{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T20:37:43Z","timestamp":1792787863217,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783555200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791158400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":88,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012774","name":"Innovationsfonden","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["9067-00024B"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["9067-00024B"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012774","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012774","name":"Innovationsfonden","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["9067-00024B"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["9067-00024B"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012774","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012774","name":"Innovationsfonden","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["9067-00024B"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["9067-00024B"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012774","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Independent Research Fund Denmark","award":["9041-00322B"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["9041-00322B"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05svhj534","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Microbiol"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s12866-026-05399-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T08:45:06Z","timestamp":1783586706000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Challenges in redirecting rumen hydrogen flow in vitro: insights from new hydrogenotrophic isolates"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4529-9598","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Samantha Joan","family":"Noel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ole","family":"H\u00f8jberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mirka","family":"Thorsteinsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"5399_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.food.102308.124101","volume":"1","author":"N Nakamura","year":"2010","unstructured":"Nakamura N, et al. Mechanisms of Microbial Hydrogen Disposal in the Human Colon and Implications for Health and Disease. Annual Rev Food Sci Technol. 2010;1(1):363\u201395.","journal-title":"Annual Rev Food Sci Technol"},{"issue":"1","key":"5399_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1186\/s40168-023-01565-3","volume":"11","author":"A Campbell","year":"2023","unstructured":"Campbell A, et al. H(2) generated by fermentation in the human gut microbiome influences metabolism and competitive fitness of gut butyrate producers. Microbiome. 2023;11(1):133.","journal-title":"Microbiome"},{"issue":"4","key":"5399_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1253","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-022-07743-x","volume":"68","author":"A Birg","year":"2023","unstructured":"Birg A, et al. Hydrogen Availability Is Dependent on the Actions of Both Hydrogen-Producing and Hydrogen-Consuming Microbes. Dig Dis Sci. 2023;68(4):1253\u20139.","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"5399_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14567","DOI":"10.1038\/srep14567","volume":"5","author":"G Henderson","year":"2015","unstructured":"Henderson G, et al. Rumen microbial community composition varies with diet and host, but a core microbiome is found across a wide geographical range. Sci Rep. 2015;5:14567.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"5399_CR5","unstructured":"Opio C, et al. Greenhouse gas emissions from ruminant supply chains\u2013A global life cycle assessment. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO); 2013."},{"key":"5399_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Twine R. Emissions from Animal Agriculture-16.5% Is the New Minimum Figure. Sustainability, 2021. 13(11).","DOI":"10.3390\/su13116276"},{"issue":"4","key":"5399_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.34.4.437","volume":"34","author":"GR Gibson","year":"1993","unstructured":"Gibson GR, Macfarlane GT, Cummings JH. Sulphate reducing bacteria and hydrogen metabolism in the human large intestine. Gut. 1993;34(4):437\u20139.","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"5399_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"158867","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.158867","volume":"855","author":"K Wang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wang K, Xiong B, Zhao X. Could propionate formation be used to reduce enteric methane emission in ruminants? Sci Total Environ. 2023;855:158867.","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"5399_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anifeedsci.2010.07.002","volume":"160","author":"PH Janssen","year":"2010","unstructured":"Janssen PH. Influence of hydrogen on rumen methane formation and fermentation balances through microbial growth kinetics and fermentation thermodynamics. Anim Feed Sci Technol. 