{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,6]],"date-time":"2026-09-06T04:57:54Z","timestamp":1788670674824,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":136,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,15]],"date-time":"2021-02-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1613347200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,15]],"date-time":"2021-02-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1613347200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Projekt DEAL"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Neurosci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>There is growing evidence for a positive correlation between measures of muscular strength and cognitive abilities. However, the neurophysiological correlates of this relationship are not well understood so far. The aim of this study was to investigate cortical hemodynamics [i.e., changes in concentrations of oxygenated (oxyHb) and deoxygenated hemoglobin (deoxyHb)] as a possible link between measures of muscular strength and cognitive performance.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>In a cohort of younger adults (n\u2009=\u200939, 18\u201330\u00a0years), we assessed (i) handgrip strength by a handhold dynamometer, (ii) short-term working memory performance by using error rates and reaction times in the Sternberg task, and (iii) cortical hemodynamics of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) via functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>We observed low to moderate negative correlations (r<jats:sub>p<\/jats:sub>\u2009=\u2009\u2009~\u2009\u2212\u20090.38 to \u2212\u20090.51; p\u2009&lt;\u20090.05) between reaction time and levels of oxyHb in specific parts of the PFC. Furthermore, we noticed low to moderate positive correlations (r<jats:sub>p<\/jats:sub>\u2009=\u2009\u2009~\u20090.34 to 0.45; p\u2009&lt;\u20090.05) between reaction times and levels of deoxyHb in distinct parts of the PFC. Additionally, higher levels of oxyHb (r<jats:sub>p<\/jats:sub> (35)\u2009=\u20090.401; p\u2009=\u20090.014) and lower levels of deoxyHb (r<jats:sub>p<\/jats:sub> (34)\u2009=\u2009\u2212\u20090.338; p\u2009=\u20090.043) in specific parts of the PFC were linked to higher percentage of correct answers. We also found low to moderate correlations (p\u2009&lt;\u20090.05) between measures of handgrip strength and levels of oxyHb (r<jats:sub>p<\/jats:sub>\u2009=\u2009\u2009~\u20090.35; p\u2009&lt;\u20090.05) and levels of deoxyHb (r<jats:sub>p<\/jats:sub>\u2009=\u2009\u2009~\u2009\u2212\u20090.25 to \u2212\u20090.49; p\u2009&lt;\u20090.05) in specific parts of the PFC. However, there was neither a correlation between cognitive performance and handgrip strength nor did cortical hemodynamics in the PFC mediate the relationship between handgrip strength and cognitive performance (p\u2009&gt;\u20090.05).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The present study provides evidence for a positive neurobehavioral relationship between cortical hemodynamics and cognitive performance. Our\u00a0findings\u00a0further imply that in younger adults higher levels of handgrip strength positively\u00a0influence cortical hemodynamics although the latter did not necessarily culminate in better cognitive performance. Future research should examine whether the present findings can be generalized to other cohorts (e.g., older adults).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12868-021-00615-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,17]],"date-time":"2021-02-17T15:51:38Z","timestamp":1613577098000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Cortical hemodynamics as a function of handgrip strength and cognitive performance: a cross-sectional fNIRS study in younger adults"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3453-090X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fabian","family":"Herold","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tom","family":"Behrendt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"T\u00f6rpel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dennis","family":"Hamacher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Notger G.","family":"M\u00fcller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lutz","family":"Schega","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"615_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1676","DOI":"10.1186\/s11556-019-0217-2","volume":"16","author":"F Herold","year":"2019","unstructured":"Herold F, T\u00f6rpel A, Schega L, M\u00fcller NG. Functional and\/or structural brain changes in response to resistance exercises and resistance training lead to cognitive improvements\u2014a systematic review. Eur Rev Aging Phys Act. 2019;16:1676. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s11556-019-0217-2.","journal-title":"Eur Rev Aging Phys Act"},{"key":"615_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-181079","author":"KJ Marston","year":"2019","unstructured":"Marston KJ, Brown BM, Rainey-Smith SR, Peiffer JJ. Resistance exercise-induced responses in physiological factors linked with cognitive health. J Alzheimers Dis. 2019. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/JAD-181079.","journal-title":"J Alzheimers Dis"},{"key":"615_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00426-019-01145-x","author":"J-F Landrigan","year":"2019","unstructured":"Landrigan J-F, Bell T, Crowe M, Clay OJ, Mirman D. Lifting cognition: a meta-analysis of effects of resistance exercise on cognition. Psychol Res. 2019. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00426-019-01145-x.","journal-title":"Psychol Res"},{"key":"615_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.1007\/s41465-018-0079-y","volume":"56","author":"K Soga","year":"2018","unstructured":"Soga K, Masaki H, Gerber M, Ludyga S. Acute and long-term effects of resistance training on executive function. J Cogn Enhanc. 2018;56:729. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s41465-018-0079-y.","journal-title":"J Cogn Enhanc"},{"key":"615_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205031212091035","DOI":"10.1177\/2050312120910358","volume":"8","author":"R McGrath","year":"2020","unstructured":"McGrath R, Johnson N, Klawitter L, Mahoney S, Trautman K, Carlson C, et al. What are the association patterns between handgrip strength and adverse health conditions? A topical review. SAGE Open Med. 2020;8:2050312120910358. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/2050312120910358.","journal-title":"SAGE Open Med"},{"key":"615_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-018-0952-y","author":"RP McGrath","year":"2018","unstructured":"McGrath RP, Kraemer WJ, Snih SA, Peterson MD. Handgrip strength and health in aging adults. Sports Med. 2018. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40279-018-0952-y.","journal-title":"Sports Med"},{"key":"615_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jshs.2020.06.009","author":"P Soysal","year":"2020","unstructured":"Soysal P, Hurst C, Demurtas J, Firth J, Howden R, Yang L, et al. Handgrip strength and health outcomes: umbrella review of systematic reviews with meta-analyses of observational studies. J Sport Health Sci. 2020. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jshs.2020.06.009.","journal-title":"J Sport Health Sci"},{"key":"615_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1681","DOI":"10.2147\/CIA.S194543","volume":"14","author":"RW Bohannon","year":"2019","unstructured":"Bohannon RW. Grip strength: an indispensable biomarker for older adults. CIA. 2019;14:1681\u201391. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/CIA.S194543.","journal-title":"CIA"},{"key":"615_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2018.07.023","volume":"71","author":"RG Carson","year":"2018","unstructured":"Carson RG. Get a grip: individual variations in grip strength are a marker of brain health. Neurobiol Aging. 2018;71:189\u2013222. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2018.07.023.","journal-title":"Neurobiol Aging"},{"key":"615_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2017.01.004","volume":"35","author":"NE Fritz","year":"2017","unstructured":"Fritz NE, McCarthy CJ, Adamo DE. Handgrip strength as a means of monitoring progression of cognitive decline\u2014a scoping review. Ageing Res Rev. 2017;35:112\u201323. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.arr.2017.01.004.","journal-title":"Ageing Res Rev"},{"key":"615_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-190856","author":"KA Shaughnessy","year":"2020","unstructured":"Shaughnessy KA, Hackney KJ, Clark BC, Kraemer WJ, Terbizan DJ, Bailey RR, McGrath R. A narrative review of handgrip strength and cognitive functioning: bringing a new characteristic to muscle memory. J Alzheimers Dis. 2020. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/JAD-190856.","journal-title":"J Alzheimers Dis"},{"key":"615_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"859","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/61.8.859","volume":"61","author":"A Alfaro-Acha","year":"2006","unstructured":"Alfaro-Acha A, Al Snih S, Raji MA, Kuo Y-F, Markides KS, Ottenbacher KJ. Handgrip strength and cognitive decline in older Mexican Americans. J Gerontol Ser A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2006;61:859\u201365.","journal-title":"J Gerontol Ser A Biol Sci Med Sci"},{"key":"615_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-190042","author":"R McGrath","year":"2019","unstructured":"McGrath R, Robinson-Lane SG, Cook S, Clark BC, Herrmann S, O\u2019Connor ML, Hackney KJ. Handgrip strength is associated with poorer cognitive functioning in aging Americans. J Alzheimers Dis. 2019. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/JAD-190042.","journal-title":"J Alzheimers Dis"},{"key":"615_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.1093\/geronb\/gbv017","volume":"71","author":"O Stern\u00e4ng","year":"2016","unstructured":"Stern\u00e4ng O, Reynolds CA, Finkel D, Ernsth-Bravell M, Pedersen NL, Dahl Aslan AK. Grip strength and cognitive abilities: associations in old age. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci. 2016;71:841\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/geronb\/gbv017.","journal-title":"J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci"},{"key":"615_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2019.08.032","author":"R McGrath","year":"2019","unstructured":"McGrath R, Vincent BM, Hackney KJ, Robinson-Lane SG, Downer B, Clark BC. The longitudinal associations of handgrip strength and cognitive function in aging Americans. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2019. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jamda.2019.08.032.","journal-title":"J Am Med Dir Assoc"},{"key":"615_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-019-1199-7","volume":"19","author":"M-Y Chou","year":"2019","unstructured":"Chou M-Y, Nishita Y, Nakagawa T, Tange C, Tomida M, Shimokata H, et al. Role of gait speed and grip strength in predicting 10-year cognitive decline among community-dwelling older people. BMC Geriatr. 2019;19:186. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12877-019-1199-7.","journal-title":"BMC Geriatr"},{"key":"615_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.4082\/kjfm.17.0074","volume":"40","author":"KH Kim","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kim KH, Park SK, Lee DR, Lee J. The relationship between handgrip strength and cognitive function in elderly Koreans over 8 years: a prospective population-based study using Korean longitudinal study of ageing. Korean J Fam Med. 2019;40:9\u201315. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4082\/kjfm.17.0074.","journal-title":"Korean J Fam Med"},{"key":"615_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1007\/s12603-016-0816-9","volume":"21","author":"G Viscogliosi","year":"2017","unstructured":"Viscogliosi G, Di Bernardo MG, Ettorre E, Chiriac IM. Handgrip strength predicts longitudinal changes in clock drawing test performance. An observational study in a sample of older non-demented adults. J Nutr Health Aging. 2017;21:593\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12603-016-0816-9.","journal-title":"J Nutr Health Aging"},{"key":"615_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.16556","author":"R McGrath","year":"2020","unstructured":"McGrath R, Cawthon PM, Cesari M, Al Snih S, Clark BC. Handgrip strength asymmetry and weakness are associated with lower cognitive function: a panel study. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2020. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jgs.16556.","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"615_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2018.0503","author":"J Firth","year":"2018","unstructured":"Firth J, Firth JA, Stubbs B, Vancampfort D, Schuch FB, Hallgren M, et al. Association between muscular strength and cognition in people with major depression or bipolar disorder and healthy controls. JAMA Psychiatry. 2018. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2018.0503.","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"key":"615_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"728","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sby034","volume":"44","author":"J Firth","year":"2018","unstructured":"Firth J, Stubbs B, Vancampfort D, Firth JA, Large M, Rosenbaum S, et al. Grip strength is associated with cognitive performance in schizophrenia and the general population: a UK biobank study of 476559 participants. Schizophr Bull. 2018;44:728\u201336. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/schbul\/sby034.","journal-title":"Schizophr Bull"},{"key":"615_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3911","DOI":"10.1589\/jpts.27.3911","volume":"27","author":"JY Jang","year":"2015","unstructured":"Jang JY, Kim J. Association between handgrip strength and cognitive impairment in elderly Koreans: a population-based cross-sectional study. J Phys Ther Sci. 2015;27:3911\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1589\/jpts.27.3911.","journal-title":"J Phys Ther Sci"},{"key":"615_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1026","DOI":"10.1111\/ggi.12050","volume":"13","author":"R Pedrero-Chamizo","year":"2013","unstructured":"Pedrero-Chamizo R, Albers U, Tobaruela JL, Mel\u00e9ndez A, Castillo MJ, Gonz\u00e1lez-Gross M. Physical strength is associated with mini-mental state examination scores in Spanish institutionalized elderly. Geriatr Gerontol Int. 2013;13:1026\u201334. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ggi.12050.","journal-title":"Geriatr Gerontol Int"},{"key":"615_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1800","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.13000","volume":"62","author":"U Ukegbu","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ukegbu U, Maselko J, Malhotra R, Perera B, Ostbye T. Correlates of handgrip strength and activities of daily living in elderly Sri Lankans. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2014;62:1800\u20131. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jgs.13000.","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"615_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/geronb\/gbz072","author":"AR Zammit","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zammit AR, Piccinin AM, Duggan EC, Koval A, Clouston S, Robitaille A, et al. A coordinated multi-study analysis of the longitudinal association between handgrip strength and cognitive function in older adults. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci. 2019. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/geronb\/gbz072.","journal-title":"J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci"},{"key":"615_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1016\/j.als.2016.11.008","volume":"10","author":"AK Choudhary","year":"2016","unstructured":"Choudhary AK, Jiwane R, Alam T, Kishanrao SS. Grip strength and impact on cognitive function in healthy kitchen workers. Achiev Life Sci. 2016;10:168\u201374. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.als.2016.11.008.","journal-title":"Achiev Life Sci"},{"key":"615_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0232021","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0232021","volume":"15","author":"DE Adamo","year":"2020","unstructured":"Adamo DE, Anderson T, Koochaki M, Fritz NE. Declines in grip strength may indicate early changes in cognition in healthy middle-aged adults. PLoS ONE. 2020;15:e0232021. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0232021.