{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T10:47:11Z","timestamp":1785754031342,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,28]],"date-time":"2026-05-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779926400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785715200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":67,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006407","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["262300422267"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["262300422267"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006407","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Funding for Scientific Research and Innovation Team of The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University","award":["ZYCXTD2023010"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZYCXTD2023010"]}]},{"name":"the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions"},{"name":"Key project of Natural Science Foundation of Henan province","award":["252300421272"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["252300421272"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Microbiol"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s12866-026-05174-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,28]],"date-time":"2026-05-28T06:24:22Z","timestamp":1779949462000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Molecular evolution and mechanisms underlying extremely high-level carbapenem resistance in the emerging CRPA clone ST1976"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Yue","family":"Gong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanjiang","family":"Shao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanlei","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peiyu","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoyu","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Tian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruichao","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shangshang","family":"Qin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,28]]},"reference":[{"issue":"9","key":"5174_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e665","DOI":"10.1016\/S2666-5247(23)00113-1","volume":"4","author":"Y Zhu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhu Y, Jia P, Yu W, Chu X, Liu X, Yang Q. The epidemiology and virulence of carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa in China. Lancet Microbe. 2023;4(9):e665. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S2666-5247(23)00113-1.","journal-title":"Lancet Microbe"},{"key":"5174_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-025-01193-8","volume":"23","author":"M Letizia","year":"2025","unstructured":"Letizia M, Diggle SP, Whiteley M. Pseudomonas aeruginosa: ecology, evolution, pathogenesis and antimicrobial susceptibility. Nat Rev Microbiol. 2025;23:1\u201317. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41579-025-01193-8.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"5174_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"447.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2021.07.018","volume":"28","author":"FJ Candel","year":"2022","unstructured":"Candel FJ, Santerre Henriksen A, Longshaw C, Yamano Y, Oliver A. In vitro activity of the novel siderophore cephalosporin, cefiderocol, in Gram-negative pathogens in Europe by site of infection. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2022;28(3):447.e1-.e6. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cmi.2021.07.018.","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"issue":"3","key":"5174_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e159","DOI":"10.1016\/s2666-5247(22)00329-9","volume":"4","author":"J Reyes","year":"2023","unstructured":"Reyes J, Komarow L, Chen L, Ge L, Hanson BM, Cober E, et al. Global epidemiology and clinical outcomes of carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa and associated carbapenemases (POP): a prospective cohort study. Lancet Microbe. 2023;4(3):e159\u201370. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s2666-5247(22)00329-9.","journal-title":"Lancet Microbe"},{"issue":"9","key":"5174_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1033","DOI":"10.1016\/s1473-3099(25)00118-5","volume":"25","author":"H Sati","year":"2025","unstructured":"Sati H, Carrara E, Savoldi A, Hansen P, Garlasco J, Campagnaro E, et al. The WHO Bacterial Priority Pathogens List 2024: a prioritisation study to guide research, development, and public health strategies against antimicrobial resistance. Lancet Infect Dis. 2025;25(9):1033\u201343. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s1473-3099(25)00118-5.","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"5174_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"811","DOI":"10.1080\/22221751.2022.2048972","volume":"11","author":"FC Tenover","year":"2022","unstructured":"Tenover FC, Nicolau DP, Gill CM. Carbapenemase-producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa -an emerging challenge. Emerg Microbes Infect. 2022;11(1):811\u20134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/22221751.2022.2048972.","journal-title":"Emerg Microbes Infect"},{"issue":"6","key":"5174_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0061424","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.00614-24","volume":"12","author":"J Vi\u00f1es","year":"2024","unstructured":"Vi\u00f1es J, Lopera C, Vergara A, Roca I, Vila J, Casals-Pascual C, et al. Emergence of carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa ST179 producing both IMP-16 and KPC-2: a case study of introduction from Peru to Spain. Microbiol Spectr. 2024;12(6):e0061424. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/spectrum.00614-24.","journal-title":"Microbiol Spectr"},{"issue":"5","key":"5174_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0166923","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.01669-23","volume":"68","author":"H Yano","year":"2024","unstructured":"Yano H, Hayashi W, Kawakami S, Aoki S, Anzai E, Zuo H, et al. Nationwide genome surveillance of carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Japan. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2024;68(5):e0166923. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/aac.01669-23.","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"issue":"9","key":"5174_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0049622","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.00496-22","volume":"66","author":"RA Stanton","year":"2022","unstructured":"Stanton RA, Campbell D, McAllister GA, Breaker E, Adamczyk M, Daniels JB, et al. Whole-genome sequencing reveals diversity of carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa collected through CDC\u2019s Emerging Infections Program, United States, 2016-2018. