{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T20:37:20Z","timestamp":1792787840487,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]],"date-time":"2026-07-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783900800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791331200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":86,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"the Scientific Research Fund of Yunnan Provincial Department of Education","award":["2024J0304"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024J0304"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02yrxdp92","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"the Kunming Medical Joint Special Project of Yunnan Provincial Science and Technology Plan Project","award":["202401AY070001-295"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202401AY070001-295"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["82370192"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82370192"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01h0zpd94","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"1.3.5 Project of High Altitude Medicine","award":["GYYX24003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GYYX24003"]}]},{"name":"West China Hospital, Sichuan University, the Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province","award":["2024NSFSC1746"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024NSFSC1746"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/011ashp19","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","award":["2022YFC2406804"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YFC2406804"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Microbiol"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s12866-026-05408-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]],"date-time":"2026-07-13T02:27:16Z","timestamp":1783909636000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Blood mNGS: an effective non-invasive diagnostic tool for Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-6245-4619","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuhui","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sifen","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ailin","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meng","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinai","family":"Gan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yutong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Min","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qitong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ting","family":"Niu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yongzhao","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]]},"reference":[{"issue":"Rr\u20138","key":"5408_CR1","first-page":"1","volume":"51","author":"JE Kaplan","year":"2002","unstructured":"Kaplan JE, Masur H, Holmes KK. Guidelines for preventing opportunistic infections among HIV-infected persons\u20132002. Recommendations of the U.S. Public Health Service and the Infectious Diseases Society of America. MMWR Recomm Rep. 2002;51(Rr\u20138):1\u201352.","journal-title":"MMWR Recomm Rep"},{"issue":"2 Pt 1","key":"5408_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.162.2.9909014","volume":"162","author":"JR Curtis","year":"2000","unstructured":"Curtis JR, Yarnold PR, Schwartz DN, Weinstein RA, Bennett CL. Improvements in outcomes of acute respiratory failure for patients with human immunodeficiency virus-related Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2000;162(2 Pt 1):393\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1164\/ajrccm.162.2.9909014.","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"5408_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmii.2012.08.024","volume":"47","author":"MC Li","year":"2014","unstructured":"Li MC, Lee NY, Lee CC, Lee HC, Chang CM, Ko WC. Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia in immunocompromised patients: delayed diagnosis and poor outcomes in non-HIV-infected individuals. J Microbiol Immunol Infect. 2014;47(1):42\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jmii.2012.08.024.","journal-title":"J Microbiol Immunol Infect"},{"issue":"35","key":"5408_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59729","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.19927","volume":"8","author":"Y Liu","year":"2017","unstructured":"Liu Y, Su L, Jiang SJ, Qu H. Risk factors for mortality from pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) in non-HIV patients: a meta-analysis. Oncotarget. 2017;8(35):59729\u201339. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18632\/oncotarget.19927.","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"issue":"12","key":"5408_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1034","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tim.2020.03.006","volume":"28","author":"G Nevez","year":"2020","unstructured":"Nevez G, Hauser PM, Le Gal S. Pneumocystis jirovecii. Trends Microbiol. 2020;28(12):1034\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tim.2020.03.006.","journal-title":"Trends Microbiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"5408_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1007\/s11910-015-0603-8","volume":"16","author":"F Albarillo","year":"2016","unstructured":"Albarillo F, O\u2019Keefe P. Opportunistic Neurologic Infections in Patients with Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS). Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep. 2016;16(1):10. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11910-015-0603-8.","journal-title":"Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep"},{"issue":"2","key":"5408_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1128\/cmr.00013-12","volume":"25","author":"A Morris","year":"2012","unstructured":"Morris A, Norris KA. Colonization by Pneumocystis jirovecii and its role in disease. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2012;25(2):297\u2013317. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/cmr.00013-12.","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"issue":"6","key":"5408_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1367","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciz1008","volume":"71","author":"JP Donnelly","year":"2020","unstructured":"Donnelly JP, Chen SC, Kauffman CA, Steinbach WJ, Baddley JW, Verweij PE, et al. Revision and Update of the Consensus Definitions of Invasive Fungal Disease From the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer and the Mycoses Study Group Education and Research Consortium. Clin Infect Dis. 2020;71(6):1367\u201376. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/cid\/ciz1008.","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"12b","key":"5408_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1350","DOI":"10.1111\/imj.12599","volume":"44","author":"L Cooley","year":"2014","unstructured":"Cooley L, Dendle C, Wolf J, Teh BW, Chen SC, Boutlis C, et al. Consensus guidelines for diagnosis, prophylaxis and management of Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia in patients with haematological and solid malignancies, 2014. Intern Med J. 2014;44(12b):1350\u201363. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/imj.12599.","journal-title":"Intern Med J"},{"issue":"7","key":"5408_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1173","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-014-2054-6","volume":"33","author":"F Esteves","year":"2014","unstructured":"Esteves F, Lee CH, de Sousa B, Badura R, Seringa M, Fernandes C, et al. (1\u20133)-beta-D-glucan in association with lactate dehydrogenase as biomarkers of Pneumocystis pneumonia (PcP) in HIV-infected patients. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 2014;33(7):1173\u201380. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10096-014-2054-6.","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"5408_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.4046\/trd.2020.0015","volume":"83","author":"S Tasaka","year":"2020","unstructured":"Tasaka S. Recent Advances in the Diagnosis and Management of Pneumocystis Pneumonia. Tuberc Respir Dis (Seoul). 2020;83(2):132\u201340. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4046\/trd.2020.0015.","journal-title":"Tuberc Respir Dis (Seoul)"},{"key":"5408_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ma L, Ciss\u00e9 OH, Kovacs JA. A Molecular Window into the Biology and Epidemiology of Pneumocystis spp. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2018;31(3). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/cmr.00009-18.","DOI":"10.1128\/cmr.00009-18"},{"issue":"5","key":"5408_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0010122","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.00101-22","volume":"60","author":"A Moreno","year":"2022","unstructured":"Moreno A, Epstein D, Budvytiene I, Banaei N. Accuracy of Pneumocystis jirovecii Plasma Cell-Free DNA PCR for Noninvasive Diagnosis of Pneumocystis Pneumonia. J Clin Microbiol. 2022;60(5):e0010122. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/jcm.00101-22.","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"5408_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1586","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.34.6.1586-1588.1996","volume":"34","author":"E Tamburrini","year":"1996","unstructured":"Tamburrini E, Mencarini P, Visconti E, Zolfo M, De Luca A, Siracusano A, et al. Detection of Pneumocystis carinii DNA in blood by PCR is not of value for diagnosis of P. carinii pneumonia. J Clin Microbiol. 1996;34(6):1586\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/jcm.34.6.1586-1588.1996.","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"issue":"9","key":"5408_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1948","DOI":"10.3201\/eid3009.240615","volume":"30","author":"S Yu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Yu S, Yang T. Non-HIV Immunocompetent Patient with COVID-19 and Severe Pneumocystis jirovecii Pneumonia Co-Infection. Emerg Infect Dis. 2024;30(9):1948\u201352. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3201\/eid3009.240615.","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"issue":"5","key":"5408_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"778","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cix881","volume":"66","author":"PJ Simner","year":"2018","unstructured":"Simner PJ, Miller S, Carroll KC. Understanding the Promises and Hurdles of Metagenomic Next-Generation Sequencing as a Diagnostic Tool for Infectious Diseases. Clin Infect Dis. 2018;66(5):778\u201388. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/cid\/cix881.","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"5408_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ruan Z, Zou S, Wang Z, Zhang L, Chen H, Wu Y, et al. Toward accurate diagnosis and surveillance of bacterial infections using enhanced strain-level metagenomic next-generation sequencing of infected body fluids. Brief Bioinform. 2022;23(2). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/bib\/bbac004.","DOI":"10.1093\/bib\/bbac004"},{"issue":"suppl2","key":"5408_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S231","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciy693","volume":"67","author":"Q Miao","year":"2018","unstructured":"Miao Q, Ma Y, Wang Q, Pan J, Zhang Y, Jin W, et al. Microbiological Diagnostic Performance of Metagenomic Next-generation Sequencing When Applied to Clinical Practice. Clin Infect Dis. 2018;67(suppl2):S231\u201340. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/cid\/ciy693.","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"5408_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mimet.2005.01.001","volume":"61","author":"F Brancart","year":"2005","unstructured":"Brancart F, Rodriguez-Villalobos H, Fonteyne PA, Peres-Bota D, Liesnard C. Quantitative TaqMan PCR for detection of Pneumocystis jiroveci. J Microbiol Methods. 2005;61(3):381\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mimet.2005.01.001.","journal-title":"J Microbiol Methods"},{"key":"5408_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7651","DOI":"10.2147\/idr.S400931","volume":"15","author":"W Liu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Liu W, Wang Y, Sun H. Evaluation of the Performance of a Multiplex Real-Time PCR Assay for the Identification of Aspergillus, Cryptococcus neoformans, and Pneumocystis jirovecii Simultaneously from Sputum in Multicenter [Response to Letter]. Infect Drug Resist. 2022;15:7651\u20132. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/idr.S400931.","journal-title":"Infect Drug Resist"},{"key":"5408_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2017.00504","volume":"7","author":"K Biswas","year":"2017","unstructured":"Biswas K, Wagner Mackenzie B, Waldvogel-Thurlow S, Middleditch M, Jullig M, Zoing M, et al. Differentially Regulated Host Proteins Associated with Chronic Rhinosinusitis Are Correlated with the Sinonasal Microbiome. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2017;7:504. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fcimb.2017.00504.","journal-title":"Front Cell Infect Microbiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"5408_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R60","DOI":"10.1186\/gb-2011-12-6-r60","volume":"12","author":"N Segata","year":"2011","unstructured":"Segata N, Izard J, Waldron L, Gevers D, Miropolsky L, Garrett WS, et al. Metagenomic biomarker discovery and explanation. Genome Biol. 2011;12(6):R60. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/gb-2011-12-6-r60.","journal-title":"Genome Biol"},{"issue":"5","key":"5408_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1590\/s1806-37562017000000209","volume":"44","author":"AN Costa","year":"2018","unstructured":"Costa AN, Costa FMD, Campos SV, Salles RK, Athanazio RA. The pulmonary microbiome: challenges of a new paradigm. J Bras Pneumol. 2018;44(5):424\u201332. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1590\/s1806-37562017000000209.","journal-title":"J Bras Pneumol"},{"issue":"5","key":"5408_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201907-1487OC","volume":"201","author":"RP Dickson","year":"2020","unstructured":"Dickson RP, Schultz MJ, van der Poll T, Schouten LR, Falkowski NR, Luth JE, et al. Lung Microbiota Predict Clinical Outcomes in Critically Ill Patients. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2020;201(5):555\u201363. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1164\/rccm.201907-1487OC.","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"5408_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2232358","DOI":"10.1080\/07853890.2023.2232358","volume":"55","author":"Y Liu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Liu Y, Wang X, Xu J, Yang Q, Zhu H, Yang J. Diagnostic value of metagenomic next-generation sequencing of lower respiratory tract specimen for the diagnosis of suspected Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia. Ann Med. 2023;55(1):2232358. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/07853890.2023.2232358.","journal-title":"Ann Med"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"5408_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S114","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa1805","volume":"72","author":"K Lagrou","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lagrou K, Chen S, Masur H, Viscoli C, Decker CF, Pagano L, et al. Pneumocystis jirovecii Disease: Basis for the Revised EORTC\/MSGERC Invasive Fungal Disease Definitions in Individuals Without Human Immunodeficiency Virus. Clin Infect Dis. 2021;72(Suppl 2):S114\u201320. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/cid\/ciaa1805.","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"5\u20136","key":"5408_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"668","DOI":"10.1080\/1040841x.2019.1681933","volume":"45","author":"D Han","year":"2019","unstructured":"Han D, Li Z, Li R, Tan P, Zhang R, Li J. mNGS in clinical microbiology laboratories: on the road to maturity. Crit Rev Microbiol. 