2010;160(1\u20132):1\u201322.","journal-title":"Anim Feed Sci Technol"},{"issue":"20","key":"5399_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6391","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.00181-07","volume":"73","author":"G Fonty","year":"2007","unstructured":"Fonty G, et al. Establishment and development of ruminal hydrogenotrophs in methanogen-free lambs. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2007;73(20):6391\u2013403.","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"key":"5399_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Greening C et al. Alternative hydrogen uptake pathways suppress methane production in ruminants. 2018. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/486894.","DOI":"10.1101\/486894"},{"issue":"1","key":"5399_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.63.1.194-200.1997","volume":"63","author":"L Nollet","year":"1997","unstructured":"Nollet L, Demeyer D, Verstraete W. Effect of 2-bromoethanesulfonic acid and Peptostreptococcus productus ATCC 35244 addition on stimulation of reductive acetogenesis in the ruminal ecosystem by selective inhibition of methanogenesis. Appl Environ Microbiol. 1997;63(1):194\u2013200.","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"5399_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0377-8401(98)00273-9","volume":"78","author":"S Lopez","year":"1999","unstructured":"Lopez S, et al. Effect of adding acetogenic bacteria on methane production by mixed rumen microorganisms. Anim Feed Sci Technol. 1999;78(1\u20132):1\u20139.","journal-title":"Anim Feed Sci Technol"},{"issue":"9","key":"5399_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3429","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.64.9.3429-3436.1998","volume":"64","author":"TD Le Van","year":"1998","unstructured":"Le Van TD, et al. Assessment of reductive acetogenesis with indigenous ruminal bacterium populations and Acetitomaculum ruminis. Appl Environ Microbiol. 1998;64(9):3429\u201336.","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"5399_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mimet.2010.10.011","volume":"84","author":"N Kenters","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kenters N, et al. Isolation of previously uncultured rumen bacteria by dilution to extinction using a new liquid culture medium. J Microbiol Methods. 2011;84(1):52\u201360.","journal-title":"J Microbiol Methods"},{"key":"5399_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Noel SJ et al. Draft Genome Sequence of Candidatus Methanomethylophilus sp. 1R26, Enriched from Bovine Rumen, a Methanogenic Archaeon Belonging to the Methanomassiliicoccales Order. Microbiol Resource Announcements, 2016. 4(1).","DOI":"10.1128\/genomeA.01734-15"},{"issue":"12","key":"5399_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2054","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(69)86899-2","volume":"52","author":"AD Tiwari","year":"1969","unstructured":"Tiwari AD, Bryant MP, Wolfe RS. Simple Method for Isolation of Selenomonas ruminantium and Some Nutritional Characteristics of the Species. J Dairy Sci. 1969;52(12):2054\u20136.","journal-title":"J Dairy Sci"},{"key":"5399_CR18","unstructured":"NorFor. NorFor - Nordic Feed Evaluation System 2023. Cited 2023 27th of April."},{"issue":"1","key":"5399_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2024-25446","volume":"108","author":"G Giagnoni","year":"2025","unstructured":"Giagnoni G, et al. Effect of dietary fat source and concentration on feed intake, enteric methane, and milk production in dairy cows. J Dairy Sci. 2025;108(1):553\u201367.","journal-title":"J Dairy Sci"},{"issue":"10","key":"5399_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6921","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2023-23437","volume":"106","author":"M Thorsteinsson","year":"2023","unstructured":"Thorsteinsson M, et al. Effects of dietary inclusion of 3 Nordic brown macroalgae on enteric methane emission and productivity of dairy cows. J Dairy Sci. 2023;106(10):6921\u201337.","journal-title":"J Dairy Sci"},{"key":"5399_CR21","unstructured":"Panah FM. Gut microbiome: an avenue towards understanding colitis-complex diarrhea : PhD thesis. 2023, Department of Animal and Veterinary Science, Aarhus University, Foulum: Tjele."},{"key":"5399_CR22","unstructured":"Lane DJ. 16S\/23S rRNA sequencing, in Nucleic acid techniques in bacterial systematics, E. Stackebrandt and M. Goodfellow, Editors. 1991, John Wiley & Sons: Chichester, UK. pp. 115\u2013175."},{"issue":"23","key":"5399_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7785","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.01679-10","volume":"76","author":"EJ Gagen","year":"2010","unstructured":"Gagen EJ, et al. Functional gene analysis suggests different acetogen populations in the bovine rumen and tammar wallaby forestomach. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2010;76(23):7785\u201395.","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"key":"5399_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1017\/S1357729800013837","volume":"61","author":"MT Jensen","year":"1995","unstructured":"Jensen MT, Cox RP, Jensen BB. Microbial-Production of Skatole in the Hind Gut of Pigs Given Different Diets and Its Relation to Skatole Deposition in Backfat. Anim Sci. 1995;61:293\u2013304.","journal-title":"Anim Sci"},{"issue":"11","key":"5399_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2959","DOI":"10.2527\/jas.2006-744","volume":"85","author":"N Canibe","year":"2007","unstructured":"Canibe N, et al. Effect of feeding fermented liquid feed and fermented grain on gastrointestinal ecology and growth performance in piglets. J Anim Sci. 2007;85(11):2959\u201371.","journal-title":"J Anim Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"5399_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12797","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-38149-y","volume":"13","author":"M Thorsteinsson","year":"2023","unstructured":"Thorsteinsson M, et al. Enteric methane emission of dairy cows supplemented with iodoform in a dose\u2013response study. Sci Rep. 2023;13(1):12797.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"5399_CR27","first-page":"7","volume":"28","author":"KH Menke","year":"1988","unstructured":"Menke KH, Steingass H. Estimation of the energetic feed value obtained from chemical analysis and in vitro gas production using rumen fluid. Anim Res Dev. 1988;28:7\u201355.","journal-title":"Anim Res Dev"},{"key":"5399_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103139","DOI":"10.1016\/j.algal.2023.103139","volume":"73","author":"M Thorsteinsson","year":"2023","unstructured":"Thorsteinsson M, et al. Effects of seasonal and interspecies differences in macroalgae procured from temperate seas on the Northern hemisphere on in vitro methane mitigating properties and rumen degradability. Algal Res. 2023;73:103139.","journal-title":"Algal Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"5399_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.3168\/jdsc.2024-0700","volume":"6","author":"M Thorsteinsson","year":"2025","unstructured":"Thorsteinsson M, Nielsen MO. In vitro screening of dihalomethanes as potential methane inhibitors in dairy cows. JDS Commun. 2025;6(3):329\u201332.","journal-title":"JDS Commun"},{"key":"5399_CR30","unstructured":"IUPAC, Compendium of Chemical Terminology, 2nd ed., Version 2.3.3. 2014, (Accessed 26 October 2021) https:\/\/goldbook.iupac.org\/files\/pdf\/goldbook.pdf"},{"key":"5399_CR31","volume-title":"A language and environment for statistical computing","author":"R-core-team","year":"2024","unstructured":"R-core-team. A language and environment for statistical computing. Vienna, Austria, URL: R Foundation for Statistical Computing; 2024. https:\/\/www.R-project.org\/."},{"key":"5399_CR32","unstructured":"MHI. Concentration and solubility of H\u2082. 2013 February 5, 2013; Available from: https:\/\/molecularhydrogeninstitute.org\/concentration-and-solubility-of-h2\/ Cited 2025 17-12-2025."},{"key":"5399_CR33","unstructured":"Liboriussen HH. Characterization of hydrogenotrophic bacteria from the rumen, in Department of Biology. Aarhus University; 2023."},{"issue":"2","key":"5399_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1007\/s12275-014-3518-1","volume":"52","author":"L Mamuad","year":"2014","unstructured":"Mamuad L, et al. Effect of fumarate reducing bacteria on in vitro rumen fermentation, methane mitigation and microbial diversity. J Microbiol. 2014;52(2):120\u20138.","journal-title":"J Microbiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"5399_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2023-23420","volume":"107","author":"M Maigaard","year":"2024","unstructured":"Maigaard M, et al. Effects of dietary fat, nitrate, and 3-nitrooxypropanol and their combinations on methane emission, feed intake, and milk production in dairy cows. J Dairy Sci. 2024;107(1):220\u201341.","journal-title":"J Dairy Sci"},{"issue":"9","key":"5399_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8074","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2019-17936","volume":"103","author":"S van Gastelen","year":"2020","unstructured":"van Gastelen S, et al. 3-Nitrooxypropanol decreases methane emissions and increases hydrogen emissions of early lactation dairy cows, with associated changes in nutrient digestibility and energy metabolism. J Dairy Sci. 2020;103(9):8074\u201393.","journal-title":"J Dairy Sci"},{"issue":"4","key":"5399_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.3390\/methane1040024","volume":"1","author":"PK Choudhury","year":"2022","unstructured":"Choudhury PK, et al. Reducing Enteric Methanogenesis through Alternate Hydrogen Sinks in the Rumen. Methane. 2022;1(4):320\u201341.","journal-title":"Methane"},{"key":"5399_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ungerfeld EM. Metabolic Hydrogen Flows in Rumen Fermentation: Principles and Possibilities of Interventions. Front Microbiol, 2020. 11.","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2020.00589"},{"key":"5399_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gagen EJ, Denman SE, McSweeney CS. Acetogenesis as an alternative to methanogenesis in the rumen, in Livestock production and climate change. 