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"615_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci9020038","author":"NF Agbangla","year":"2019","unstructured":"Agbangla NF, Audiffren M, Pylouster J, Albinet C. Working memory, cognitive load and cardiorespiratory fitness: testing the CRUNCHModel with near-infrared spectroscopy. Brain Sci. 2019. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/brainsci9020038.","journal-title":"Brain Sci"},{"key":"615_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2015.00066","volume":"9","author":"O Dupuy","year":"2015","unstructured":"Dupuy O, Gauthier CJ, Fraser SA, Desjardins-Crepeau L, Desjardins M, Mekary S, et al. Higher levels of cardiovascular fitness are associated with better executive function and prefrontal oxygenation in younger and older women. Front Hum Neurosci. 2015;9:66. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnhum.2015.00066.","journal-title":"Front Hum Neurosci"},{"key":"615_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"273185","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2014.00272","volume":"6","author":"CT Albinet","year":"2014","unstructured":"Albinet CT, Mandrick K, Bernard PL, Perrey S, Blain H. Improved cerebral oxygenation response and executive performance as a function of cardiorespiratory fitness in older women: a fNIRS study. Front Aging Neurosci. 2014;6:273185. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnagi.2014.00272.","journal-title":"Front Aging Neurosci"},{"key":"615_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2015.09.062","volume":"125","author":"K Hyodo","year":"2016","unstructured":"Hyodo K, Dan I, Kyutoku Y, Suwabe K, Byun K, Ochi G, et al. The association between aerobic fitness and cognitive function in older men mediated by frontal lateralization. NeuroImage. 2016;125:291\u2013300. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2015.09.062.","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"615_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11357-019-00128-5","author":"S Mekari","year":"2019","unstructured":"Mekari S, Dupuy O, Martins R, Evans K, Kimmerly DS, Fraser S, Neyedli HF. The effects of cardiorespiratory fitness on executive function and prefrontal oxygenation in older adults. Geroscience. 2019. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11357-019-00128-5.","journal-title":"Geroscience"},{"key":"615_CR33","volume-title":"Manual for the Beck depression inventory-II","author":"AT Beck","year":"1996","unstructured":"Beck AT, Steer RA, Brown GK. Manual for the Beck depression inventory-II. San Antonio: Psychological Corporation; 1996."},{"key":"615_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-1781(89)90047-4","volume":"28","author":"DJ Buysse","year":"1989","unstructured":"Buysse DJ, Reynolds CF, Monk TH, Berman SR, Kupfer DJ. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index: a new instrument for psychiatric practice and research. Psychiatry Res. 1989;28:193\u2013213. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0165-1781(89)90047-4.","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"key":"615_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1026\/0943-8149\/a000137","volume":"23","author":"R Fuchs","year":"2015","unstructured":"Fuchs R, Klaperski S, Gerber M, Seelig H. Messung der Bewegungs- und Sportaktivit\u00e4t mit dem BSA-Fragebogen. Zeitschrift f\u00fcr Gesundheitspsychologie. 2015;23:60\u201376. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1026\/0943-8149\/a000137.","journal-title":"Zeitschrift f\u00fcr Gesundheitspsychologie"},{"key":"615_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2277","DOI":"10.1038\/nprot.2006.390","volume":"1","author":"CR Bowie","year":"2006","unstructured":"Bowie CR, Harvey PD. Administration and interpretation of the trail making test. Nat Protoc. 2006;1:2277\u201381. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nprot.2006.390.","journal-title":"Nat Protoc"},{"key":"615_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4679(199808)54:5<585::AID-JCLP4>3.3.CO;2-M","volume":"54","author":"SF Crowe","year":"1998","unstructured":"Crowe SF. The differential contribution of mental tracking, cognitive flexibility, visual search, and motor speed to performance on parts A and B of the trail making test. J Clin Psychol. 1998;54:585\u201391. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4679(199808)54:5%3c585::AID-JCLP4%3e3.3.CO;2-M.","journal-title":"J Clin Psychol"},{"key":"615_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-4679(198707)43:4<402::AID-JCLP2270430411>3.0.CO;2-E","volume":"43","author":"JD Corrigan","year":"1987","unstructured":"Corrigan JD, Hinkeldey NS. Relationships between parts A and B of the trail making test. J Clin Psychol. 1987;43:402\u20139.","journal-title":"J Clin Psychol"},{"key":"615_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/0028-3932(71)90067-4","volume":"9","author":"RC Oldfield","year":"1971","unstructured":"Oldfield RC. The assessment and analysis of handedness: the Edinburgh inventory. Neuropsychologia. 1971;9:97\u2013113. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0028-3932(71)90067-4.","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"key":"615_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0924-2708.2004.00087.x","volume":"16","author":"M Dragovic","year":"2004","unstructured":"Dragovic M. Categorization and validation of handedness using latent class analysis. Acta Neuropsychiatr. 2004;16:212\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.0924-2708.2004.00087.x.","journal-title":"Acta Neuropsychiatr"},{"key":"615_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afr051","volume":"40","author":"HC Roberts","year":"2011","unstructured":"Roberts HC, Denison HJ, Martin HJ, Patel HP, Syddall H, Cooper C, Sayer AA. A review of the measurement of grip strength in clinical and epidemiological studies: towards a standardised approach. Age Ageing. 2011;40:423\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ageing\/afr051.","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"key":"615_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.20900\/agmr20200005","author":"R McGrath","year":"2020","unstructured":"McGrath R, Hackney KJ, Ratamess NA, Vincent BM, Clark BC, Kraemer WJ. Absolute and body mass index normalized handgrip strength percentiles by gender, ethnicity, and hand dominance in Americans. Adv Geriatr Med Res. 2020. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.20900\/agmr20200005.","journal-title":"Adv Geriatr Med Res"},{"key":"615_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glz081","author":"PM Cawthon","year":"2019","unstructured":"Cawthon PM, Travison TG, Manini TM, Patel S, Pencina KM, Fielding RA, et al. Establishing the link between lean mass and grip strength cut-points with mobility disability and other health outcomes: proceedings of the sarcopenia definition and outcomes consortium conference. J Gerontol Ser A. 2019. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/gerona\/glz081.","journal-title":"J Gerontol Ser A"},{"key":"615_CR44","first-page":"421","volume":"57","author":"S Sternberg","year":"1969","unstructured":"Sternberg S. Memory-scanning: mental processes revealed by reaction-time experiments. Am Sci. 1969;57:421\u201357.","journal-title":"Am Sci"},{"key":"615_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2014.04.056","volume":"270","author":"L Holper","year":"2014","unstructured":"Holper L, Scholkmann F, Wolf M. The relationship between sympathetic nervous activity and cerebral hemodynamics and oxygenation: a study using skin conductance measurement and functional near-infrared spectroscopy. Behav Brain Res. 2014;270:95\u2013107. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bbr.2014.04.056.","journal-title":"Behav Brain Res"},{"key":"615_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pscychresns.2006.08.002","volume":"154","author":"M Altamura","year":"2007","unstructured":"Altamura M, Elvevag B, Blasi G, Bertolino A, Callicott JH, Weinberger DR, et al. Dissociating the effects of Sternberg working memory demands in prefrontal cortex. Psychiatry Res. 2007;154:103\u201314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pscychresns.2006.08.002.","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"key":"615_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1007\/s002210000395","volume":"133","author":"M D\u2019Esposito","year":"2000","unstructured":"D\u2019Esposito M, Postle BR, Rypma B. Prefrontal cortical contributions to working memory: evidence from event-related fMRI studies. Exp Brain Res. 2000;133:3\u201311. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s002210000395.","journal-title":"Exp Brain Res"},{"key":"615_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"721","DOI":"10.1162\/08989290260138627","volume":"14","author":"B Rypma","year":"2002","unstructured":"Rypma B, Berger JS, D\u2019Esposito M. The influence of working-memory demand and subject performance on prefrontal cortical activity. J Cogn Neurosci. 2002;14:721\u201331. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1162\/08989290260138627.","journal-title":"J Cogn Neurosci"},{"key":"615_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1038\/74889","volume":"3","author":"B Rypma","year":"2000","unstructured":"Rypma B, D\u2019Esposito M. Isolating the neural mechanisms of age-related changes in human working memory. Nat Neurosci. 2000;3:509\u201315. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/74889.","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"key":"615_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17588928.2019.1694500","author":"AM Shah","year":"2019","unstructured":"Shah AM, Grotzinger H, Kaczmarzyk JR, Powell LJ, Y\u00fccel MA, Gabrieli JDE, Hubbard NA. Fixed and flexible: dynamic prefrontal activations and working memory capacity relationships vary with memory demand. Cogn Neurosci. 2019. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/17588928.2019.1694500.","journal-title":"Cogn Neurosci"},{"key":"615_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.3758\/s13428-018-01193-y","volume":"51","author":"J Peirce","year":"2019","unstructured":"Peirce J, Gray JR, Simpson S, MacAskill M, H\u00f6chenberger R, Sogo H, et al. PsychoPy2: experiments in behavior made easy. Behav Res Methods. 2019;51:195\u2013203. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3758\/s13428-018-01193-y.","journal-title":"Behav Res Methods"},{"key":"615_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2006.11.017","volume":"162","author":"JW Peirce","year":"2007","unstructured":"Peirce JW. PsychoPy\u2014psychophysics software in Python. J Neurosci Methods. 2007;162:8\u201313. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2006.11.017.","journal-title":"J Neurosci Methods"},{"key":"615_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.3389\/neuro.11.010.2008","volume":"2","author":"JW Peirce","year":"2008","unstructured":"Peirce JW. Generating stimuli for neuroscience using PsychoPy. Front Neuroinform. 2008;2:10. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/neuro.11.010.2008.","journal-title":"Front Neuroinform"},{"key":"615_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm7120466","author":"F Herold","year":"2018","unstructured":"Herold F, Wiegel P, Scholkmann F, M\u00fcller NG. Applications of functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) neuroimaging in exercise-cognition science: a systematic, methodology-focused review. J Clin Med. 2018. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm7120466.","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"615_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmpb.2013.07.024","volume":"113","author":"MP Tarvainen","year":"2014","unstructured":"Tarvainen MP, Niskanen J-P, Lipponen JA, Ranta-Aho PO, Karjalainen PA. Kubios HRV\u2014heart rate variability analysis software. Comput Methods Programs Biomed. 2014;113:210\u201320. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cmpb.2013.07.024.","journal-title":"Comput Methods Programs Biomed"},{"key":"615_CR56","unstructured":"Tarvainen MP, Lipponen JA, Niskanen J-P, Ranta-Aho PO. Kubios HRV: user\u2019s guide. 2017."},{"key":"615_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0210216","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0210216","volume":"14","author":"TLW de Sousa","year":"2019","unstructured":"de Sousa TLW, Di Ostoli TLVP, Sperandio EF, Arantes RL, Gagliardi ARDT, Romiti M, et al. Dose-response relationship between very vigorous physical activity and cardiovascular health assessed by heart rate variability in adults: cross-sectional results from the EPIMOV study. PLoS ONE. 2019;14:e0210216. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0210216.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"615_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/17.suppl_2.28","volume":"17","author":"Task Force of The European Society of Cardiology and The North American Society of Pacing and Electrophysiology","year":"1996","unstructured":"Task Force of The European Society of Cardiology and The North American Society of Pacing and Electrophysiology. Heart rate variability. Eur Heart J. 1996;17:28\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/eurheartj\/17.suppl_2.28.","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"615_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41403","DOI":"10.1117\/1.NPh.4.4.041403","volume":"4","author":"F Herold","year":"2017","unstructured":"Herold F, Wiegel P, Scholkmann F, Thiers A, Hamacher D, Schega L. Functional near-infrared spectroscopy in movement science: a systematic review on cortical activity in postural and walking tasks. Neurophoton. 2017;4:41403. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1117\/1.NPh.4.4.041403.","journal-title":"Neurophoton"},{"key":"615_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2013.05.004","volume":"85","author":"F Scholkmann","year":"2014","unstructured":"Scholkmann F, Kleiser S, Metz AJ, Zimmermann R, Mata Pavia J, Wolf U, Wolf M. A review on continuous wave functional near-infrared spectroscopy and imaging instrumentation and methodology. NeuroImage. 2014;85:6\u201327. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2013.05.004.","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"615_CR61","first-page":"6","volume":"24","author":"F Scholkmann","year":"2012","unstructured":"Scholkmann F, Wolf M. Measuring brain activity using functional near infrared spectroscopy: a short review. Spectrosc Eur. 2012;24:6\u201310.","journal-title":"Spectrosc Eur"},{"key":"615_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nyas.13948","author":"P Pinti","year":"2018","unstructured":"Pinti P, Tachtsidis I, Hamilton A, Hirsch J, Aichelburg C, Gilbert S, Burgess PW. The present and future use of functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) for cognitive neuroscience. Ann NY Acad Sci. 2018. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/nyas.13948.","journal-title":"Ann NY Acad Sci"},{"key":"615_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2017.07.003","author":"NF Agbangla","year":"2017","unstructured":"Agbangla NF, Audiffren M, Albinet CT. Use of Near-infrared Spectroscopy in the investigation of brain activation during cognitive aging: a systematic review of an emerging area of research. Ageing Res Rev. 2017. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.arr.2017.07.003.","journal-title":"Ageing Res Rev"},{"key":"615_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymeth.2008.04.005","volume":"45","author":"S Perrey","year":"2008","unstructured":"Perrey S. Non-invasive NIR spectroscopy of human brain function during exercise. Methods. 2008;45:289\u201399. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ymeth.2008.04.005.","journal-title":"Methods"},{"key":"615_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1123\/jsep.31.4.505","volume":"31","author":"P Ekkekakis","year":"2009","unstructured":"Ekkekakis P. Illuminating the black box: investigating prefrontal cortical hemodynamics during exercise with near-infrared spectroscopy. J Sport Exerc Psychol. 2009;31:505\u201353.","journal-title":"J Sport Exerc Psychol"},{"key":"615_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-323-48067-3.00002-0","volume-title":"Neurophotonics and biomedical spectroscopy","author":"S Fantini","year":"2019","unstructured":"Fantini S, Ruesch A, Kainerstorfer JM. Noninvasive optical studies of the brain. In: Neurophotonics and biomedical spectroscopy. Amsterdam: Elsevier; 2019. p. 25\u201352. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/B978-0-323-48067-3.00002-0."},{"key":"615_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1600","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2006.09.024","volume":"34","author":"V Jurcak","year":"2007","unstructured":"Jurcak V, Tsuzuki D, Dan I. 10\/20, 10\/10, and 10\/5 systems revisited: their validity as relative head-surface-based positioning systems. NeuroImage. 