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The L&amp;M performance was evaluated using the Morris water maze, and the mRNA expression of PSD95, SYP, PKA, CREB, CBP, and BDNF in the hippocampus was detected.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Chronic hypoxia exposure significantly impaired L&amp;M performance and reduced the mRNA expression of hippocampal PSD95, SYP, PKA, CREB, CBP, and BDNF. Aerobic exercise training effectively reversed these changes by enhancing hippocampal synaptic plasticity through the activation of the PKA\u2013CREB\u2013BDNF signaling pathway.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Aerobic exercise training can alleviate the decline in L&amp;M performance caused by altitude hypoxia exposure, possibly through the activation of the hippocampal PKA\u2013CREB\u2013BDNF signaling pathway.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12868-025-00935-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,21]],"date-time":"2025-02-21T12:58:46Z","timestamp":1740142726000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Aerobic exercise training improves learning and memory performance in hypoxic-exposed rats by activating the hippocampal PKA\u2013CREB\u2013BDNF signaling pathway"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Shichen","family":"Luo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lei","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tong","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiguan","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"935_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-6606-5-14","volume":"5","author":"ER Kandel","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kandel ER. 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