2015, CABI Wallingford UK. pp. 292\u2013303.","DOI":"10.1079\/9781780644325.0292"},{"issue":"2","key":"5399_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1017\/S1751731113002085","volume":"8","author":"J Jeyanathan","year":"2014","unstructured":"Jeyanathan J, Martin C, Morgavi DP. The use of direct-fed microbials for mitigation of ruminant methane emissions: a review. Animal. 2014;8(2):250\u201361.","journal-title":"Animal"},{"issue":"3","key":"5399_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1007\/s002849900023","volume":"32","author":"B Morvan","year":"1996","unstructured":"Morvan B, et al. Quantitative determination of H2-utilizing acetogenic and sulfate-reducing bacteria and methanogenic archaea from digestive tract of different mammals. Curr Microbiol. 1996;32(3):129\u201333.","journal-title":"Curr Microbiol"},{"issue":"12","key":"5399_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1907","DOI":"10.5713\/ajas.18.0512","volume":"32","author":"H Matsui","year":"2019","unstructured":"Matsui H, et al. Effects of feed intake on the diversity and population density of homoacetogens in the large intestine of pigs. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci. 2019;32(12):1907\u201313.","journal-title":"Asian-Australas J Anim Sci"},{"issue":"5","key":"5399_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00416597","volume":"151","author":"RC Greening","year":"1989","unstructured":"Greening RC, Leedle JA. Enrichment and isolation of Acetitomaculum ruminis, gen. nov., sp. nov.: acetogenic bacteria from the bovine rumen. Arch Microbiol. 1989;151(5):399\u2013406.","journal-title":"Arch Microbiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"5399_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.5187\/jast.2020.62.1.1","volume":"62","author":"SH Kim","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kim SH, et al. Reductive acetogens isolated from ruminants and their effect on methane mitigation and milk performance in Holstein cows. J Anim Sci Technol. 2020;62(1):1\u201313.","journal-title":"J Anim Sci Technol"},{"issue":"9","key":"5399_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.1016\/S0923-2508(97)85122-4","volume":"147","author":"F Rieu-Lesme","year":"1996","unstructured":"Rieu-Lesme F, et al. Acetogenic coccoid spore-forming bacteria isolated from the rumen. Res Microbiol. 1996;147(9):753\u201364.","journal-title":"Res Microbiol"},{"issue":"2\u20133","key":"5399_CR46","first-page":"281","volume":"140","author":"F Rieu-Lesme","year":"1996","unstructured":"Rieu-Lesme F, et al. A new H2\/CO2-using acetogenic bacterium from the rumen: description of Ruminococcus schinkii sp. nov. FEMS Microbiol Lett. 1996;140(2\u20133):281\u20136.","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol Lett"},{"key":"5399_CR47","first-page":"129","volume":"2","author":"P Boccazzi","year":"2013","unstructured":"Boccazzi P, Patterson J. Isolation and initial characterization of acetogenic ruminal bacteria resistant to acidic conditions. Agric Food Anal Bacteriol. 2013;2:129\u201344.","journal-title":"Agric Food Anal Bacteriol"},{"issue":"8","key":"5399_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1007\/s13205-023-03688-8","volume":"13","author":"PK Choudhury","year":"2023","unstructured":"Choudhury PK, et al. Isolation and characterization of reductive acetogens from rumen fluid samples of Murrah buffaloes. 3 Biotech. 2023;13(8):265.","journal-title":"3 Biotech"},{"key":"5399_CR49","first-page":"33","volume":"1","author":"P Boccazzi","year":"2011","unstructured":"Boccazzi P, Patterson J. Using hydrogen limited anaerobic continuous culture to isolate low hydrogen threshold ruminal acetogenic bacteria. Agric Food Anal Bacteriol. 2011;1:33\u201344.","journal-title":"Agric Food Anal Bacteriol"},{"issue":"2","key":"5399_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1006\/anae.1998.0153","volume":"4","author":"F Rieu-Lesme","year":"1998","unstructured":"Rieu-Lesme F, et al. Isolation from the rumen of a new acetogenic bacterium phylogenetically closely related to Clostridium difficile. Anaerobe. 1998;4(2):89\u201394.","journal-title":"Anaerobe"},{"key":"5399_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Drake HL, G\u00f6ssner AS, Daniel SL. Old acetogens, new light. Incredible Anaerobes: From Physiology to Genomics to Fuels, 2008. 1125: pp. 100\u2013128.","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1419.016"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"5399_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1051\/animres:19960683","volume":"45","author":"B Morvan","year":"1996","unstructured":"Morvan B, Fonty G. Mixotrophy by rumen acetogenic bacteria in the utilization of hydrogen and sugars. Ann Zootech. 1996;45(Suppl 1):354.","journal-title":"Ann Zootech"},{"key":"5399_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Singh A, Schn\u00fcrer A. AcetoBase Version 2: a database update and re-analysis of formyltetrahydrofolate synthetase amplicon sequencing data from anaerobic digesters. Database, 2022. 