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The study involved environmental sampling from intensive care unit (ICU) environments and did not include human participants and human specimens. Consequently, the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki were not applicable. The requirement for informed consent was also deemed not applicable as the study did not involve human subjects, in accordance with the National Research Ethics Review Guideline (NRERG, No. 01\/2020, October 2020) of Ethiopia, which allows exemptions for minimal-risk research involving environmental sampling without direct human involvement. Permission to conduct the study was obtained from the administrative offices of Menelik II Comprehensive Specialized Hospital and Tirunesh Beijing General Hospital before sample collection.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent for publication","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"849"}}