2007;34:1600\u201311. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2006.09.024.","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"615_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3341","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-21716-z","volume":"8","author":"GA Zimeo Morais","year":"2018","unstructured":"Zimeo Morais GA, Balardin JB, Sato JR. fNIRS Optodes\u2019 location decider (fOLD): a toolbox for probe arrangement guided by brain regions-of-interest. Sci Rep. 2018;8:3341. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-018-21716-z.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"615_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1155\/2000\/421719","volume":"12","author":"C Rorden","year":"2000","unstructured":"Rorden C, Brett M. Stereotaxic display of brain lesions. Behav Neurol. 2000;12:191\u2013200. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2000\/421719.","journal-title":"Behav Neurol"},{"key":"615_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1364\/AO.48.00D280","volume":"48","author":"TJ Huppert","year":"2009","unstructured":"Huppert TJ, Diamond SG, Franceschini MA, Boas DA. HomER: a review of time-series analysis methods for near-infrared spectroscopy of the brain. Appl Opt. 2009;48:98.","journal-title":"Appl Opt"},{"key":"615_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43704","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2018.00505","volume":"12","author":"P Pinti","year":"2019","unstructured":"Pinti P, Scholkmann F, Hamilton A, Burgess P, Tachtsidis I. Current status and issues regarding pre-processing of fNIRS neuroimaging data: an investigation of diverse signal filtering methods within a general linear model framework. Front Hum Neurosci. 2019;12:43704. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnhum.2018.00505.","journal-title":"Front Hum Neurosci"},{"key":"615_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2013.04.082","volume":"85","author":"S Brigadoi","year":"2014","unstructured":"Brigadoi S, Ceccherini L, Cutini S, Scarpa F, Scatturin P, Selb J, et al. Motion artifacts in functional near-infrared spectroscopy: a comparison of motion correction techniques applied to real cognitive data. NeuroImage. 2014;85:181\u201391. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2013.04.082.","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"615_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1088\/0967-3334\/33\/2\/259","volume":"33","author":"B Molavi","year":"2012","unstructured":"Molavi B, Dumont GA. Wavelet-based motion artifact removal for functional near-infrared spectroscopy. Physiol Meas. 2012;33:259\u201370. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/0967-3334\/33\/2\/259.","journal-title":"Physiol Meas"},{"key":"615_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0165226","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-019-05646-4","volume":"11","author":"O Seidel","year":"2019","unstructured":"Seidel O, Carius D, Roediger J, Rumpf S, Ragert P. Changes in neurovascular coupling during cycling exercise measured by multi-distance fNIRS: a comparison between endurance athletes and physically active controls. Exp Brain Res. 2019;11:e0165226. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00221-019-05646-4.","journal-title":"Exp Brain Res"},{"key":"615_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2019.134604","author":"D Carius","year":"2019","unstructured":"Carius D, H\u00f6rnig L, Ragert P, Kaminski E. Characterizing cortical hemodynamic changes during climbing and its relation to climbing expertise. Neurosci Lett. 2019. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neulet.2019.134604.","journal-title":"Neurosci Lett"},{"key":"615_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10548-019-00699-8","author":"F Herold","year":"2019","unstructured":"Herold F, Aye N, Hamacher D, Schega L. Towards the neuromotor control processes of steady-state and speed-matched treadmill and overground walking. Brain Topogr. 2019. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10548-019-00699-8.","journal-title":"Brain Topogr"},{"key":"615_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0122862","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0122862","volume":"10","author":"IM Wiggins","year":"2015","unstructured":"Wiggins IM, Hartley DEH. A synchrony-dependent influence of sounds on activity in visual cortex measured using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). PLoS ONE. 2015;10:e0122862. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0122862.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"615_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105004","DOI":"10.1117\/1.JBO.18.10.105004","volume":"18","author":"F Scholkmann","year":"2013","unstructured":"Scholkmann F, Wolf M. General equation for the differential pathlength factor of the frontal human head depending on wavelength and age. J Biomed Opt. 2013;18:105004. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1117\/1.JBO.18.10.105004.","journal-title":"J Biomed Opt"},{"key":"615_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cobme.2017.09.011","volume":"4","author":"MA Y\u00fccel","year":"2017","unstructured":"Y\u00fccel MA, Selb JJ, Huppert TJ, Franceschini MA, Boas DA. Functional near infrared spectroscopy: enabling routine functional brain imaging. Curr Opin Biomed Eng. 2017;4:78\u201386. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cobme.2017.09.011.","journal-title":"Curr Opin Biomed Eng"},{"key":"615_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30401","DOI":"10.1117\/1.NPh.3.3.030401","volume":"3","author":"I Tachtsidis","year":"2016","unstructured":"Tachtsidis I, Scholkmann F. False positives and false negatives in functional near-infrared spectroscopy: issues, challenges, and the way forward. Neurophotonics. 2016;3:30401. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1117\/1.NPh.3.3.030401.","journal-title":"Neurophotonics"},{"key":"615_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2008.08.036","volume":"44","author":"JC Ye","year":"2009","unstructured":"Ye JC, Tak S, Jang KE, Jung J, Jang J. NIRS-SPM: statistical parametric mapping for near-infrared spectroscopy. NeuroImage. 2009;44:428\u201347. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2008.08.036.","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"615_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1362","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2011.03.001","volume":"56","author":"L Gagnon","year":"2011","unstructured":"Gagnon L, Perdue K, Greve DN, Goldenholz D, Kaskhedikar G, Boas DA. Improved recovery of the hemodynamic response in diffuse optical imaging using short optode separations and state-space modeling. NeuroImage. 2011;56:1362\u201371. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2011.03.001.","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"615_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"eaat3807","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.aat3807","volume":"4","author":"A Nemani","year":"2018","unstructured":"Nemani A, Y\u00fccel MA, Kruger U, Gee DW, Cooper C, Schwaitzberg SD, et al. Assessing bimanual motor skills with optical neuroimaging. Sci Adv. 2018;4:eaat3807. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/sciadv.aat3807.","journal-title":"Sci Adv"},{"key":"615_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9533","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-09868-w","volume":"7","author":"S Jahani","year":"2017","unstructured":"Jahani S, Fantana AL, Harper D, Ellison JM, Boas DA, Forester BP, Y\u00fccel MA. fNIRS can robustly measure brain activity during memory encoding and retrieval in healthy subjects. Sci Rep. 2017;7:9533. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-017-09868-w.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"615_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3078","DOI":"10.1364\/BOE.7.003078","volume":"7","author":"MA Y\u00fccel","year":"2016","unstructured":"Y\u00fccel MA, Selb J, Aasted CM, Lin P-Y, Borsook D, Becerra L, Boas DA. Mayer waves reduce the accuracy of estimated hemodynamic response functions in functional near-infrared spectroscopy. Biomed Opt Express. 2016;7:3078\u201388. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1364\/BOE.7.003078.","journal-title":"Biomed Opt Express"},{"key":"615_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35005","DOI":"10.1117\/1.NPh.2.3.035005","volume":"2","author":"MA Y\u00fccel","year":"2015","unstructured":"Y\u00fccel MA, Selb J, Aasted CM, Petkov MP, Becerra L, Borsook D, Boas DA. Short separation regression improves statistical significance and better localizes the hemodynamic response obtained by near-infrared spectroscopy for tasks with differing autonomic responses. Neurophotonics. 2015;2:35005. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1117\/1.NPh.2.3.035005.","journal-title":"Neurophotonics"},{"key":"615_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0165226","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0165226","volume":"11","author":"CM Aasted","year":"2016","unstructured":"Aasted CM, Y\u00fccel MA, Steele SC, Peng K, Boas DA, Becerra L, Borsook D. Frontal lobe hemodynamic responses to painful stimulation: a potential brain marker of nociception. PLoS ONE. 2016;11:e0165226. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0165226.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"615_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9469","DOI":"10.1038\/srep09469","volume":"5","author":"MA Y\u00fccel","year":"2015","unstructured":"Y\u00fccel MA, Aasted CM, Petkov MP, Borsook D, Boas DA, Becerra L. Specificity of hemodynamic brain responses to painful stimuli: a functional near-infrared spectroscopy study. Sci Rep. 2015;5:9469. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/srep09469.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"615_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116472","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2019.116472","volume":"208","author":"A von L\u00fchmann","year":"2019","unstructured":"von L\u00fchmann A, Li X, M\u00fcller K-R, Boas DA, Y\u00fccel MA. Improved physiological noise regression in fNIRS: a multimodal extension of the general linear model using temporally embedded canonical correlation analysis. NeuroImage. 2019;208:116472. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2019.116472.","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"615_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci10090643","volume":"10","author":"K-C Broscheid","year":"2020","unstructured":"Broscheid K-C, Hamacher D, Lamprecht J, Sailer M, Schega L. Inter-session reliability of functional near-infrared spectroscopy at the prefrontal cortex while walking in multiple sclerosis. Brain Sci. 2020;10:643. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/brainsci10090643.","journal-title":"Brain Sci"},{"key":"615_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15003","DOI":"10.1117\/1.NPh.5.1.015003","volume":"5","author":"S Jahani","year":"2018","unstructured":"Jahani S, Setarehdan SK, Boas DA, Y\u00fccel MA. Motion artifact detection and correction in functional near-infrared spectroscopy: a new hybrid method based on spline interpolation method and Savitzky\u2013Golay filtering. Neurophotonics. 2018;5:15003. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1117\/1.NPh.5.1.015003.","journal-title":"Neurophotonics"},{"key":"615_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2518","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2011.08.095","volume":"59","author":"L Gagnon","year":"2012","unstructured":"Gagnon L, Cooper RJ, Y\u00fccel MA, Perdue KL, Greve DN, Boas DA. Short separation channel location impacts the performance of short channel regression in NIRS. NeuroImage. 2012;59:2518\u201328. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2011.08.095.","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"615_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-003-1028-x","volume":"250","author":"IL Kwee","year":"2003","unstructured":"Kwee IL, Nakada T. Dorsolateral prefrontal lobe activation declines significantly with age\u2014functional NIRS study. J Neurol. 2003;250:525\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00415-003-1028-x.","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"key":"615_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jbio.201700120","author":"C Gao","year":"2017","unstructured":"Gao C, Sun J, Yang X, Gong H. Gender differences in brain networks during verbal Sternberg tasks: a simultaneous near-infrared spectroscopy and electro-encephalography study. J Biophotonics. 2017. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jbio.201700120.","journal-title":"J Biophotonics"},{"key":"615_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jshs.2012.02.002","volume":"1","author":"W Zhu","year":"2012","unstructured":"Zhu W. Sadly, the earth is still round (p < 0.05). J Sport Health Sci. 2012;1:9\u201311. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jshs.2012.02.002.","journal-title":"J Sport Health Sci"},{"key":"615_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jshs.2016.01.019","author":"W Zhu","year":"2016","unstructured":"Zhu W. p < 0.05, < 0.01, < 0.001, < 0.0001, < 0.00001, < 0.000001, or < 0.0000001 \u2026. J Sport Health Sci. 2016. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jshs.2016.01.019.","journal-title":"J Sport Health Sci"},{"key":"615_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.3227731","author":"A Alfons","year":"2018","unstructured":"Alfons A, Ates N, Groenen PJF. A robust bootstrap test for mediation analysis. SSRN J. 2018. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2139\/ssrn.3227731.","journal-title":"SSRN J"},{"key":"615_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1123\/jsep.2017-0307","volume":"40","author":"N Kaushal","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kaushal N, Rhodes RE, Meldrum JT, Spence JC. Mediating mechanisms in a physical activity intervention: a test of habit formation. J Sport Exerc Psychol. 2018;40:101\u201310. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1123\/jsep.2017-0307.","journal-title":"J Sport Exerc Psychol"},{"key":"615_CR99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2016.11.001","author":"AF Hayes","year":"2016","unstructured":"Hayes AF, Rockwood NJ. Regression-based statistical mediation and moderation analysis in clinical research: observations, recommendations, and implementation. Behav Res Ther. 2016. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.brat.2016.11.001.","journal-title":"Behav Res Ther"},{"key":"615_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1080\/03637750903310360","volume":"76","author":"AF Hayes","year":"2009","unstructured":"Hayes AF. Beyond Baron and Kenny: statistical mediation analysis in the new millennium. Commun Monogr. 2009;76:408\u201320. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/03637750903310360.","journal-title":"Commun Monogr"},{"key":"615_CR101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"532","DOI":"10.1037\/a0015808","volume":"40","author":"CJ Ferguson","year":"2009","unstructured":"Ferguson CJ. An effect size primer: a guide for clinicians and researchers. Prof Psychol Res Pract. 2009;40:532\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/a0015808.","journal-title":"Prof Psychol Res Pract"},{"key":"615_CR102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1111","DOI":"10.1007\/s11136-018-2050-x","volume":"28","author":"M von Glischinski","year":"2019","unstructured":"von Glischinski M, von Brachel R, Hirschfeld G. How depressed is \u201cdepressed\u201d? a systematic review and diagnostic meta-analysis of optimal cut points for the Beck depression inventory revised (BDI-II). Qual Life Res. 2019;28:1111\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11136-018-2050-x.","journal-title":"Qual Life Res"},{"key":"615_CR103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1037\/1040-3590.10.2.83","volume":"10","author":"DJA Dozois","year":"1998","unstructured":"Dozois DJA, Dobson KS, Ahnberg JL. A psychometric evaluation of the Beck depression inventory-II. Psychol Assess. 1998;10:83\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/1040-3590.10.2.83.","journal-title":"Psychol Assess"},{"key":"615_CR104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1451","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2020-102955","volume":"54","author":"FC Bull","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bull FC, Al-Ansari SS, Biddle S, Borodulin K, Buman MP, Cardon G, et al. World Health Organization 2020 guidelines on physical activity and sedentary behaviour. Br J Sports Med. 2020;54:1451\u201362. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bjsports-2020-102955.","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"key":"615_CR105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3999(02)00330-6","volume":"53","author":"J Backhaus","year":"2002","unstructured":"Backhaus J, Junghanns K, Broocks A, Riemann D, Hohagen F. Test\u2013retest reliability and validity of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index in primary insomnia. J Psychosom Res. 2002;53:737\u201340. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0022-3999(02)00330-6.","journal-title":"J Psychosom Res"},{"key":"615_CR106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glw061","volume":"72","author":"KL Bierre","year":"2017","unstructured":"Bierre KL, Lucas SJE, Guiney H, Cotter JD, Machado L. Cognitive difficulty intensifies age-related changes in anterior frontal hemodynamics: novel evidence from near-infrared spectroscopy. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2017;72:181\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/gerona\/glw061.","journal-title":"J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci"},{"key":"615_CR107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1702","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2009.12.023","volume":"50","author":"H Yanagisawa","year":"2010","unstructured":"Yanagisawa H, Dan I, Tsuzuki D, Kato M, Okamoto M, Kyutoku Y, Soya H. Acute moderate exercise elicits increased dorsolateral prefrontal activation and improves cognitive performance with Stroop test. NeuroImage. 2010;50:1702\u201310. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2009.12.023.","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"615_CR108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2621","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2011.12.022","volume":"33","author":"K Hyodo","year":"2012","unstructured":"Hyodo K, Dan I, Suwabe K, Kyutoku Y, Yamada Y, Akahori M, et al. Acute moderate exercise enhances compensatory brain activation in older adults. Neurobiol Aging. 2012;33:2621\u201332. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2011.12.022.","journal-title":"Neurobiol Aging"},{"key":"615_CR109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2014.04.067","volume":"98","author":"K Byun","year":"2014","unstructured":"Byun K, Hyodo K, Suwabe K, Ochi G, Sakairi Y, Kato M, et al. Positive effect of acute mild exercise on executive function via arousal-related prefrontal activations: an fNIRS study. NeuroImage. 2014;98:336\u201345. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2014.04.067.","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"615_CR110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2017.12.003","author":"S Kujach","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kujach S, Byun K, Hyodo K, Suwabe K, Fukuie T, Laskowski R, et al. A transferable high-intensity intermittent exercise improves executive performance in association with dorsolateral prefrontal activation in young adults. NeuroImage. 2017. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2017.12.003.","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"615_CR111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2189","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-015-3199-4","volume":"115","author":"S Mekari","year":"2015","unstructured":"Mekari S, Fraser S, Bosquet L, Bonnery C, Labelle V, Pouliot P, et al. The relationship between exercise intensity, cerebral oxygenation and cognitive performance in young adults. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2015;115:2189\u201397. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00421-015-3199-4.","journal-title":"Eur J Appl Physiol"},{"issue":"Pt 1","key":"615_CR112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"592","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2013.04.113","volume":"85","author":"M Fabiani","year":"2014","unstructured":"Fabiani M, Gordon BA, Maclin EL, Pearson MA, Brumback-Peltz CR, Low KA, et al. Neurovascular coupling in normal aging: a combined optical, ERP and fMRI study. NeuroImage. 2014;85(Pt 1):592\u2013607. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2013.04.113.","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"615_CR113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2019.112422","author":"R Goenarjo","year":"2019","unstructured":"Goenarjo R, Dupuy O, Fraser S, Perrochon A, Berryman N, Bosquet L. Cardiorespiratory fitness, blood pressure, and cerebral oxygenation during a dual-task in healthy young males. Behav Brain Res. 2019. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bbr.2019.112422.","journal-title":"Behav Brain Res"},{"key":"615_CR114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1123\/ijsnem.2013-0123","volume":"25","author":"M Tieland","year":"2015","unstructured":"Tieland M, Verdijk LB, de Groot LCPGM, van Loon LJC. Handgrip strength does not represent an appropriate measure to evaluate changes in muscle strength during an exercise intervention program in frail older people. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab. 2015;25:27\u201336. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1123\/ijsnem.2013-0123.","journal-title":"Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab"},{"key":"615_CR115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.34.1.18","volume":"34","author":"EC Rhodes","year":"2000","unstructured":"Rhodes EC, Martin AD, Taunton JE, Donnelly M, Warren J, Elliot J. Effects of one year of resistance training on the relation between muscular strength and bone density in elderly women. Br J Sports Med. 2000;34:18\u201322. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bjsm.34.1.18.","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"key":"615_CR116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000501203","author":"BK Labott","year":"2019","unstructured":"Labott BK, Bucht H, Morat M, Morat T, Donath L. Effects of exercise training on handgrip strength in older adults: a meta-analytical review. Gerontology. 2019. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000501203.","journal-title":"Gerontology"},{"key":"615_CR117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/rej.2018.2111","author":"SL Buckner","year":"2018","unstructured":"Buckner SL, Dankel S, Bell ZW, Abe T, Loenneke J. The association of hand grip strength and mortality: what does it tell us and what can we do with it? Rejuvenation Res. 2018. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/rej.2018.2111.","journal-title":"Rejuvenation Res"},{"key":"615_CR118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2017.08.009","volume":"108","author":"SL Buckner","year":"2017","unstructured":"Buckner SL, Dankel SJ, Mouser JG, Mattocks KT, Jessee MB, Loenneke JP. Chasing the top quartile of cross-sectional data: is it possible with resistance training? Med Hypotheses. 2017;108:63\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mehy.2017.08.009.","journal-title":"Med Hypotheses"},{"key":"615_CR119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4614-4989-8_41","volume":"765","author":"T Tsujii","year":"2013","unstructured":"Tsujii T, Komatsu K, Sakatani K. Acute effects of physical exercise on prefrontal cortex activity in older adults: a functional near-infrared spectroscopy study. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2013;765:293\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-1-4614-4989-8_41.","journal-title":"Adv Exp Med Biol"},{"key":"615_CR120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-38810-6_27","volume":"923","author":"M Moriya","year":"2016","unstructured":"Moriya M, Aoki C, Sakatani K. Effects of physical exercise on working memory and prefrontal cortex function in post-stroke patients. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2016;923:203\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-319-38810-6_27.","journal-title":"Adv Exp Med Biol"},{"key":"615_CR121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychsport.2015.09.004","volume":"22","author":"S-S Hsieh","year":"2016","unstructured":"Hsieh S-S, Chang Y-K, Hung T-M, Fang C-L. The effects of acute resistance exercise on young and older males\u2019 working memory. Psychol Sport Exerc. 