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First, we probed how different commonly used anesthetics (isoflurane, ketamine\/xylazine, medetomidine) affect ABRs. In the next step, we assessed the effects of different pharmacological compounds (diazepam, gaboxadol, retigabine, nicotine, baclofen, and bitopertin) either under isoflurane or medetomidine anesthesia. We found that under our experimental conditions, ABRs are largely unaffected by diverse pharmacological modulation. Significant modulation was observed with (i) nicotine, affecting the late ABRs components at 90\u00a0dB stimulus intensity under isoflurane anesthesia in both genotypes and (ii) retigabine, showing a slight decrease in late ABRs deflections at 80\u00a0dB stimulus intensity, mainly in isoflurane anesthetized Nrxn1\u03b1 KO rats. Our study suggests that ABRs in anesthetized rats are resistant to a wide range of pharmacological modulators, which has important implications for the applicability of ABRs to study auditory brainstem physiology.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12868-024-00861-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,15]],"date-time":"2024-03-15T06:01:58Z","timestamp":1710482518000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Auditory brainstem responses are resistant to pharmacological modulation in Sprague Dawley wild-type and Neurexin1\u03b1 knockout rats"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Samuel","family":"Marashli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Philipp","family":"Janz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Roger L","family":"Redondo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"861_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1596","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci11121596","volume":"11","author":"E Domarecka","year":"2021","unstructured":"Domarecka E, et al. 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