2019;45(5\u20136):668\u201385. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/1040841x.2019.1681933.","journal-title":"Crit Rev Microbiol"},{"key":"5408_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Murugesan K, Hogan CA, Palmer Z, Reeve B, Theron G, Andama A, et al. Investigation of Preanalytical Variables Impacting Pathogen Cell-Free DNA in Blood and Urine. J Clin Microbiol. 2019;57(11). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/jcm.00782-19.","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.00782-19"},{"issue":"10","key":"5408_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1186\/s13059-014-0487-y","volume":"15","author":"K Bittinger","year":"2014","unstructured":"Bittinger K, Charlson ES, Loy E, Shirley DJ, Haas AR, Laughlin A, et al. Improved characterization of medically relevant fungi in the human respiratory tract using next-generation sequencing. Genome Biol. 2014;15(10):487. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13059-014-0487-y.","journal-title":"Genome Biol"},{"issue":"7","key":"5408_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"846","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.202202-0274OC","volume":"206","author":"RFJ Kullberg","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kullberg RFJ, de Brabander J, Boers LS, Biemond JJ, Nossent EJ, Heunks LMA, et al. Lung Microbiota of Critically Ill Patients with COVID-19 Are Associated with Nonresolving Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2022;206(7):846\u201356. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1164\/rccm.202202-0274OC.","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"5408_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16031","DOI":"10.1038\/nmicrobiol.2016.31","volume":"1","author":"LN Segal","year":"2016","unstructured":"Segal LN, Clemente JC, Tsay JC, Koralov SB, Keller BC, Wu BG, et al. Enrichment of the lung microbiome with oral taxa is associated with lung inflammation of a Th17 phenotype. Nat Microbiol. 2016;1:16031. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nmicrobiol.2016.31.","journal-title":"Nat Microbiol"},{"key":"5408_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Dropulic LK, Lederman HM. Overview of Infections in the Immunocompromised Host. Microbiol Spectr. 2016;4(4). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/microbiolspec.DMIH2-0026-2016.","DOI":"10.1128\/microbiolspec.DMIH2-0026-2016"},{"issue":"10","key":"5408_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"787","DOI":"10.1080\/14787210.2019.1671823","volume":"17","author":"C Cill\u00f3niz","year":"2019","unstructured":"Cill\u00f3niz C, Domined\u00f2 C, \u00c1lvarez-Mart\u00ednez MJ, Moreno A, Garc\u00eda F, Torres A, et al. Pneumocystis pneumonia in the twenty-first century: HIV-infected versus HIV-uninfected patients. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther. 2019;17(10):787\u2013801. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/14787210.2019.1671823.","journal-title":"Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther"},{"key":"5408_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1583951","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/1583951","volume":"2016","author":"J Sun","year":"2016","unstructured":"Sun J, Su J, Xie Y, Yin MT, Huang Y, Xu L, et al. Plasma IL-6\/IL-10 Ratio and IL-8, LDH, and HBDH Level Predict the Severity and the Risk of Death in AIDS Patients with Pneumocystis Pneumonia. J Immunol Res. 2016;2016:1583951. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2016\/1583951.","journal-title":"J Immunol Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"5408_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cir335","volume":"53","author":"PE Sax","year":"2011","unstructured":"Sax PE, Komarow L, Finkelman MA, Grant PM, Andersen J, Scully E, et al. Blood (1->3)-beta-D-glucan as a diagnostic test for HIV-related Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia. Clin Infect Dis. 2011;53(2):197\u2013202. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/cid\/cir335.","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"}],"container-title":["BMC Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12866-026-05408-7","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12866-026-05408-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12866-026-05408-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T22:37:47Z","timestamp":1791326267000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1186\/s12866-026-05408-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["5408"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12866-026-05408-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2180"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2180","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]]},"assertion":[{"value":"10 October 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"9 July 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"13 July 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Ethical approval was granted by the Medical Ethics Committee of West China Hospital, Sichuan University (No. 2023\u2009\u2212\u2009890). Written informed consent was obtained from all participants or legal guardians in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent for publication","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"870"}}