2016;22:286\u201393. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.psychsport.2015.09.004.","journal-title":"Psychol Sport Exerc"},{"key":"615_CR122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"927","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0b013e3181907d69","volume":"41","author":"MB Pontifex","year":"2009","unstructured":"Pontifex MB, Hillman CH, Fernhall B, Thompson KM, Valentini TA. The effect of acute aerobic and resistance exercise on working memory. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2009;41:927\u201334. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1249\/MSS.0b013e3181907d69.","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"key":"615_CR123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychsport.2012.11.010","volume":"14","author":"A Quelhas Martins","year":"2013","unstructured":"Quelhas Martins A, Kavussanu M, Willoughby A, Ring C. Moderate intensity exercise facilitates working memory. Psychol Sport Exerc. 2013;14:323\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.psychsport.2012.11.010.","journal-title":"Psychol Sport Exerc"},{"key":"615_CR124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2018.01.001","author":"S Ludyga","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ludyga S, Gerber M, Kamijo K, Brand S, P\u00fchse U. The effects of a school-based exercise program on neurophysiological indices of working memory operations in adolescents. J Sci Med Sport. 2018. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jsams.2018.01.001.","journal-title":"J Sci Med Sport"},{"key":"615_CR125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2011.00026","volume":"5","author":"C Voelcker-Rehage","year":"2011","unstructured":"Voelcker-Rehage C, Godde B, Staudinger UM. Cardiovascular and coordination training differentially improve cognitive performance and neural processing in older adults. Front Hum Neurosci. 2011;5:26. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnhum.2011.00026.","journal-title":"Front Hum Neurosci"},{"key":"615_CR126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.2009.07014.x","volume":"31","author":"C Voelcker-Rehage","year":"2010","unstructured":"Voelcker-Rehage C, Godde B, Staudinger UM. Physical and motor fitness are both related to cognition in old age. Eur J Neurosci. 2010;31:167\u201376. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1460-9568.2009.07014.x.","journal-title":"Eur J Neurosci"},{"key":"615_CR127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2268","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2013.01.028","volume":"37","author":"C Voelcker-Rehage","year":"2013","unstructured":"Voelcker-Rehage C, Niemann C. Structural and functional brain changes related to different types of physical activity across the life span. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2013;37:2268\u201395. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2013.01.028.","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev"},{"key":"615_CR128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1117\/1.NPh.8.1.012101","author":"MA Y\u00fccel","year":"2021","unstructured":"Y\u00fccel MA, L\u00fchmann AV, Scholkmann F, Gervain J, Dan I, Ayaz H, et al. Best practices for fNIRS publications. Neurophoton. 2021. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1117\/1.NPh.8.1.012101.","journal-title":"Neurophoton"},{"key":"615_CR129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci10060342","author":"F Herold","year":"2020","unstructured":"Herold F, Gronwald T, Scholkmann F, Zohdi H, Wyser D, M\u00fcller NG, Hamacher D. New directions in exercise prescription: is there a role for brain-derived parameters obtained by functional near-infrared spectroscopy? Brain Sci. 2020. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/brainsci10060342.","journal-title":"Brain Sci"},{"key":"615_CR130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10027","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-09970-z","volume":"7","author":"AJ Metz","year":"2017","unstructured":"Metz AJ, Klein SD, Scholkmann F, Wolf U. Continuous coloured light altered human brain haemodynamics and oxygenation assessed by systemic physiology augmented functional near-infrared spectroscopy. Sci Rep. 2017;7:10027. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-017-09970-z.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"615_CR131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1117\/1.NPh.4.4.045005","volume":"4","author":"F Scholkmann","year":"2017","unstructured":"Scholkmann F, Hafner T, Metz AJ, Wolf M, Wolf U. Effect of short-term colored-light exposure on cerebral hemodynamics and oxygenation, and systemic physiological activity. Neurophoton. 2017;4:1. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1117\/1.NPh.4.4.045005.","journal-title":"Neurophoton"},{"key":"615_CR132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1117\/1.NPh.7.2.025006","volume":"7","author":"H Zohdi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zohdi H, Scholkmann F, Wolf U. Frontal cerebral oxygenation asymmetry: intersubject variability and dependence on systemic physiology, season, and time of day. Neurophoton. 2020;7:1. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1117\/1.NPh.7.2.025006.","journal-title":"Neurophoton"},{"key":"615_CR133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci11010054","volume":"11","author":"H Zohdi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zohdi H, Scholkmann F, Wolf U. Individual differences in hemodynamic responses measured on the head due to a long-term stimulation involving colored light exposure and a cognitive task: a SPA-fNIRS study. Brain Sci. 2021;11:54. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/brainsci11010054.","journal-title":"Brain Sci"},{"key":"615_CR134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1097\/00001648-199001000-00010","volume":"1","author":"KJ Rothman","year":"1990","unstructured":"Rothman KJ. No adjustments are needed for multiple comparisons. Epidemiology. 1990;1:43\u20136.","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"key":"615_CR135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1016\/S0895-4356(00)00314-0","volume":"54","author":"R Bender","year":"2001","unstructured":"Bender R, Lange S. Adjusting for multiple testing\u2014when and how? J Clin Epidemiol. 2001;54:343\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0895-4356(00)00314-0.","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"615_CR136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1236","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.316.7139.1236","volume":"316","author":"TV Perneger","year":"1998","unstructured":"Perneger TV. What\u2019s wrong with Bonferroni adjustments. BMJ. 1998;316:1236\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.316.7139.1236.","journal-title":"BMJ"}],"container-title":["BMC Neuroscience"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12868-021-00615-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12868-021-00615-6\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12868-021-00615-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,17]],"date-time":"2021-02-17T15:59:23Z","timestamp":1613577563000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcneurosci.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12868-021-00615-6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,15]]},"references-count":136,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]}},"alternative-id":["615"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12868-021-00615-6","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2202"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2202","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,15]]},"assertion":[{"value":"16 June 2020","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"1 February 2021","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"15 February 2021","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The study was approved by the local ethics committee of the Medical Faculty of the Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg (181\/18) and it was in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki (1964). All participants were informed about the study procedures and provided written informed consent to participate.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"10"}}