2022.","DOI":"10.1093\/database\/baac041"},{"issue":"3","key":"5399_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6968.1994.tb06775.x","volume":"117","author":"B Morvan","year":"1994","unstructured":"Morvan B, et al. Establishment of hydrogen-utilizing bacteria in the rumen of the newborn lamb. FEMS Microbiol Lett. 1994;117(3):249\u201356.","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol Lett"},{"issue":"1","key":"5399_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-1097(95)00176-6","volume":"130","author":"J Dore","year":"1995","unstructured":"Dore J, et al. Most probable number enumeration of H2-utilizing acetogenic bacteria from the digestive tract of animals and man. FEMS Microbiol Lett. 1995;130(1):7\u201312.","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol Lett"},{"issue":"1","key":"5399_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1186\/s40168-024-02018-1","volume":"13","author":"Q Li","year":"2025","unstructured":"Li Q, et al. Reductive acetogenesis is a dominant process in the ruminant hindgut. Microbiome. 2025;13(1):28.","journal-title":"Microbiome"},{"key":"5399_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Thorsteinsson M et al. Iodoform as an Anti-Methanogenic Feed Additive in Total Mixed Rations of Dairy Cows. Dairy, 2025. 6(2).","DOI":"10.3390\/dairy6020017"},{"issue":"5","key":"5399_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.3168\/jdsc.2022-0259","volume":"4","author":"M Thorsteinsson","year":"2023","unstructured":"Thorsteinsson M, et al. Effect of fumaric acid in combination with Asparagopsis taxiformis or nitrate on in vitro gas production, pH, and redox potential. JDS Commun. 2023;4(5):335\u20139.","journal-title":"JDS Commun"},{"issue":"4","key":"5399_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2047","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2023-23743","volume":"107","author":"MH Kjeldsen","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kjeldsen MH, et al. Gas exchange, rumen hydrogen sinks, and nutrient digestibility and metabolism in lactating dairy cows fed 3-nitrooxypropanol and cracked rapeseed. J Dairy Sci. 2024;107(4):2047\u201365.","journal-title":"J Dairy Sci"},{"issue":"8","key":"5399_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5681","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2023-24343","volume":"107","author":"M Maigaard","year":"2024","unstructured":"Maigaard M, et al. The acute effects of rumen pulse-dosing of hydrogen acceptors during methane inhibition with nitrate or 3-nitrooxypropanol in dairy cows. J Dairy Sci. 2024;107(8):5681\u201398.","journal-title":"J Dairy Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"5399_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.02383-14","volume":"197","author":"K Schuchmann","year":"2015","unstructured":"Schuchmann K, et al. Nonacetogenic Growth of the Acetogen on 1,2-Propanediol. J Bacteriol. 2015;197(2):382\u201391.","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"key":"5399_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li Q et al. Metabolic versatility enables acetogens to colonize ruminants with diet-driven niche partitioning. ISME J, 2025. 19(1).","DOI":"10.1093\/ismejo\/wraf183"},{"key":"5399_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gagen EJ et al. Methanogen Colonisation Does Not Significantly Alter Acetogen Diversity in Lambs Isolated 17\u00a0h After Birth and Raised Aseptically. Microb Ecol, 2012.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00248-012-0024-z"},{"issue":"4","key":"5399_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"804","DOI":"10.1002\/bit.28904","volume":"122","author":"L Munoz-Duarte","year":"2025","unstructured":"Munoz-Duarte L, et al. H(2) Consumption by Various Acetogenic Bacteria Follows First-Order Kinetics up to H(2) Saturation. Biotechnol Bioeng. 2025;122(4):804\u201316.","journal-title":"Biotechnol Bioeng"}],"container-title":["BMC Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12866-026-05399-5","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12866-026-05399-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12866-026-05399-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T20:02:44Z","timestamp":1791316964000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1186\/s12866-026-05399-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]]},"references-count":64,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["5399"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12866-026-05399-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2180"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2180","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"22 April 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"7 July 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"9 July 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Animal experiments were conducted in accordance with the Danish Ministry of Environment and food, Act No. 474 and executive order 2028 (2020). Experiments were approved by the Danish Animal Experiments Inspectorate. All animals belong to and experiments were conducted at Aarhus University, AU Viborg \u2013 Research Centre Foulum, Denmark.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent for publication","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"860"}}