. Environ Sci. 2025;46(04):2600\u201310. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.13227\/j.hjkx.202403042.","journal-title":"Environ Sci"},{"issue":"04","key":"5035_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.13327\/j.jjlau.2021.6091","volume":"46","author":"W Zhou","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhou W, Yao P, Huang G, Wang D, Ju F. Effects of sulfur addition on bacterial community diversity in root zone and plant growth and development of blueberry. J Jilin Agric Univ. 2024;46(04):581\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.13327\/j.jjlau.2021.6091.","journal-title":"J Jilin Agric Univ"},{"issue":"2","key":"5035_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/j.still.2010.02.008","volume":"107","author":"Y Wang","year":"2010","unstructured":"Wang Y, Xu J, Shen JH, Luo YM, Scheu S, Ke X. Tillage, residue burning and crop rotation alter soil fungal community and water-stable aggregation in arable fields. Soil Tillage Res. 2010;107(2):71\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.still.2010.02.008.","journal-title":"Soil Tillage Res"},{"issue":"04","key":"5035_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1824","DOI":"10.13227\/j.hjkx.201708090","volume":"39","author":"M Chen","year":"2018","unstructured":"Chen M, Zeng Q, Huang Y, Ni Y. Effects of the farmland-to-forest\/grassland conversion program on the soil bacterial community in the Loess Hilly Region. Environ Sci. 2018;39(04):1824\u201332. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.13227\/j.hjkx.201708090.","journal-title":"Environ Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"5035_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1139\/cjm-2017-0443","volume":"64","author":"L Yang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Yang L, Tan L, Zhang F, Gale WJ, Cheng Z, Sang W. Duration of continuous cropping with straw return affects the composition and structure of soil bacterial communities in cotton fields. Can J Microbiol. 2018;64(3):167\u201381. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1139\/cjm-2017-0443.","journal-title":"Can J Microbiol"},{"issue":"08","key":"5035_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4005","DOI":"10.13227\/j.hjkx.202011164","volume":"42","author":"J Zhou","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhou J, Jin Z, Xiao X, Leng M, Wang X, Pan F. Investigation of soil fungal communities and functionalities within Karst Paddy Fields. Environ Sci. 2021;42(08):4005\u201314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.13227\/j.hjkx.202011164.","journal-title":"Environ Sci"},{"issue":"4","key":"5035_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1054","DOI":"10.1111\/jam.12106","volume":"114","author":"XF Zhang","year":"2013","unstructured":"Zhang XF, Zhao L, Xu SJ Jr., Liu YZ, Liu HY, Cheng GD. Soil moisture effect on bacterial and fungal community in Beilu River (Tibetan Plateau) permafrost soils with different vegetation types. J Appl Microbiol. 2013;114(4):1054\u201365. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jam.12106.","journal-title":"J Appl Microbiol"},{"issue":"08","key":"5035_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4575","DOI":"10.13227\/j.hjkx.202210089","volume":"44","author":"Z Liu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Liu Z, Nan Z, Lin S, Meng W, Yu H, Xie L, et al. Soil bacterial community structure and function prediction of millet\/peanut intercropping farmland in the lower yellow river. Environ Sci. 2023;44(08):4575\u201384. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.13227\/j.hjkx.202210089.","journal-title":"Environ Sci"},{"key":"5035_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10541","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms10541","volume":"7","author":"M Delgado-Baquerizo","year":"2016","unstructured":"Delgado-Baquerizo M, Maestre FT, Reich PB, Jeffries TC, Gaitan JJ, Encinar D, et al. Microbial diversity drives multifunctionality in terrestrial ecosystems. Nat Commun. 2016;7:10541. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/ncomms10541.","journal-title":"Nat Commun"}],"container-title":["BMC Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12866-026-05035-2","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12866-026-05035-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12866-026-05035-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T21:49:23Z","timestamp":1781646563000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1186\/s12866-026-05035-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,11]]},"references-count":53,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["5035"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12866-026-05035-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2180"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2180","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"16 August 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"2 April 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"11 April 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interest"}}],"article-number":"487"}}