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2022;66(9):e0049622. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/aac.00496-22.","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"issue":"11","key":"5174_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e00675-23","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.00675-23","volume":"67","author":"Y Li","year":"2023","unstructured":"Li Y, Fang L, Dong M, Cai H, Hua X, Jiang Y, et al. blaKPC-2 overexpression and blaGES-5 carriage as major imipenem\/relebactam resistance mechanisms in Pseudomonas aeruginosa high-risk clones ST463 and ST235, respectively, in China. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2023;67(11):e00675-23. . https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/aac.00675-23","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"5174_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100973","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drup.2023.100973","volume":"69","author":"X Li","year":"2023","unstructured":"Li X, Zhang X, Cai H, Zhu Y, Ji J, Qu T, et al. Overexpression of bla(GES-1) due to a strong promoter in the class 1 integron contributes to decreased ceftazidime-avibactam susceptibility in carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa ST235. Drug Resist Updat. 2023;69:100973. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.drup.2023.100973.","journal-title":"Drug Resist Updat"},{"issue":"7","key":"5174_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1211","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-018-3244-4","volume":"37","author":"T Karampatakis","year":"2018","unstructured":"Karampatakis T, Antachopoulos C, Tsakris A, Roilides E. Molecular epidemiology of carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa in an endemic area: comparison with global data. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 2018;37(7):1211\u201320. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10096-018-3244-4.","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"issue":"5","key":"5174_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107466","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2025.107466","volume":"65","author":"Y Li","year":"2025","unstructured":"Li Y, Liu X, Yao H, Zhao X, Chi L, Jin CY, et al. The evolution of carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the COVID-19 era: a global perspective and regional insights. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2025;65(5):107466. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2025.107466.","journal-title":"Int J Antimicrob Agents"},{"issue":"12","key":"5174_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3491","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkaa345","volume":"75","author":"V Bortolaia","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bortolaia V, Kaas RS, Ruppe E, Roberts MC, Schwarz S, Cattoir V, et al. ResFinder 4.0 for predictions of phenotypes from genotypes. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2020;75(12):3491\u2013500. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jac\/dkaa345.","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"5174_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4939-9877-7_20","volume":"2075","author":"A Carattoli","year":"2020","unstructured":"Carattoli A, Hasman H. PlasmidFinder and In Silico pMLST: Identification and Typing of Plasmid Replicons in Whole-Genome Sequencing (WGS). Methods Mol Biol. 2020;2075:285\u201394. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-1-4939-9877-7_20.","journal-title":"Methods Mol Biol"},{"issue":"1","key":"5174_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e27943","DOI":"10.4161\/bact.27943","volume":"4","author":"KA Kleinheinz","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kleinheinz KA, Joensen KG, Larsen MV. Applying the ResFinder and VirulenceFinder web-services for easy identification of acquired antibiotic resistance and E. coli virulence genes in bacteriophage and prophage nucleotide sequences. Bacteriophage. 2014;4(1):e27943. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4161\/bact.27943.","journal-title":"Bacteriophage"},{"issue":"7","key":"5174_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1782","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00349-16","volume":"54","author":"SW Thrane","year":"2016","unstructured":"Thrane SW, Taylor VL, Lund O, Lam JS, Jelsbak L. Application of whole-genome sequencing data for O-specific antigen analysis and in silico serotyping of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates. J Clin Microbiol. 2016;54(7):1782\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/JCM.00349-16.","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"5174_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1609\/icwsm.v3i1.13937","volume":"3","author":"M Bastian","year":"2009","unstructured":"Bastian M, Heymann S, Jacomy M. Gephi: an open source software for exploring and manipulating networks. Proc Int AAAI Conf Web Social Media. 2009;3(1):361\u20132. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1609\/icwsm.v3i1.13937.","journal-title":"Proc Int AAAI Conf Web Social Media"},{"issue":"7","key":"5174_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1641","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msp077","volume":"26","author":"MN Price","year":"2009","unstructured":"Price MN, Dehal PS, Arkin AP. FastTree: computing large minimum evolution trees with profiles instead of a distance matrix. Mol Biol Evol. 2009;26(7):1641\u201350. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/molbev\/msp077.","journal-title":"Mol Biol Evol"},{"key":"5174_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2148-7-214","volume":"7","author":"AJ Drummond","year":"2007","unstructured":"Drummond AJ, Rambaut A. BEAST: Bayesian evolutionary analysis by sampling trees. BMC Evol Biol. 2007;7:214. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1471-2148-7-214.","journal-title":"BMC Evol Biol"},{"issue":"W1","key":"5174_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"W293","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkab301","volume":"49","author":"I Letunic","year":"2021","unstructured":"Letunic I, Bork P. Interactive Tree Of Life (iTOL) v5: an online tool for phylogenetic tree display and annotation. Nucleic Acids Res. 2021;49(W1):W293\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/nar\/gkab301.","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"5174_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2164-12-402","volume":"12","author":"NF Alikhan","year":"2011","unstructured":"Alikhan NF, Petty NK, Ben Zakour NL, Beatson SA. BLAST Ring Image Generator (BRIG): simple prokaryote genome comparisons. BMC Genomics. 