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One of the initial indicators of PD is the appearance of cardiovascular dysautonomia. As such, it is vital to monitor and manage cardiovascular health of individuals with PD, as it may have clinical implications in the development of commonly recognized motor and non-motor aspects of the disease. To study the association of history of cardiovascular disease (CVD) with occurrence and severity of PD, here, we lend data on the association of CVD history with the frequency and the occurrence of idiopathic PD (iPD) using data from the Luxembourg Parkinson\u2019s study (iPD n\u2009=\u2009676 patients and non-PD n\u2009=\u2009874 controls).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We report that patients with a history of CVD are at high risk of developing iPD (odds ratio; OR\u2009=\u20091.56, 95% confidence interval; CI 1.09\u20132.08). This risk is stronger in males and remains significant after adjustment with confounders (OR 1.55, 95% CI 1.05\u20132.30). This increased susceptibility to iPD is linked to the severity of iPD symptoms mainly the non-motor symptoms of daily living (MDS-UPDRS I) and motor complications (MDS-UPDRS IV) in the affected individuals.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Individuals with history of CVD have a high risk of developing severe forms of iPD. This observation suggests that careful monitoring and management of patients with a history of cardiac problems may reduce the burden of iPD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12868-024-00875-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,8]],"date-time":"2024-07-08T13:02:47Z","timestamp":1720443767000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Cardiovascular history and risk of idiopathic Parkinson\u2019s disease: a cross-sectional observational study"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Shubhra","family":"Acharya","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew I.","family":"Lumley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yvan","family":"Devaux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"NCER-PD Consortium","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhammad","family":"Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nancy E.","family":"Ramia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Arena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rudi","family":"Balling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michele","family":"Bassis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Regina","family":"Becker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ibrahim","family":"Boussaad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Piotr","family":"Gawron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Soumyabrata","family":"Ghosh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Enrico","family":"Glaab","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elisa G\u00f3mez","family":"De Lope","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valentin","family":"Groues","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne","family":"Gr\u00fcnewald","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Gu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Heneka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sascha","family":"Herzinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacek Jaroslaw","family":"Lebioda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yohan","family":"Jaroz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Quentin","family":"Klopfenstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zied","family":"Landoulsi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tain\u00e1 M.","family":"Marques","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patricia Martins","family":"Conde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrick","family":"May","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francoise","family":"Meisch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Nickels","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marek","family":"Ostaszewski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clarissa P. 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