2011;12:402. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1471-2164-12-402.","journal-title":"BMC Genomics"},{"issue":"3","key":"5174_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1159\/000217745","volume":"55","author":"WH Zhao","year":"2009","unstructured":"Zhao WH, Hu Z, Chen G, Ito R, Hu ZQ. Contributions of IMP-10 metallo-beta-lactamase, the outer membrane barrier and the MexAB-OprM efflux system to high-level carbapenem resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Chemotherapy. 2009;55(3):168\u201374. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000217745.","journal-title":"Chemotherapy"},{"issue":"6","key":"5174_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0157023","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.01570-23","volume":"68","author":"C Le Terrier","year":"2024","unstructured":"Le Terrier C, Freire S, Viguier C, Findlay J, Nordmann P, Poirel L. Relative inhibitory activities of the broad-spectrum \u03b2-lactamase inhibitor xeruborbactam in comparison with taniborbactam against metallo-\u03b2-lactamases produced in Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2024;68(6):e0157023. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/aac.01570-23.","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"issue":"6","key":"5174_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"740","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2016.09.012","volume":"48","author":"H Chalhoub","year":"2016","unstructured":"Chalhoub H, S\u00e1enz Y, Rodriguez-Villalobos H, Denis O, Kahl BC, Tulkens PM, et al. High-level resistance to meropenem in clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the absence of carbapenemases: role of active efflux and porin alterations. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2016;48(6):740\u20133. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2016.09.012.","journal-title":"Int J Antimicrob Agents"},{"issue":"7","key":"5174_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0029725","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.00297-25","volume":"69","author":"C Le Terrier","year":"2025","unstructured":"Le Terrier C, Drusin SI, Nordmann P, Pitout J, Peirano G, Vila AJ, et al. The emerging concern of IMP variants being resistant to the only IMP-type metallo-\u03b2-lactamase inhibitor, xeruborbactam. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2025;69(7):e0029725. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/aac.00297-25.","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"issue":"1","key":"5174_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-66874-7","volume":"17","author":"B Vezina","year":"2025","unstructured":"Vezina B, Morampalli BR, Nguyen HA, Gomez-Simmonds A, Peleg AY, Macesic N. The rise and global spread of IMP carbapenemases (1996-2023): a genomic epidemiology study. Nat Commun. 2025;17(1):183. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-025-66874-7.","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"6","key":"5174_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2014","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.46.6.2014-2016.2002","volume":"46","author":"S Iyobe","year":"2002","unstructured":"Iyobe S, Kusadokoro H, Takahashi A, Yomoda S, Okubo T, Nakamura A, et al. Detection of a variant metallo-beta-lactamase, IMP-10, from two unrelated strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and an alcaligenes xylosoxidans strain. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2002;46(6):2014\u20136. . https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/aac.46.6.2014-2016.2002","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"5174_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106326","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2022.106326","volume":"228","author":"W Feng","year":"2022","unstructured":"Feng W, Lv J, Wang H, Yao P, Xiong L, Xia P, et al. The first report of the bla(IMP-10) gene and complete sequence of the IMP-10-encoding plasmid p12NE515 from Pseudomonas aeruginosa in China. Acta Trop. 2022;228:106326. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.actatropica.2022.106326.","journal-title":"Acta Trop"},{"issue":"12","key":"5174_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7216","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.01601-16","volume":"60","author":"JS Hong","year":"2016","unstructured":"Hong JS, Yoon EJ, Lee H, Jeong SH, Lee K. Clonal dissemination of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Sequence Type 235 isolates carrying blaIMP-6 and emergence of blaGES-24 and blaIMP-10 on novel genomic islands PAGI-15 and -16 in South Korea. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2016;60(12):7216\u201323. . https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/aac.01601-16","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"}],"container-title":["BMC Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12866-026-05174-6","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12866-026-05174-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12866-026-05174-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T10:11:20Z","timestamp":1785751880000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1186\/s12866-026-05174-6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,28]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["5174"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12866-026-05174-6","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2180"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2180","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,28]]},"assertion":[{"value":"1 April 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"12 May 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"28 May 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The Ethics Committee of the Zhengzhou University approved this study and waived the necessity of informed consent due to the observational nature of the study with the guarantee of anonymous data collection. This study was performed in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent for publication","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"686"}}